Screening and selection of adjuvants for the spray application of entomopathogenic nematodes against a foliar pest

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy M. Mason ◽  
Graham A. Matthews ◽  
Denis J. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Selection Of

Biological control of ticks

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (S1) ◽  
pp. S389-S403 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SAMISH ◽  
H. GINSBERG ◽  
I. GLAZER
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Production Strategies ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Selection Of

Ticks have numerous natural enemies, but only a few species have been evaluated as tick biocontrol agents (BCAs). Some laboratory results suggest that several bacteria are pathogenic to ticks, but their mode of action and their potential value as biocontrol agents remain to be determined. The most promising entomopathogenic fungi appear to be Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, strains of which are already commercially available for the control of some pests. Development of effective formulations is critical for tick management. Entomopathogenic nematodes that are pathogenic to ticks can potentially control ticks, but improved formulations and selection of novel nematode strains are needed. Parasitoid wasps of the genus Ixodiphagus do not typically control ticks under natural conditions, but inundative releases show potential value. Most predators of ticks are generalists, with a limited potential for tick management (one possible exception is oxpeckers in Africa). Biological control is likely to play a substantial role in future IPM programmes for ticks because of the diversity of taxa that show high potential as tick BCAs. Considerable research is required to select appropriate strains, develop them as BCAs, establish their effectiveness, and devise production strategies to bring them to practical use.

Effect of the spray application technique on the deposition of entomopathogenic nematodes in vegetables

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Brusselman ◽  
Bert Beck ◽  
Sabien Pollet ◽  
Femke Temmerman ◽  
Pieter Spanoghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Application Technique

scholarly journals Selection of entomopathogenic nematodes for enhanced responsiveness to a volatile root signal helps to control a major root pest

2010 ◽  
Vol 213 (14) ◽  
pp. 2417-2423 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Hiltpold ◽  
M. Baroni ◽  
S. Toepfer ◽  
U. Kuhlmann ◽  
T. C. J. Turlings
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Root Signal ◽  
Selection Of

An image processing technique for the observation of the viability of Steinernema carpocapsae in spray application research

Nematology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Viaene ◽  
Winy Messens ◽  
David Nuyttens ◽  
Maurice Moens ◽  
Nancyde Sutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Image Processing Technique ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Application Research ◽  
Image Processing System ◽  
The Difference

AbstractDamage caused to entomopathogenic nematodes by spray application is generally assessed by observing the viability of the infective juveniles under the microscope. To improve the quality and speed of this observation we developed an image processing technique and tested the efficacy of acetic acid and sodium chloride as chemical stimulants. Because of the lower standard error on the results obtained (0.7 vs 1.7), sodium chloride was eventually selected for all subsequent observations. The viability as observed with the image processing technique rose significantly with the time after the nematodes were suspended in water; however, viability as observed under the microscope was not influenced by the time. These differences can be attributed to the difference in type of stimulant (mechanical vs chemical) used. After nematodes had been in suspension for 3.5 h, the viability as measured using the image processing system was still significantly lower than the viability as measured under the microscope. This difference did not disappear after 24 h at 4, 15 or 24°C. Maintaining nematodes for 24 h at 35°C significantly decreased the viability to 5.9% (microscope) or 11.0% (image processing technique). The decrease in viability as observed with the image processing system corresponded better with the decrease in infectivity (i.e., 13.8%). Our results support further use of the image processing technique, not only to observe the viability of entomopathogenic nematodes but also to count the mobile or total number of nematodes of any species.

scholarly journals Selection of entomopathogenic nematodes and evaluation of their compatibility with cyantraniliprole for the control of Hypothenemus hampei

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1489
Author(s):  
Bruna Aparecida Guide ◽  
Viviane Sandra Alves ◽  
Thiago Augusto Paes Fernandes ◽  
Matheus Corseti Marcomini ◽  
Ana Maria Meneguim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Hypothenemus Hampei ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Coffee Berry Borer ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
To Come ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Production Losses

Attack by the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei causes significant damage to coffee crops because it affects the quality of the coffee fruit during different developmental stages, which results in production losses. Control of the borer is difficult owing to its cryptic behavior and the fact that it spends its entire life cycle inside the coffee berries. This makes it difficult for natural enemies to reach it, as well as for it to come into contact with chemical insecticides. The objective of the present study was to select and evaluate the virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) on the coffee berry borer H. hampei and their compatibility with the insecticide cyantraniliprole under laboratory conditions. Initially, the pathogenicity and virulence of 16 isolates of Steinernema and Heterorhabditis towards coffee berry borer larvae and adults were evaluated. The most virulent isolates to both larvae and adults were determined by topical inoculation tests in coffee fruits (berries) infested by the insect, using a concentration of 100 infective juveniles (IJs)/fruit. The same isolates were also evaluated for viability and infectivity when combined with cyantraniliprole. The isolates S. feltiae (IBCB-n 47) and Heterorhabditis amazonensis (GL) displayed the highest virulence towards adults (54%). For larvae, we observed a high virulence of S. feltiae, Heterorhabditis amazonensis, Heterorhabditis indica, Heterorhabditis sp. (JPM4), Heterorhabditis sp. (NEPET 11), Heterorhabditis sp. (IBCB-n 46), and Heterorhabditis sp. (IBCB-n 44) that promoted 100% mortality. Regarding the topical inoculation test on infested fruits, S. feltiae and Heterorhabditis sp. (IBCB-n 46) were unable to penetrate the fruit through the hole made by the borer, infect, and cause the death of insects. Cyantraniliprole formulation affected the viability of IJs of S. feltiae and Heterorhabditis sp. (IBCB-n 46), mainly after 48 h of exposure.

Cognitive gadgets and cognitive priors

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Domenico Iannetti ◽  
Giorgio Vallortigara
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Some of the foundations of Heyes’ radical reasoning seem to be based on a fractional selection of available evidence. Using an ethological perspective, we argue against Heyes’ rapid dismissal of innate cognitive instincts. Heyes’ use of fMRI studies of literacy to claim that culture assembles pieces of mental technology seems an example of incorrect reverse inferences and overlap theories pervasive in cognitive neuroscience.

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