Should all sexually active young women in Hungary be screened for Chlamydia trachomatis?

Screening programmes are important for the control of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection, a disease spread mainly by asymptomatic carriers. Risk factors for Ct infection were assessed in 6810 consecutive asymptomatic young women seeking contraceptive advice. All women filled in a questionnaire and were offered Ct testing. Of the 5785 who consented to testing, 425 (7.3%) were Ct culture positive. Four variables were significantly related to increased risk of being infected: age 18–23 years, duration of present relationship < 1 year, non-use of condoms, and a history of not having had a previous genital infection. It is not possible to devise screening criteria that would effectively identify women at high risk. Therefore a screening programme should be targeted at all sexually active young people. However, if after some years the programme succeeds in lowering general Ct prevalence, these factors may be important when selecting patients for Ct testing.

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Chlamydia trachomatis infection among sexually active young women in Italy

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

10.1136/sti.78.4.305 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

pp. 305-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M A Latino

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Young Women ◽

Sexually Active ◽

Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection

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Chlamydia trachomatis infection among sexually active young women in Italy

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

10.1136/sti.78.4.e4 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

pp. 4e-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M A Latino

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Young Women ◽

Sexually Active ◽

Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection

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Wealth-related inequalities in demand for family planning satisfied among married and unmarried adolescent girls and young women in sub-Saharan Africa

Reproductive Health ◽

10.1186/s12978-021-01076-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Martin K. Mutua ◽

Yohannes D. Wado ◽

Monica Malata ◽

Caroline W. Kabiru ◽

Elsie Akwara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

West Africa ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Young Women ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Sexually Active ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background The use of modern contraception has increased in much of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, the extent to which changes have occurred across the wealth spectrum among adolescents is not well known. We examine poor-rich gaps in demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (DFPSm) among sexually active adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) using data from national household surveys. Methods We used recent Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys to describe levels of wealth-related inequalities in DFPSm among sexually active AGYW using an asset index as an indicator of wealth. Further, we used data from countries with more than one survey conducted from 2000 to assess DFPSm trends. We fitted linear models to estimate annual average rate of change (AARC) by country. We fitted random effects regression models to estimate regional AARC in DFPSm. All analysis were stratified by marital status. Results Overall, there was significant wealth-related disparities in DFPSm in West Africa only (17.8 percentage points (pp)) among married AGYW. The disparities were significant in 5 out of 10 countries in Eastern, 2 out of 6 in Central, and 7 out of 12 in West among married AGYW and in 2 out of 6 in Central and 2 out of 9 in West Africa among unmarried AGYW. Overall, DFPSm among married AGYW increased over time in both poorest (AARC = 1.6%, p < 0.001) and richest (AARC = 1.4%, p < 0.001) households and among unmarried AGYW from poorest households (AARC = 0.8%, p = 0.045). DPFSm increased over time among married and unmarried AGYW from poorest households in Eastern (AARC = 2.4%, p < 0.001) and Southern sub-regions (AARC = 2.1%, p = 0.030) respectively. Rwanda and Liberia had the largest increases in DPFSm among married AGYW from poorest (AARC = 5.2%, p < 0.001) and richest (AARC = 5.3%, p < 0.001) households respectively. There were decreasing DFPSm trends among both married (AARC = − 1.7%, p < 0.001) and unmarried (AARC = − 4.7%, p < 0.001) AGYW from poorest households in Mozambique. Conclusion Despite rapid improvements in DFPSm among married AGYW from the poorest households in many SSA countries there have been only modest reductions in wealth-related inequalities. Significant inequalities remain, especially among married AGYW. DFPSm stalled in most sub-regions among unmarried AGYW.

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Chlamydia trachomatis and urogenital mycoplasms in nonconococcal urethirits in men

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1002047v ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 63 (1-2) ◽

pp. 47-50

Author(s):

Sonja Vesic ◽

Jelica Vukicevic ◽

Eleonora Gvozdenovic ◽

Dusan Skiljevic ◽

Slobodanka Janosevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽

Mycoplasma Hominis ◽

Sexually Active ◽

Transmitted Infection ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Nongonococcal Urethritis ◽

Etiological Agents ◽

The One

Introduction. Nongonococcal urethritis is the most common sexually transmitted infection in men, with vast majority of the etiological agents such as Chlamydia trachomatis, followed by urogenital mycoplasmas. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in nongonococcal urethritis in men, and to examine infections associated with these agents. Material and methods. 299 sexually active, heterosexual men with nongonococcal urethritis were included into the study. Urethral samples were taken with a dacron swab placed into the urethra up to 2-3 cm. The Direct immunojluorescence tehnique was performed for identification of Chlamydia trachomatis. Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis were detected with Mycoplasma 1ST assay. Results. Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in 22.75%, Uraeplasma urealyticum in 21.08% and Mycoplasma hominis in 8.02% cases. We found no significant differences in prevalence between Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticym (p>0.05). Monoinjections were found in 51.85% with significantly higher rate (p<0.01) than associated infections (11.70%). Among associated infections, coinfection of Chlamydia trahomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum was predominant. Association of Chlamydia trachomatis with urogenital mycoplasmas was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the one between Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis. In 36.45% patients no patogenic microorganisms were detected. Conclusion. These results confirmed the etiological role of Chlamydia trachomatis and urogenital mycoplasmas in nongonococcal urethritis with prevalence of 51.85% in monoinfections and 11.70% in associated infections. In 36.45% of cases the etiology of urethritis was not elucidated. These results suggest that more sensitive diagnostic tool should be applied when searching for the detailed etiology of nongonococcal urethritis.

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Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis Infections Among Sexually Active Men

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/154.5.900 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 154 (5) ◽

pp. 900-903 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

G. H. Karam ◽

D. H. Martin ◽

T. R. Flotte ◽

F. O. Bonnarens ◽

J. R. Joseph ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Sexually Active

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Mycoplasma Genitalium Among Women With Nongonococcal, Nonchlamydial Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1155/idog/2006/30184 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 2006 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Catherine L. Haggerty ◽

Patricia A. Totten ◽

Sabina G. Astete ◽

Roberta B. Ness

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Young Women ◽

Inflammatory Disease ◽

Plasma Cells ◽

Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽

Pelvic Organ ◽

Etiologic Agent ◽

Surface Epithelium ◽

Pilot Sample

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a frequent condition of young women, often resulting in reproductive morbidity. Although Neisseria gonorrhoeae and/or Chlamydia trachomatis are/is recovered from approximately a third to a half of women with PID, the etiologic agent is often unidentified. We need PCR to test for M genitalium among a pilot sample of 50 women with nongonococcal, nonchlamydial endometritis enrolled in the PID evaluation and clinical health (PEACH) study. All participants had pelvic pain, pelvic organ tenderness, and leukorrhea, mucopurulent cervicitis, or untreated cervicitis. Endometritis was defined as≥5 surface epithelium neutrophils per×400field absent of menstrual endometrium and/or≥2 stromal plasma cells per×120field. We detected M genitalium in 7 (14%) of the women tested: 6 (12%) in cervical specimens and 4 (8%) in endometrial specimens. We conclude that M genitalium is prevalent in the endometrium of women with nongonococcal, nonchlamydial PID.

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