Gender Difference in Parental Psychiatric Morbidity in the Aftermath of 2005 South Asian Earthquake

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
M. Gul ◽  
R. Faruqui
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Study Participants

Background:The South Asian Earthquake of 2005 had a devastating impact on family lives; almost 76,400 people lost their lives, and thousands more sustained disabling injuries.Study design:An epidemiological study, to study psychiatric morbidity amongst parents of deceased children, was carried out at Balakot, Pakistan. The area was chosen due to much lesser migration of the original inhabitant to other part of the country. The study was carried out in April-May 2006, six months after the earthquake.Method:80% of the eligible population participated in the study. The psychiatric instruments that were used in the study included, Pakistan Anxiety & Depression Questionnaire, Hopkins Symptoms Check list- 25 (Urdu-Version) and Rater administered DSM-IV, PTSD questionnaire (Urdu) for diagnosis of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. The assessment schedules were administered by medical students, trained to administer above instruments and questionnaires.Results:133 subjects participated in the study. Participants mean age was 39 years. Amongst the participants, 20% lost their spouse in the earthquake. There was statistically significant difference in the prevalence of probable diagnosis of depression or anxiety disorder between the male and female population as assessed by PADQ (P< 0.01). Mean HSCL-25 anxiety and depression sub-scale scores also showed a statistically significant gender difference (P< 0.01). 49% met the DSM-IV criteria for diagnoses of PTSD. A higher proportion of female population suffered from PTSD (P< 0.01).Conclusion:The recognition of gender difference in psychiatric morbidity in disaster affected areas has important implications for emergency serviced delivery and long term planning of service provision.

Gender differences in the prevalence of DSM-IV and ICD-10 PTSD

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
LORNA PETERS ◽  
CATHY ISSAKIDIS ◽  
TIM SLADE ◽  
GAVIN ANDREWS
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Symptom Level ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion

Background. Gender differences in the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder were examined by analysing discrepancies between the DSM-IV and ICD-10 diagnostic systems.Method. Data from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being (n=10641) were analysed at the diagnostic, criterion and symptom level for DSM-IV and ICD-10 PTSD for males versus females.Results. While there was a significant gender difference in the prevalence of PTSD for ICD-10, no such difference was found for DSM-IV. The pattern of gender difference at the diagnostic level was mirrored in the pattern of gender differences at the criterion level for both DSM-IV and ICD-10. Females only endorsed three symptoms at a significantly higher rate than males. For all other symptoms, endorsement was equal. This apparently small gender difference at the symptom level was sufficient to cause the gender difference at the diagnostic level for ICD-10, but not DSM-IV because of the different manner in which symptoms are configured into criteria in each of the diagnostic systems.Conclusions. Gender differences in ICD-10 PTSD but not in DSM PTSD diagnoses are attributable in this study to different patterns of endorsement of symptoms by males and females. Possible reasons for the differential endorsement of symptoms and implications for the use of epidemiological instruments are discussed.

scholarly journals Parental post-traumatic stress and psychiatric care utilisation among refugee adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Berg ◽  
Edith de Montgomery ◽  
Monica Brendler-Lindquist ◽  
Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz ◽  
Anders Hjern
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Family Approach ◽  
Post Traumatic

AbstractParental psychiatric morbidity related to experiences of war and trauma has been associated with adverse psychological outcomes for children. The aim of this study was to investigate parental post-traumatic stress in relation to psychiatric care utilization among children of refugees with particular attention on the child’s own refugee status, sex of both child and parents, and specific psychiatric diagnoses. This was a register study in a population of 16 143 adolescents from refugee families in Stockholm County born 1995–2000 and followed between 2011 and 2017 (11–18 years old). Parental post-traumatic stress, identified in three levels of care, was analysed in relation to child and adolescent psychiatric care use. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for duration of residence and demographic and socioeconomic variables. Having a mother with post-traumatic stress was associated with higher psychiatric care utilization, with adjusted HR 2.44 (95% CI 1.90–3.14) among foreign-born refugee children and HR 1.77 (1.33–2.36) among Swedish-born children with refugee parents, with particularly high risks for children with less than five years of residence (HR 4.03; 2.29–7.10) and for diagnoses of anxiety and depression (HR 2.71; 2.11–3.48). Having a father with post-traumatic stress was not associated with increased HRs of psychiatric care utilization. Similar results were seen for boys and girls. Treatment for post-traumatic stress should be made available in refugee reception programmes. These programmes should use a family approach that targets both parents and children.

A Pilot Study of Phenelzine in the Treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

1987 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Davidson ◽  
J. Ingram Walker ◽  
Clinton Kilts
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Combat Experience ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Post Traumatic Disorder

In recent years, there has been renewed appreciation of the morbidity which can result from unusual or overwhelming stress and while many situations can give rise to post-traumatic disorder, the most frequently studied of these is probably military combat. Psychiatric disorder pursuant to combat experience can not only become chronic, but may intensify with advancing age, decades after the original trauma (Archibald & Tuddenbaum, 1965; Wilmer, 1982). Moreover, a high percentage of combat veterans are believed ultimately to develop chronic psychiatric morbidity (Walker & Cavenar, 1982). The drug treatment of such post-traumatic states remains an important question, largely over looked until the last 2 years but recent case reports suggest that doxepin and imipramine (White, 1983; Burstein, 1984) are beneficial in treating post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which may be either combat or non-combat related. Hogben & Cornfield (1981) described five veterans whose PTSD improved when treated with phenelzine, while Van der Kolk (1983) has described beneficial results with antidepressants, lithium, benzodiazepines, beta blockers, and neuroleptics in uncontrolled studies of PTSD.

scholarly journals Stigma, displacement stressors and psychiatric morbidity among displaced Syrian men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women: a cross-sectional study in Lebanon

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e046996
Author(s):  
Kirsty Clark ◽  
John Pachankis ◽  
Kaveh Khoshnood ◽  
Richard Bränström ◽  
David Seal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Sex With Men

BackgroundDisplaced Syrians face psychiatric morbidity often resulting from displacement-related stressors (eg, resource scarcity). Both men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women among the displaced Syrians are particularly vulnerable to mental health challenges given that they also often face stigma-related stressors (eg, discrimination).MethodsBetween January and December 2019 in greater Beirut, 258 Lebanese-born MSM and transgender women and 230 displaced Syrian MSM and transgender women were recruited via respondent-driven sampling to complete an in-person survey assessing displacement-related stressors, stigma-related stressors, depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. In the total sample, we first documented the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among the displaced Syrians; we then assessed associations among displacement-related and stigma-related stressors and each psychiatric outcome.ResultsSixty-three per cent of Syrian participants met criteria for depression compared with 43.8% of Lebanese participants (p<0.001); 21.3% of Syrians met criteria for severe anxiety compared with 13.1% of Lebanese participants (p<0.05) and 33.0% of Syrians met criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder compared with 18.4% of Lebanese participants (p<0.001). Among Syrian MSM and transgender women, sociodemographic characteristics, displacement-related stressors and stigma-related stressors were uniquely associated with psychiatric morbidity.ConclusionDisplaced Syrian MSM and transgender women experience higher levels of psychiatric comorbidities than Lebanese MSM and transgender women in part due to compounding exposure to displacement-related stressors and stigma-related stressors. Informed by tenets of minority stress theory and intersectionality theory, we discuss mental health intervention implications and future directions.

scholarly journals Rates of post-traumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed children and adolescents: meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Alisic ◽  
Alyson K. Zalta ◽  
Floryt van Wesel ◽  
Sadie E. Larsen ◽  
Gertrud S. Hafstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interpersonal Trauma ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundIt is unclear how many children and adolescents develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after trauma.AimsTo determine the incidence of PTSD in trauma-exposed children and adolescents as assessed with well-established diagnostic interviews and to examine potential moderators of the estimate.MethodA systematic literature search identified 72 peer-reviewed articles on 43 independent samples (n = 3563). Samples consisting only of participants seeking or receiving mental health treatment were excluded. Main analyses involved pooled incidence estimates and meta-analyses of variance.ResultsThe overall rate of PTSD was 15.9% (95% CI 11.5–21.5), which varied according to the type of trauma and gender. Least at risk were boys exposed to non-interpersonal trauma (8.4%, 95% CI 4.7–14.5), whereas girls exposed to interpersonal trauma showed the highest rate (32.9%, 95% CI 19.8–49.3). No significant difference was found for the choice of assessment interview or the informant of the assessment.ConclusionsResearch conducted with the best available assessment instruments shows that a significant minority of children and adolescents develop PTSD after trauma exposure, with those exposed to interpersonal trauma and girls at particular risk. The estimates provide a benchmark for DSM-5 and ICD-11.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Police and Military Personnel: Assessment and Treatment Methods from Psychophysiology and Neuroscience—Essential Preliminary Information

Biofeedback ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Carmichael
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article presents the clinical approach developed by a Canadian biofeedback practitioner for the assessment and treatment of police and military clients, especially those with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The author conducted a clinical practice for more than 25 years primarily with male police and military clients. He examines the impact on treatment effectiveness of a number of factors, such as how police and military clients differ from civilian populations, the definition of trauma in this population, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition; DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria, the assessment of post-traumatic stress disorder, risks and coping factors, consequences of PTSD, DSM-IV conundrums, epidemiology, and other reactions to traumatic events.

Psychiatric morbidity in bus crews following violent assault: a follow-up study

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Fisher ◽  
Robin Jacoby
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Assault Victims ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Violent Assault

SynopsisIn a prospective study 22 bus crews who were victims of physical assault were assessed using standardized psychiatric instruments, followed up for 18 months and compared to a non-assaulted control group drawn from the same bus garage. At initial assessment the assaulted group, compared to the controls showed a significant increase in psychiatric impairment and distress (as measured by the GHQ-30 and IES respectively), with 23% of assault victims developing post-traumatic stress disorder as defined by DSM-III-R. At follow-up, while high levels of both psychiatric impairment and distress persisted there was evidence that they may be separate phenomena.

scholarly journals Stress and dementia

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1235-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Doyle ◽  
David Dunt ◽  
Philip Morris
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Related Condition ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Traumatic Incident

The causes of dementia continue to be the subject of huge research efforts, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has recently gained attention as a possible contributor. PTSD is considered to be present if the sufferer develops persistent re-experiencing, avoidance and emotional numbing and symptoms of increased arousal not present before the sufferer was exposed to a traumatic incident. PTSD is now classified in DSM-5 as a trauma- and stressor-related disorder, unlike DSM-IV where it was previously categorized as an anxiety disorder, lending it more prominence now as a stress-related condition. However, it remains placed near the anxiety, obsessive compulsive and dissociative disorders in recognition of the close relationship with these other diagnoses. The nosology of PTSD is interesting as the symptoms can vary considerably. Some individuals with PTSD exhibit anxious or fear-based symptoms, while others can experience anhedonic, dysphoric, aggressive or dissociative symptoms (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).

scholarly journals Abusive experiences and psychiatric morbidity in women primary care attenders

2003 ◽  
Vol 183 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Coid ◽  
Ann Petruckevitch ◽  
Wai-Shan Chung ◽  
Jo Richardson ◽  
Stirling Moorey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Mental Health Effects

BackgroundAbusive experiences in childhood and adulthood increase risks of psychiatric morbidity in women and independently increase risks of further abuse over the lifetime. It is unclear which experiences are most damaging.AimsTo measure lifetime prevalence of abusive experiences and psychiatric morbidity, and to analyse associations in women primary care attenders.MethodA cross-sectional, self-report survey of 1207 women attending 13 surgeries in the London borough of Hackney, UK. Independent associations between demographic measures, abusive experiences and psychiatric outcome were established using logistic regression.ResultsChildhood sexual abuse had few associations with adult mental health measures, in contrast to physical abuse. Sexual assault in adulthood was associated with substance misuse; rape with anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder but not substance misuse. Domestic violence showed strongest associations with most mental health measures, increased for experiences in the past year.ConclusionsAbuse in childhood and adulthood have differential effects on mental health; effects are increased by recency and severity. Women should be routinely questioned about ongoing and recent experiences as well as childhood.

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