Characteristic prefrontal blood volume patterns when imaging body type, high-calorie food, and mother-child attachment in childhood anorexia nervosa: A near infrared spectroscopy study

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 726-726
Author(s):  
S. Nagamitsu ◽  
M. Matsuoka ◽  
S. Ohzono ◽  
Y. Yamashita ◽  
T. Matsuishi
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Child Attachment ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
High Calorie

IntroductionThe risk for developing and preserving symptoms of anorexia nervosa (AN) in children seems to be multifactorial: individual, familial, socio-cultural, and biological factors interact within the developmental framework. A disruption of attachment processes with the mother in an early stage of child development has been proposed as a contributing factor; however, the evidence is controversial.ObjectivesTo address the research question of how childhood AN patients recognize disorder-specific provocative factors such as body type, high-calorie food, and attachment between mother and child.AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the prefrontal activation in childhood AN patients when imaging those symptom-provocative factors.MethodsThe prefrontal activations during each task, in terms of blood volume changes, were measured by near infrared spectroscopy. Twelve females with childhood AN (mean age, 14.4 years old) and 13 age-matched healthy female controls participated in this study.ResultsBoth groups showed increased prefrontal blood volume when viewing images of each symptom-provocative factor. Unexpectedly, there was no significant difference in the prefrontal blood volume increases between the control group and the childhood AN group when viewing images of slender and obese body types and high-calorie food. On the other hand, images of mother-child attachment resulted in significantly greater increases in prefrontal blood volume in the childhood AN group than in the control group.ConclusionsThese results indicated that prefrontal activation in AN might be associated with imaging attachment between mother and child, but not associated with imaging body type or high-calorie food.

Clinical impact of PCSK9 inhibitor on stabilization and regression of lipid-rich coronary plaques: a near-infrared spectroscopy study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Ota ◽  
Hiroyuki Omori ◽  
Masanori Kawasaki ◽  
Akihiro Hirakawa ◽  
Hitoshi Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Coronary Plaque ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Pcsk9 Inhibitor ◽  
Single Centre Study ◽  
Atheroma Volume

Abstract Aims This study aimed to determine the effects of a proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 inhibitor (PCSK9i) on coronary plaque volume and lipid components in patients with a history of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods and results This prospective, open-label, single-centre study analysed non-culprit coronary segments using near-infrared spectroscopy-intravascular ultrasound (NIRS-IVUS) at baseline and follow-up angiography. Following changes in the lipid-lowering treatment based on the most recent guideline, the enrolled subjects were divided into two groups: treatment with PCSK9i and statins (PCSK9i: 21 patients and 40 segments) and statins only (control: 32 patients and 50 segments). The absolute and percent LDL-C reductions were significantly greater in the PCSK9i group than in the control group (between group difference: 59.3 mg/dL and 46.4%; P < 0.001 for both). The percent reduction in normalized atheroma volume and absolute reduction in percent atheroma volume (PAV) were also significantly greater in the PCSK9i group (P < 0.001 for both). Furthermore, the PCSK9i group showed greater regression of maximal lipid core burden index for each of the 4-mm segments (maxLCBI4mm) than the control group (57.0 vs. 25.5; P = 0.010). A significant linear correlation was found between the percent changes in LDL-C and maxLCBI4mm (r = 0.318; P = 0.002), alongside the reduction in PAV (r = 0.386; P < 0.001). Conclusion The lipid component of non-culprit coronary plaques was significantly decreased by PCSK9i. The effects of statin combined with PCSK9i might be attributed to the stabilization and regression of residual vulnerable coronary plaques in patients with CAD.

scholarly journals Vastus lateralis oxygenation during prolonged cycling in healthy males

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kotaro Kawaguchi ◽  
Yukiko Hayashi ◽  
Kiyokazu Sekikawa ◽  
Mitsuru Tabusadani ◽  
Tsutomu Inamizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
Cardiovascular Drift ◽  
Systemic Oxygen ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between acute cardiorespiratory and muscle oxygenation and blood volume changes during prolonged exercise. Eight healthy male volunteers (mean maximum oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O2max) = 41.6 ± 2.4 mL/kg/min) performed 60 min submaximal cycling at 50% [Formula: see text]O2max. Oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O2) was measured by indirect spirometry, cardiac output (CO) was estimated using a PortapresTM, and right vastus lateralis oxyhemoglobin/ myoglobin (oxyHb/Mb), deoxyhemoglobin/myoglobin (deoxyHb/Mb), and total hemoglobin/myoglobin (total Hb/Mb) were recorded using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). After 40 min of exercise, there was a significant increase in [Formula: see text]O2 due to a significantly higher arteriovenous oxygen difference ((a - v)O2diff). After 30 min of exercise CO remained unchanged, but there was a significant decrease in stroke volume and a proportionate increase in heart rate, thus indicating the occurrence of cardiovascular drift. During the first few minutes of exercise, there was a decline in oxyHb/Mb and total Hb/Mb, whereas deoxyHb/Mb remained unchanged. Thereafter, oxyHb/Mb and total Hb/Mb increased systematically until the termination of exercise while deoxyHb/Mb declined. After 40 min of exercise, these changes were significantly different from the baseline values. There were no significant correlations between the changes in the NIRS variables and systemic [Formula: see text]O2 or mixed (a - v)O2diff during exercise. These results suggest that factors other than localized changes in muscle oxygenation and blood volume account for the increased [Formula: see text]O2 during prolonged submaximal exercise. Key words: near infrared spectroscopy, cardiovascular drift, systemic oxygen consumption.

scholarly journals Can Cerebral Blood Volume Be Measured Reproducibly with an Improved near Infrared Spectroscopy System?

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjo J. T. Van de Ven ◽  
Willy N. J. M. Colier ◽  
Marco C. van der Sluijs ◽  
Diederik Walraven ◽  
Berend Oeseburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Baseline Level ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Spectroscopy System

In some circumstances, cerebral blood volume (CBV) can be used as a measure for cerebral blood flow. A new near infrared spectroscope was used for determining the reproducibility of CBV measurements assessed by the O2-method. Twenty-seven healthy subjects were investigated. An intrasubject coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated, based on four identical episodes of desaturation–resaturation (O2-method) procedures for CBV measurements. Two trials were performed, with (trial 1) and without (trial 2) disconnecting the equipment. A mean CV of 12.6% and 10.0% was found in trial 1 and 2, respectively. Cerebral blood volume values yield 3.60 ± 0.82 mL 100 g−1. Cerebral blood volume could be measured reproducible in adults using near infrared spectroscopy, if the arterial desaturation is limited to approximately 5% from baseline level.

scholarly journals Near Infrared Spectroscopy Based Clinical Algorithm Applicability During Spinal Neurosurgery and Postoperative Cognitive Disturbances

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sniedze Murniece ◽  
Martin Soehle ◽  
Indulis Vanags ◽  
Biruta Mamaja
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Cerebral Oxygen ◽  
Clinical Algorithm ◽  
Cognitive Disturbances

Background and Objectives: Postoperative cognitive disturbances (POCD) can significantly alter postoperative recovery. Inadequate intraoperative cerebral oxygen supply is one of the inciting causes of POCD. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) devices monitor cerebral oxygen saturation continuously and can help to guide intraoperative patient management. The aim of the study was to evaluate the applicability of the NIRS-based clinical algorithm during spinal neurosurgery and to find out whether it can influence postoperative cognitive performance. Materials and Methods: Thirty four patients scheduled for spinal neurosurgery were randomized into a study group (n = 23) and a control group (n = 11). We monitored regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) throughout surgery, using a NIRS device (INVOS 4100). If rScO2 dropped bilaterally or unilaterally by more than 20% from baseline values, or under an absolute value of 50%, the NIRS-based algorithm was initiated in the study group. In the control group, rScO2 was monitored blindly. To evaluate cognitive function, Montreal-Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale was used in both groups before and after the surgery. Results: In the study group, rScO2 dropped below the threshold in three patients and the NIRS-based algorithm was activated. Firstly, we verified correct positioning of the head; secondly, we increased mean systemic arterial pressure in the three patients by injecting repeated intravenous bolus doses of Ephedrine, ultimately resulting in an rScO2 increase above the approved threshold level. None of the three patients showed POCD. In the control group, one patient showed a drop in rScO2 of 34% from baseline and presented with a POCD. RScO2 drop occurred with other stable intraoperative measurements. Conclusions: A significant rScO2 drop may occur during spinal surgery in prone position despite other intraoperative measurements remaining stable, allowing it to stay otherwise unrecognized. Use of the NIRS-based clinical algorithm can help to avoid POCD in patients after spinal surgery.

Sleep Apnea Termination Decreases Cerebral Blood Volume: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Case Study

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaakko Virtanen ◽  
Tommi Noponen ◽  
Tapani Salmi ◽  
Jussi Toppila ◽  
Pekka Meriläinen
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume
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