Instrumented Charpy test review and application to structural integrity

2002 ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Server
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Charpy Test ◽  
Test Review

Optimising the Safe Design of Pressurised Components

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison N. O’Connor ◽  
Catrin M. Davies ◽  
Stephen J. Garwood ◽  
Isabel Hadley
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
National Level ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Charpy Test ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
European Single Market ◽  
Medium Strength

Abstract The structural integrity of pressure vessels (PVs) is controlled by the application of various design and fabrication codes and standards. Within the European single market (ESM) design codes exist at both a European and a national level which can lead to variability in design procedures. The European standard EN 13445 has been updated several times to modify the design curves based on analytical modelling of high strength materials. The design curves in EN 13445 now differ significantly from those presented in the British national code that preceded it, namely PD 5500. As a result higher minimum Charpy test temperatures (T27J) are found using the EN 13445 procedure in comparison to those derived using the PD 5500 procedure. While the PD 5500 design curves have been validated experimentally it is generally accepted that they are overly conservative. This inherent conservatism in PD 5500 may account for some of the differences in the minimum Charpy test temperature, the analytical model used to generate the EN 13445 design curves however was validated with data from high strength steels only (σy ≥ 420 MPa). It is not clear that the results can be applied directly to low/medium strength materials. This work identifies some of the disparities between the EN 13445 and PD 5500 procedures, for low temperature applications. A programme of work, at Imperial College London, is described. This programme of work, currently underway, is aimed at addressing concerns about the robustness of the updated EN 13445 design curves, especially for lower-strength steels in the as-welded condition.

Electron Beam Damage of Biomolecules Assessed by Energy Loss Spectroscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
M. Isaacson ◽  
M.L. Collins ◽  
M. Listvan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Atom Migration ◽  
Beam Damage

Over the past five years it has become evident that radiation damage provides the fundamental limit to the study of blomolecular structure by electron microscopy. In some special cases structural determinations at very low doses can be achieved through superposition techniques to study periodic (Unwin & Henderson, 1975) and nonperiodic (Saxton & Frank, 1977) specimens. In addition, protection methods such as glucose embedding (Unwin & Henderson, 1975) and maintenance of specimen hydration at low temperatures (Taylor & Glaeser, 1976) have also shown promise. Despite these successes, the basic nature of radiation damage in the electron microscope is far from clear. In general we cannot predict exactly how different structures will behave during electron Irradiation at high dose rates. Moreover, with the rapid rise of analytical electron microscopy over the last few years, nvicroscopists are becoming concerned with questions of compositional as well as structural integrity. It is important to measure changes in elemental composition arising from atom migration in or loss from the specimen as a result of electron bombardment.

Structural integrity after cold storage of human epidermal model in hypothermosol: A correlative ultrastructural and fluorescent assay

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
Henry H. Eichelberger ◽  
John G. Baust ◽  
Robert G. Van Buskirk
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Ruthenium Tetroxide ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Before And After

For research in cell differentiation and in vitro toxicology it is essential to provide a natural state of cell structure as a benchmark for interpreting results. Hypothermosol (Cryomedical Sciences, Rockville, MD) has proven useful in insuring the viability of synthetic human epidermis during cold-storage and in maintaining the epidermis’ ability to continue to differentiate following warming.Human epidermal equivalent, EpiDerm (MatTek Corporation, Ashland, MA) consisting of fully differentiated stratified human epidermal cells were grown on a microporous membrane. EpiDerm samples were fixed before and after cold-storage (4°C) for 5 days in Hypothermosol or skin culture media (MatTek Corporation) and allowed to recover for 7 days at 37°C. EpiDerm samples were fixed 1 hour in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2). A secondary fixation with 0.2% ruthenium tetroxide (Polysciences, Inc., Warrington, PA) in sodium cacodylate was carried out for 3 hours at 4°C. Other samples were similarly fixed, but with 1% Osmium tetroxide in place of ruthenium tetroxide. Samples were dehydrated through a graded acetone series, infiltrated with Spurrs resin (Polysciences Inc.) and polymerized at 70°C.

High-Resolution electron crystallography of the light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b protein complex from chloroplast membranes

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 610-610
Author(s):  
Werner Kühlbrandt ◽  
Da Neng Wang ◽  
K.H. Downing
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Protein Complex ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Lhc Ii ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Difference Fourier ◽  
2D Crystals

The light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b protein complex (LHC-II) is the most abundant membrane protein in the chloroplasts of green plants where it functions as a molecular antenna of solar energy for photosynthesis. We have grown two-dimensional (2d) crystals of the purified, detergent-solubilized LHC-II . The crystals which measured 5 to 10 μm in diameter were stabilized for electron microscopy by washing with a 0.5% solution of tannin. Electron diffraction patterns of untilted 2d crystals cooled to 130 K showed sharp spots to 3.1 Å resolution. Spot-scan images of 2d crystals were recorded at 160 K with the Berkeley microscope . Images of untilted crystals were processed, using the unbending procedure by Henderson et al . A projection map of the complex at 3.7Å resolution was generated from electron diffraction amplitudes and high-resolution phases obtained by image processing .A difference Fourier analysis with the same image phases and electron diffraction amplitudes recorded of frozen, hydrated specimens showed no significant differences in the 3.7Å projection map. Our tannin treatment therefore does not affect the structural integrity of the complex.

Test review: Personal Preference Schedule, Manual (Rev.).

1959 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-167
Author(s):  
Laurence Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Personal Preference ◽  
Test Review

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY OF SPERMATOZOA IN EPIDIDYMAL, EJACULATED AND CRYOPRESERVED SEMEN OF STALLIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-281
Author(s):  
M.M. Atroshchenko ◽  
◽  
V.V. Kalaschnikov ◽  
Ye.Ye. Bragina ◽  
A.M. Zaitsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Structural Integrity

A philosophy for structural integrity of large panel buildings

PCI Journal ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Fintel ◽  
Donald M. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Large Panel

Identification of Possible High Integrity Containers for Low-Level Nuclear Waste Disposal

1981 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Burial Site ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Integrity ◽  
Low Level Radioactive Waste ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTIncreased concern by the State of South Carolina over the condition and capacity of the low-level radioactive waste burial site at Barnwell has prompted them to promulgate new regulations on waste burial containers. As of September 30, 1981, ion exchange resin and filter media waste with an activity of 1 μCi/cc or greater and with isotopes with halflives greater than five years disposed at Barnwell shall be solidified or confined in a “high integrity container”. The materials and designs of these containers are required to provide waste isolation from the environment for a period of 300 years and provide the structural integrity specified in 49 CFR 173.398(b). HITTMAN has been active in the design and development of containers suitable for this purpose with this paper detailing the analyses involved. Material selections were limited to stainless steel, fiberglass, and polyethylenes. Structural concerns focused on overpressure requirements, drop-testing requirements, and lifting capabilities. With a lifetime dose of up to 108 rads, the possibilities of radiation damage were considered. Preliminary selection of polyethylene was based on satisfactory resolution of these issues and economic factors.

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