Don’t Ask, Do(n’t) Tell: Homeschooling in Hong Kong

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-319
Author(s):  
Esther ERLINGS
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Home Education ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Compulsory Schooling ◽  
History Of ◽  
1997 Handover ◽  
The Government

AbstractHong Kong’s history of compulsory schooling (as opposed to education) commenced under colonial rule and has been maintained by the local government following the 1997 Handover. Beyond the exception of “reasonable cause,” homeschooling, or elective home education, is in principle prohibited under the laws of Hong Kong. However, there is evidence of a growing homeschooling community in Hong Kong that relies on loopholes in the law and an apparent de facto government policy to operate. This article sets out the background, legal framework, and homeschooling practice in Hong Kong. It criticizes the current situation from the perspectives of legal certainty and children’s rights. The author suggests that the government should take action to devise clear laws and public policy in relation to elective home education.

Hong Kong’s response to COVID-19: a glance to the control measures and their enforcement

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Ki Lawrence Ho ◽  
Ying-Tung Chan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control ◽  
Viral Outbreak

Purpose This study aims to examine Hong Kong’s responses to COVID-19, arguing that Hong Kong’s relatively low infection rate is due to self-discipline of citizens together with the enforcement measures introduced by the government. Design/methodology/approach This study reviewed the government policy announcements and the prevailing scholarly analyses on Hong Kong society during COVID-19. Findings It starts by examining the partial lockdown and control measures since mid-January, and the roles of different government units in enforcement were examined and assessed. Suppression of viral outbreak in Hong Kong should primarily be attributed to the appropriate lockdown and quarantine actions of the government. Originality/value However, outperformance of the frontline professionals and the highly aware, self-disciplined and mutually aided citizens in the community are also the key to the “interim success” by June 2020 in the highly accessible and densely populated city.

scholarly journals PROBLEMATIKA PENERAPAN PIDANA MATI DALAM KONTEKS PENEGAKAN HUKUM DI INDONESIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Slamet Tri Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government

Law enforcement without direction and not based on the three pillars of the justice of law, legal certainty and the benefits to society can break the law anyway even violate human rights. As one of the policies of the government that are not considered mencerminakan the values of justice and disturbing for the people, the government policy that acts of omission or delay in the application of the death penalty. This research is a normative legal normative juridical approach. The data collected is secondary data were analyzed using qualitative methods juridical analysis. Based on these results it can be concluded that in the application of the death penalty there are serious legal issues, this is due to government policies that commit omission or delay in the execution of the death penalty is a violation of human rights as stipulated in Article 28 of the 1945 Constitution. Keywords: Death penalty, Justice, Legal Certainty, Law

The Principle of Properness

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Henk Addink
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
Natural Justice ◽  
Human Rights Treaties ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legitimate Expectations ◽  
International Human ◽  
The Government

In general, the (sub)principles of properness have (in most countries) the longest history of the six principles of good governance. These principles were developed because the traditional formal approaches to legality were too narrow for adequate control of the government. These principles were often developed by the judiciary as unwritten principles, as well as by the ombudsman or as policy principles in policy papers. Several of these principles have been codified in the laws of different countries. In many countries, the process of codification of unwritten norms is at a different stage, but the foundations of these principles are often comparable. Different courts developed a rather sophisticated way of protecting the rights of individuals: sometimes by developing unwritten principles or by having a more extensive interpretation of the law. The lines of development of the principles of properness were illegality, irrationality, and then impropriety. The following step was the specification of (sub)principles, such as equality, legal certainty, carefulness, and motivation. Each of these categories was specified by means of a principles-based approach and a rights-based review. This development sometimes went faster under the influence of international human rights treaties. However, the innovation of judicial review went through by formal and material principles. In the principles of properness, we distinguish the following elements: formal carefulness (hearing as part of natural justice), abuse of power (abuse of discretion), rationality (substantial carefulness), proportionality, legal certainty, legitimate expectations, and equality and reasoning.

The Kalanga in Historical Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thembani Dube
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

The Kalanga are one of the ethnic groups found mostly in the Bulilima and Mangwe districts, in the southwestern parts of Zimbabwe. Although the origins of the Kalanga date back to a thousand years, it is important to note that Kalanga ethnic identity is a socially constructed phenomenon, which continues to be negotiated. Therefore, it is vital to note that dynamism, flexibility, and malleable are some of the attributes of this identity. As such, Kalanga history and identity, which has been a product of various processes, such as precolonial political and social organization, colonial rule and the postcolonial Zimbabwean state, will be sought after. Central to these processes are actors such as Kalanga chiefs, missionaries, colonial administrators, Kalanga elites, women, and the ordinary people, who played a significant role in shaping and articulating Kalanga identity at different historical epochs. Moreover, markers of Kalanga identity such as language, Ngwali/Mwali religion, chieftaincy, and histories of origin have been used to (re)construct Kalanga identity. Nonetheless, the heterogeneity of Kalanga people and the complexity involved in the intricate processes of identity formation will be acknowledged. In postcolonial Zimbabwe there has been rising interest from Kalanga elites who have lobbied the government to recognize the Kalanga. This activism is inspired by perceived marginalization of the Kalanga and other minority groups, which has been enforced through monolithic linguistic policies, orchestrated through government favoritism toward the so-called majority languages, such as Shona and IsiNdebele. However, the interaction and cordial relations among the Kalanga and other ethnic groups found in Zimbabwe will also be acknowledged. Nonetheless, there is no exhaustive account of this group as scholars continue to engage with them, hence contributing to always expand the different interpretations on these people. It is therefore hoped that the history of this particular group will be chronicled and perhaps directions for future research on the Kalanga pointed out. In order to fully explore this historical account, various sources that have been used in the study of Kalanga history will be critically engaged.

State Formation and Education in Hong Kong

Asian Survey ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Lau
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Educational Practices ◽  
National Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Education In Hong Kong

This article examines the connection between pro-Beijing schools and national education, focusing on the shaping of national education in the history of Hong Kong. The study also illuminates the similarities in national educational practices between the government-approved post-1997 model and the traditions of these pro-Beijing schools.

The International Position of Hong Kong

1983 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 456-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucian W. Pye
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rule Set

Uncertainty about Hong Kong's future has been aggravated by lack of precedent. When before has there been an established date of termination of colonial rule set by treaty? Even more confounding is that the history of the Crown Colony provides so little guidance as to its future. The usual practice in facing uncertainty is to look to the past to chart trends, identify propensities and make projections. All of these standard methods are, however, to no avail with respect to the future of Hong Kong. We are left to the mercy of that purported ancient Chinese saying, “Prediction is exceedingly difficult, especially with respect to the future.”

scholarly journals Legal Policy of The Government of Indonesia for the Protection of Non-Permanent Workers’ Rights

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Jelly Leviza ◽  
T. Keizerina Devi
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Legal Policy ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Employment Agreement ◽  
The Government ◽  
Permanent Workers ◽  
Ministerial Decree

Legal protection against a daily work is very urgent today given the increasing number of them. Governments have an obligation to ensure the protection of the rights of them. This study discusses two subjects. The first is the inventory of labour rights according to the constitution and rules of normative and the implementation for daily work. The second is the substance of the government’s policy to accommodate the protection of the rights of workers based on the Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration Republic of Indonesia Number: Kep.100 / Men/VI/2004 about the Provisions in the Implementation of Given Time Employment Agreement. The purpose of this study was to determine the protection of the constitutional and normative rights for daily workers. Next to determine the legal policy of the Indonesian government in providing protection to daily workers through Ministerial Decree No. 100/2004. Normative methods used to analyze the legal norms applicable in Indonesia governing the protection of daily workers. Based on this method, the portion of the protection of the rights of workers will be known. The results of this research are that the rights of an employee still do not fulfil the rights of workers constitutively and normatively. Government policy in the protection of daily workers was still not enough to provide legal certainty, usefulness, and fairness for workers. The government’s policy regarding the rights of daily workers still needs to be improved in order to accommodate the rights of daily workers.

scholarly journals THE NASTY WAR: ORGANISED VIOLENCE DURING THE ANYA-NYA INSURGENCY IN SOUTH SUDAN, 1963–72

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (01) ◽  
pp. 87-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
ØYSTEIN H. ROLANDSEN ◽  
NICKI KINDERSLEY
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Local History ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Popular Imagination ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mass Displacement ◽  
The Government

AbstractIn 1963, unrest in Sudan's three southern provinces (today's South Sudan) escalated into a civil war between the government and the Anya-Nya rebellion. The subsequent eight years of violence has hitherto largely escaped scrutiny from academic researchers and has remained a subject of popular imagination and politicised narratives. This article demonstrates how this history can be explored with greater nuance, thereby establishing a local history of a postcolonial civil war. Focusing on the garrison town of Torit, our research reveals a localised and personalised rebellion, made up of a constellation of parochial armed groups. This new history also demonstrates how these parties built upon experiences from imperial conquest and colonial rule when entrenching violent wartime practices such as mass displacement and encampment, the raising of local militias and intelligence networks, and the deliberate starvation of civilians — all common methods in subsequent wars.

scholarly journals Recovery of tropical marine benthos after a trawl ban demonstrates linkage between abiotic and biotic changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Kenneth M. Y. Leung ◽  
Yik-Hei Sung ◽  
David Dudgeon ◽  
Jian-Wen Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Benthic Ecosystems

AbstractBottom trawling, which is highly detrimental to seabed habitats, has been banned in some jurisdictions to mitigate the problems of habitat destruction and overfishing. However, most reports of ecosystem responses to trawling impacts originate from temperate latitudes, focusing on commercial species, and recovery of invertebrate macrobenthos from trawl ban has hardly ever been studied in the tropics. In Hong Kong (lat. 22.4°N), a history of intensive trawling with various types of gears has long degraded coastal ecosystems. To facilitate the recovery of fisheries resources and associated benthic ecosystems, the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region implemented a territory-wide trawl ban on December 31, 2012. Comparison of surveys conducted in June 2012 (before the trawl ban) and June 2015 (2.5 years after the ban) revealed higher organic contents in sediment and lower suspended-solid loads in water column, as well as a significant increase in site-based abundance, species richness, functional diversity and among-site similarity of macrobenthos after the trawl ban. Our results suggest that the imposition of a trawl ban can be an effective measure for biodiversity conservation in tropical coastal waters.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENANGANAN KONFLIK ANTAR ORGANISASI KEMASYARAKATAN DI SUMATERA UTARA (MEDAN) DAN JAWA TENGAH (SURAKARTA)

Jurnal HAM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Denny Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Resource Mobilization ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
Fundamental Freedoms ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
North Sumatra

AbstrakOrganisasi Kemasyarakatan hadir, tumbuh dan berkembang sejalan dengan sejarah perkembangan bangsa. Dalam sejarah perjuangan kemerdekaan negara Republik Indonesia, Ormas merupakan wadah utama dalam pergerakan kemerdekaan, pada satu sisi, Ormas merupakan sebuah bentuk kebebasan fundamental yang dimiliki oleh setiap individu baik dalam kerangka etika maupun legal, yang dilindungi dan dijamin pelaksanaannya oleh negara. Namun pada sisi lain, pelaksanaan kebebasan fundamental tersebut justru ditengarai memiliki dampak negatif, yakni menabrak batas-batas keajegan dan ketertiban sosial masyarakat Indonesia.Penelitian ini melihat kebijakan pemerintah daerah dalam mengatasi konflik antar organisasi massa. Adapun pokok masalah ini diurai dalam beberapa pertanyaan, yaitu bagaimanakah dinamika konflik antar Ormas yang terjadi dan apa saja faktor penyebabnya, Kebijakan apa saja yang telah keluarkan oleh Pemerintah Daerah dalam rangka pengananan konflik antar Ormas, Bagaimana pengaruh kebijakan Pemda terhadap pengananan konflik antar Ormas.Penelitian ini dianallisis dengan menggunakan teori mobilisasi sumber daya dan analisis circle of conflict, untuk mendapatkan jawaban bagaimana Konflik Ormas yang terjadi di Sumatera Utara dan Jawa tengah (Solo) dan bagaimana penanganan konflik oleh Pemerintah di kedua lokasi tersebut.Penelitian ini menilai bahwa Pemda masih secara parsial menangani potensi konflik antar Ormas. Kebijakan yang ada masih bersifat administratif ketimbang sepenuhnya memberdayakan Ormas dalam mencapai tujuan bersama.Kata kunci: Pemerintah, konflik, OrmasAbstractCivil society organizations present, grow and develop in line with the historical development of the nation. In the history of the struggle for freedom in Indonesia, CSOs are the main container in the independence movement, mass is a form of the fundamental freedoms of every individual in both the ethical and legal framework, which is protected and guaranteed execution by the state. the implementation of the fundamental freedoms it is considered to have a negative impact, namely crashing boundaries and social order of Indonesian society.The research looked at government policy in resolving the conflict between CSOs. As this subject is broken down into several questions, namely how the dynamics of the conflict between CSOs happened and what are the causes, any policy that has been issued by the local government in order from administration of conflict between CSOs, How to influence the Government's policies from administration of conflicts among CSOs.This study in anallisis by using the theory of resource mobilization and the circle of conflict analysis, to get the answer to how conflicts CSOs that happened in North Sumatra and Central Java (Solo) and how to deal with conflict by the Government at both locations.The study assessed that the existing policy is still an administrative nature rather than fully empowering organizations to achieve common goals.Keywords: government, conflict, CBOs

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