Inventorying St Alban’s College Library in 1767: The Process and its Records

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-189
Author(s):  
Marta Revilla-Rivas

St Alban’s English College in Valladolid, established at the height of the Catholic Reformation for the training of English secular clergy under the rule of Spanish Jesuits, underwent an alteration in its management after the expulsion of the religious order from Spain in 1767. As part of this process, numerous valuable archival records were produced which have not, thus far, been studied. This article analyses a portion of these documents: the surviving manuscript inventories of the library. It also considers the series of governmental orders issued by the Spanish authorities as part of the process of expulsion and examines how these orders shaped the production of the library inventories. It offers an overview of the contents of the catalogues, with descriptions of some of those specific book entries that make these inventories unique. The study of these archival documents provides insight into, and understanding of, a key moment in the College history: its shift from Spanish Jesuit control to an English secular one and the difficulties that the Spanish authorities faced because of this change in the College’s national identity.

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Szto

Arguably, two aspects of national identity that Canadians are most recognized for are hockey and multiculturalism; yet, few scholars have examined the implications of Canada’s mythological and nostalgic hockey culture for immigrants from various racial and ethnic backgrounds. This analysis uses Twitter to gain uncensored insight into how Hockey Night in Canada Punjabi (HNIC Punjabi) is received by the general Canadian public. It is argued that when people of color become visible in traditionally white arenas (such as hockey) some Canadians are flummoxed by the sight of multiculturalism, while not necessarily being opposed to the idea of it. Laughter was also observed as a common reaction to HNIC Punjabi; consequently, despite the promise of a multicultural society, Punjabi Sikh Canadians are situated as paradoxical to hockey in Canada.


Author(s):  
Christopher Mudaliar

This chapter focuses on the role that constitutions play in national identity, particularly in states that are recently independent and constrained by a colonial legacy. It uses Fiji as a case study, exploring how British colonialism influenced conceptions of Fijian national identity in the constitutional texts of 1970, 1990 and 1997. The chapter explores the indigenous ethno-nationalist ideals that underpinned these constitutions, which led to the privileging of indigenous Fijian identity within the wider national identity. However, in 2013, Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama introduced a new constitution which shifted away from previous ethno-nationalist underpinnings towards a more inclusive national identity through the promotion of a civic nationalist agenda. In doing so, Bainimarama’s goal of reducing ethnic conflict has seen a constitutional re-imagining of Fijian identity, which includes the introduction of new national symbols, and a new electoral system, alongside equal citizenry clauses within the Constitution. This study offers a unique insight into power and identity within post-colonial island states.


Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Ivan Laković ◽  
Aleksandra Kapetanović ◽  
Olga Pelcer-Vujačić ◽  
Tatjana Koprivica

The study gives an insight into the domain of seasonal mountain settlements for summer cattle grazing (katuns), characteristic for the mountainous areas in the Mediterranean basin. The area of the Kuči Mountain in Montenegro was chosen for the case study. The area contains numerous characteristics exemplary for the topic—193 katuns with more than 2900 belonging housing and subsidiary objects. The presented results originate from the 3-year-long investigations, where the data obtained from archival documents were combined with those acquired through intensive field work and visits to each and every katun determined and documented within the area. The density of these settlements, as well as their architectural and constructional characteristics, show the high level of importance they had for the local population up until the last third of 20th century. Currently, changed sociodemographic trends rendered their intensive traditional use obsolete, but used building techniques, their internal organization and organic connection to the surrounding mountain landscape, have nominated them for important part of region’s historical heritage.


2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-229
Author(s):  
Benedict Taylor

Abstract Samuel Barber's ““lyric rhapsody”” for soprano and orchestra, Knoxville: Summer of 1915 (1947), is one of his most celebrated and complicated pieces. The most ostensibly backward-looking, nostalgic work of this ““conservative,”” neoromantic composer, Knoxville is yet atypical of Barber in that by most accounts it is the most American piece in an oeuvre otherwise rarely seen as touched by national flavor. Dating from an era just recovering from the cataclysm of World War II, Knoxville can be seen as conjuring a gentler age, a state of lost innocence, which as its subsequent reception has showed proved an enduring site of cultural memory. And this work that appeals to so many as an embodiment of collective national identity is simultaneously wrapped up in a highly personal response by Barber to a text of James Agee with a deeply autobiographical meaning for author and composer. Knoxville: Summer of 1915 offers a rich source of insight into Barber's music and aesthetics, in its constructions of memory and nostalgia at both a personal, autobiographical level and broader cultural one. Excavating these layers reveals a fuller picture of the composer and what his music has been taken to mean, exposing the relationship between Barber's private world and wider cultural movements and his often understated politics.


Author(s):  
Sergei I. Zhuk

This paper explores the connections between cultural consumption, ideology, and identity formation in one particular city of the Soviet Ukraine during the Brezhnev era before perestroika. This industrial city, Dniepropetrovsk, was closed to foreigner visits by the KGB in 1959 because it became the location for one of the biggest missile factories in the Soviet Union. Given its closed, sheltered existence, Dniepropetrovsk became a unique Soviet social and cultural laboratory in which various patterns of late socialism collided with the new Western cultural infl uences. Using archival documents, periodicals, personal diaries and interviews as historical sources, this paper focuses on how various aspects of cultural consumption (reading books, listening and dancing to Western music) among the youth of the Soviet “closed city” contributed to various forms of cultural identifi cation, which eventually became elements of post-Soviet Ukrainian national identity.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Daria A. Korotkova ◽  

This article is dedicated to the research of unknown fragments of national Belarusian emigrant groups’ history. Soviet diplomatic plans to establish ties with the local Belarusian population and to expand Communist propaganda in Latvia required contact with the leaders of the Belarusian movement, including Ezavitau. The main subject is the activity of Kastus Ezavitau in the middle of the 1920s. There was no possibility for Belarusian activists in the region of Latgale, where most Latvian Belarusians lived, to avoid collaboration with the Soviet permanent mission because of a lack of money and the discrimination policy of Latvian authorities. Local Belarusian activists had to fi ght for infl uence over the Latgale peasants, who often could not yet decide on their national identity, with the much more active and infl uential Polish and Russian diasporas. The Soviet mission provided fi nancial support to the press, and for school education in Belarusian, but forced them to carry out their demands in return. Analysis of a number of archival documents shows that, contrary to the widespread idea of his pro-Soviet mood, this collaboration was involuntary and undesirable for Ezavitau during this period, as we may see in the documents. He tried to provide more independent activity, such as the creation of the Belarusian party, but was permanently stopped by his super- visors in the Soviet mission. Soviet diplomats were not satisfi ed by collaboration with Ezavitau either but had no other candidate with whom to establish a permanent contact.


2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Leandro Lente de Andrade ◽  
Marcos Roberto de Faria

Tendo em vista a dimensão educacional dos jesuítas na Europa e a expressiva ação dos homens de preto nas terras além-mar, marcando por mais de dois séculos o período colonial brasílico, o artigo analisa dois documentos do fundador da ordem religiosa Companhia de Jesus, Inácio de Loyola: a Autobiografia e os Exercícios Espirituais; e, também, as cartas dos primeiros jesuítas em missão na América portuguesa do século XVI. Nesse sentido, é tomada a característica pedagógica jesuítica do exemplo. A Autobiografia é interpretada como uma obra elaborada com a finalidade de expor um exemplo a ser seguido e, portanto, norteadora do modus procedendi jesuítico. Os Exercícios Espirituais como fruto dessa pedagogia, como um manual de imersão mística possibilitando a conversão e a alteração radical na conduta moral, religiosa e prática do exercitante por meio do autoexame. Assim, os missionários pioneiros reproduzem a fundamental importância da ação exemplar como meio de ensino. No entanto, o embate com os maus exemplos dos colonos e do clero secular parecem desfavorecer as investidas dos padres, fazendo com que o desafio da conversão do gentio tenha dificuldades além das relações entre jesuítas e nativos.EXAMPLE PEDAGOGY: Loyola's autobiography and Missions in 16th century Portuguese AmericaABSTRACTConsidering the educational dimension of the Jesuits in Europe and the expressive action of the men in black in the lands beyond the sea, marking for more than two centuries the Brazilian colonial period, the article analyzed two documents of the founder of the religious order Company of Jesus, Ignatius of Loyola: the Autobiography and the Spiritual Exercises; and also the letters of the first Jesuits on mission in Portuguese America of the sixteenth century. In this sense, the Jesuit pedagogical characteristic of the example is taken. The Autobiography is interpreted as a work elaborated with the purpose of exposing an example to be followed and, therefore, guiding the Jesuit modus procedendi. The Spiritual Exercises as a result of this pedagogy, as a manual of mystical immersion enabling the conversion and radical change in the moral, religious and practical conduct of the exerciser through self-examination. Thus, the pioneer missionaries reproduce the fundamental importance of exemplary action as a means of teaching. However, the clash with the bad examples of settlers and secular clergy seems to disadvantage the priests' onslaughts, making the challenge of the conversion of the gentile difficult beyond relations between Jesuits and natives.Keywords: Jesuits. Pedagogy of the Example. Autobiography. Spiritual Exercises. Letters. Missions.PEDAGOGÍA DEL EJEMPLO: la autobiografía y las misiones de Loyola y las misiones en América Portuguesa del siglo XVIRESUMENTomando en cuenta la dimensión educativa de los jesuitas en Europa y la expresiva acción de los hombres de negro en las tierras más extremas del mar, marcando por más de los siglos el período colonial brasilero, el artículo analiza dos documentos del fundador del orden religioso Compañía de Jesús, Ignacio de Loyola: la Autobiografía y los Ejercicios Espirituales; y también las las cartas de los primeros jesuitas en misión en la América portuguesa del siglo XVI. En ese sentido, se toma la característica pedagógica jesuítica del ejemplo. La Autobiografía es interpretada como una obra elaborada con la finalidad de exponer un ejemplo a seguir y, por lo tanto, orientadora del modus procedendi jesuítico. Los Ejercicios Espirituales como fruto de esta pedagogía, como un manual de inmersión mística posibilitando la conversión y la alteración radical en la conducta moral, religiosa y práctica del ejercitante por medio del autoexamen. Así, los misioneros pioneros reproducen la fundamental importancia de la acción ejemplar como medio de enseñanza. Sin embargo, el embate con los malos ejemplos de los colonos y del clero secular parece desfavorecer las embestidas de los sacerdotes, haciendo que el desafío de la conversión del gentil tenga dificultades más allá de las relaciones entre jesuitas y nativos.Palabras clave:Jesuitas. Pedagogía del Ejemplo. Autobiografía. Ejercicios Espirituales. Cartas. Misiones.


2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Kelly

AbstractFrom the beginning of the seventeenth century, Englishmen professed as Benedictine monks in mainland Europe began returning to their homeland. Until that point, the Catholic mission to England had been run by secular clergy and Jesuits, relationships between the two clerical parties growing increasingly troubled over how the Catholic Reformation should be implemented in England. The arrival of the Benedictines saw the offering of a “third way” to England's proscribed Catholics. Yet with the various missions dependent on lay Catholic resources and support both in England and in mainland Europe, it was necessary for the Benedictines to justify their presence in this often fraught environment. As such, they forcefully laid claim to contemporary English Benedictine martyrs against rival claims by other clerical groups. These battles for validation reached a new level of intensity following James I's serving of the Oath of Allegiance. This article explores how competing groups of English missionary clergy sought to justify their presence in England. Taking the case of two conflicting images of the executed George Gervase, it argues that the contest for martyrs sheds new light on the ways in which martyrdom was exploited by different groups; it also contributes to debates about the Oath of Allegiance, which was threatening to derail the wider Catholic Reformation across mainland Europe. By placing these clashes over English religious identity in both domestic and international contexts, the article makes evident that events on the peripheries of mainland Europe affected discussions at its center.


Rusin ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 111-131
Author(s):  
I. Szakál ◽  

The autumn of 1918 brought the end of WWI. ended. The Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed, the Aster Revolution ran its course in Hungary, Archduke Joseph appointed Count Károlyi Mihály, head of the Hungarian National Council the Prime Minister. The government of the Hungarian People’s Republic, led by M. Karoya, had its own ideas on the prospects of the north-eastern counties of Hungary. The Károlyi government entrusted Oszkár Jászi, a minister without portfolio, a well-known social scientist, an expert in ethnic issues to elaborate the Hungarian nationalities’ autonomy. On December 21, 1918, the People’s Law Nr. X was adopted. It provided for the creation of Ruszka Krajna autonomous region on the territory of Ung, Bereg, Ugocsa and Máramaros (Maramureș) counties inhabited by the Rusins. Historians are aware of the attempt of the Hungarian People’s Republic to create Rusinian autonomy in the late 1918 and early 1919. However, there are archival documents that can help to supplement our previous knowledge of the issue, providing an insight into the circumstances of the creation of Ruszka Krajna and how real the chances of autonomy were. The article attempts to reveal the plans of the Hungarian government regarding the Rusins in 1918–1919, to derscribe the activities of the Ministry of Ruszka Krajna and the Governor’s Office, and to specify the political and social circumstances that influenced these events. In the course of the research, the author first studied the little-known documents of of Ruszka Krajna in Munkács, the Greek Catholic Diocese of Munkács, and the Rusinian People’s Council of Hungary.


2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-151
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Takovski

Ethnic humour research has mostly conceived and studied ethnic humour as a humour that sets boundaries between jokers and joke targets and that ridicules the targeted ethnicities by assigning them (non) ethnic, universal qualities like stupidity, cunningness or asexuality. By relying on such universal categories this approach has not produced a satisfactory account of how humour can function as a mode of expressing, negotiating and even questioning ethnic identity. This can be accomplished by considering ethnically specific joke texts and focusing on the discourse of the joke target and his response to joking, rather than the joke text itself. To validate the claim, the study will first draws on theories of ethnic and national identity as to establish a workable understanding of ethnic identity constituents to be able to recognize and discuss their emergence in the material selected. It will then examine how and to what success the question of ethnic identity enactment through humour has been dealt by the ethnic humour theory and by some newer studies of the identity humour relation. After which, I will present the research carried out towards testing the hypothesis that is the discourse of the joke target that provides a more comprehensible insight into the question of ethnic identity display through humour. For this purpose, a corpus of little over than two hundred ethnic jokes coming from several Balkan countries was collected and two questionnaires were conducted in the neighbouring countries of Macedonia and Bulgaria.


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