Phylogenetic relationships of Ouranopithecus macedoniensis (Mammalia, Primates, Hominoidea, Hominidae) of the late Miocene deposits of Central Macedonia (Greece)

2001 ◽  
pp. 254-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis de Bonis ◽  
George D. Koufos
Keyword(s):  
Late Miocene ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships

scholarly journals Unique Short-Faced Miocene Seal Discovered in Grytsiv (Ukraine)

Zoodiversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-154
Author(s):  
I. A. Koretsky ◽  
S. J. Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Late Miocene ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
First Record ◽  
Cranial Morphology ◽  
Sea Otter ◽  
Terrestrial Mammal ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Rostral Portion

Numerous Miocene terrestrial mammal fossils have been discovered at the Grytsiv locality of Ukraine, but this is the first record of a fossil marine mammal at this site. Morphological analysis of the rostral portion of this middle-late Miocene (12.3–11.8 Ma) partial skull suggests that it belongs to the subfamily Phocinae. The small size and cranial morphology of this partial skull is compared with recent and fossil representatives of the extant subfamily Phocinae and the extinct subfamily Devinophocinae. Extinct and modern representatives of the extant subfamilies Cystophorinae and Monachinae were not incorporated in this study due to their extremely large size in comparison to this new find. This newly described skull belonged to a small-sized seal (likely similar in size to the modern sea otter based on the width of the rostrum) with an extremely short rostrum and several other diagnostic characters that differ from all other fossil and extant phocines. Due to the lack of preservation and fragility of fossil seal skulls, less than 20 have been described so far. This new skull is yet another example of an ancestral seal, supporting the suggestion that modern seals have become larger over their evolutionary history. Overall, any cranial information on fossil true seals is extremely important since it allows resolving contentious phylogenetic relationships between extinct and extant representatives of this group.

scholarly journals Reassessment of the phylogenetic relationships of the late Miocene apes Hispanopithecus and Rudapithecus based on vestibular morphology

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. e2015215118
Author(s):  
Alessandro Urciuoli ◽  
Clément Zanolli ◽  
Sergio Almécija ◽  
Amélie Beaudet ◽  
Jean Dumoncel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Miocene ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Great Apes ◽  
Great Ape ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Morphometric Analyses

Late Miocene great apes are key to reconstructing the ancestral morphotype from which earliest hominins evolved. Despite consensus that the late Miocene dryopith great apes Hispanopithecus laietanus (Spain) and Rudapithecus hungaricus (Hungary) are closely related (Hominidae), ongoing debate on their phylogenetic relationships with extant apes (stem hominids, hominines, or pongines) complicates our understanding of great ape and human evolution. To clarify this question, we rely on the morphology of the inner ear semicircular canals, which has been shown to be phylogenetically informative. Based on microcomputed tomography scans, we describe the vestibular morphology of Hispanopithecus and Rudapithecus, and compare them with extant hominoids using landmark-free deformation-based three-dimensional geometric morphometric analyses. We also provide critical evidence about the evolutionary patterns of the vestibular apparatus in living and fossil hominoids under different phylogenetic assumptions for dryopiths. Our results are consistent with the distinction of Rudapithecus and Hispanopithecus at the genus rank, and further support their allocation to the Hominidae based on their derived semicircular canal volumetric proportions. Compared with extant hominids, the vestibular morphology of Hispanopithecus and Rudapithecus most closely resembles that of African apes, and differs from the derived condition of orangutans. However, the vestibular morphologies reconstructed for the last common ancestors of dryopiths, crown hominines, and crown hominids are very similar, indicating that hominines are plesiomorphic in this regard. Therefore, our results do not conclusively favor a hominine or stem hominid status for the investigated dryopiths.

Total evidence analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of bandicoots and bilbies (Marsupialia: Peramelemorphia): reassessment of two species and description of a new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4378 (2) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENNY J. TRAVOUILLON ◽  
MATTHEW J. PHILLIPS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Early Pliocene ◽  
Evidence Analysis ◽  
A New Species

The phylogenetic relationships of bandicoots and bilbies have been somewhat problematic, with conflicting results between morphological work and molecular data. This conflict makes it difficult to assess the taxonomic status of species and subspecies within this order, and also prevents accurate evolutionary assessments. Here, we present a new total evidence analysis, combining the latest cranio-dental morphological matrix containing both modern and fossil taxa, with molecular data from GenBank. Several subspecies were scored in the morphological dataset to match the molecular data available. Both parsimony and Bayesian analyses were performed, giving similar topologies except for the position of four fossil taxa. Total evidence dating places the peramelemorphian crown origin close to the Oligocene/Miocene boundary, and the radiations of most modern genera beginning in the Late Miocene or Early Pliocene. Our results show that some species and subspecies require taxonomic reassessment, and are revised here. We also describe a new, extinct species from the Nullarbor region. This suggests that the number of recently extinct peramelemorphian species is likely to further increase. 

scholarly journals Late Miocene diversification and phylogenetic relationships of the huge toads in the Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758) species group (Anura: Bufonidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 787-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natan Medeiros Maciel ◽  
Rosane Garcia Collevatti ◽  
Guarino Rinaldi Colli ◽  
Elisabeth Ferroni Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Late Miocene ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Rhinella Marina

Validation of the species Stephanomys progressus, a murid (Rodentia) from the early Pleistocene of Spain

2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raef Minwer-Barakat ◽  
Antonio García-Alix ◽  
Elvira Martín Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Mammal Faunas

The genus Stephanomys (Muridae, Rodentia) is one of the most common elements in the late Miocene to Early Pleistocene mammal faunas from the Ibero-Occitan region. Its geographic distribution is limited to this area with only two mentions in the late Miocene of Italy (de Giuli, 1989) and Algeria (Coiffait et al., 1985). The genus has been subject of numerous studies, some of them suggesting different interpretations on the phylogenetic relationships between the various described species (Gmelig-Meyling and Michaux, 1973; Cordy, 1978; Adrover, 1986; Bachelet and Castillo-Ruiz, 1990; Aguilar et al., 1993). The most extensive and significant study of the genus is the Ph.D. dissertation of Cordy (1976), who studied in detail several samples of Stephanomys, analyzed the changes observed in successive populations and defined four species (S. medius, S. michauxi, S. thaleri and S. progressus), which are considered as nomina nuda because this work was never published. Only one of these species, S. thaleri from the French locality of Seynes, was validated later by López-Martinez et al. (1998).

scholarly journals Phylogenomics, biogeography, and clade diversification of Paris (Melanthiaceae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunheng Ji ◽  
Lifang Yang ◽  
Mark W. Chase ◽  
Changkun Liu ◽  
Zhenyan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Miocene ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Molecular Dating ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Difficult Genus ◽  
Ancestral Area Reconstruction ◽  
Inference Methods

Abstract Background Paris (Melanthiaceae) is an economically important but taxonomically difficult genus, which is unique in angiosperms because some species have extremely large nuclear genomes. Phylogenetic relationships within Paris have long been controversial. Based on complete plastomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) sequences, this study aims to reconstruct a robust phylogenetic tree and explore historical biogeography and clade diversification in the genus. Results All 29 species currently recognized in Paris were sampled. Complete plastomes and nrDNA sequences were generated by the genome skimming approach. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Based on the phylogenetic framework and molecular dating, biogeographic scenarios and historical diversification of Paris were explored. Significant conflicts between plastid and nuclear datasets were identified, and the plastome tree is highly congruent with past interpretations of the morphology. Ancestral area reconstruction indicated that Paris may have originated in northeastern Asia and northern China, and has experienced multiple dispersal and vicariance events during its diversification. The rate of clade diversification has sharply accelerated since the late Miocene. Conclusions Our results provide important insights for clarifying some of the long-standing taxonomic debates in Paris. Cytonuclear discordance may have been caused by ancient and recent hybridizations in the genus. The climatic and geological changes since the late Miocene, such as the intensification of Asian monsoon and the rapid uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, as well as the climatic fluctuations during the Pleistocene, played essential roles in driving range expansion and radiative diversification in Paris. Our findings challenge the theoretical prediction that large genome sizes may limit speciation.

Phylogenetic Relationships of Cyclorana and the Litoria aurea Species-Group (Anura: Hylidae): A Molecular Perspective

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
LR Maxson ◽  
MJ Tyler ◽  
RD Maxson
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Clock ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Fixation Technique ◽  
Serum Albumins ◽  
Early Pliocene ◽  
Litoria Aurea

Serum albumins were compared in 17 species of Australian frogs by the quantitative micro-complement fixation technique. On the basis of albumin comparisons, all species of Cyclorana studied are phylogenetically closer to the L. aurea species-group than are other non-L. aurea group Litoria. Additionally, L. alboguttata is genetically closer to Cyclorana australis than any other frog tested (except for C. novaehollandiae) and clusters with the Cyclorana species, not with Litoria. By use of albumin as a molecular clock, it is estimated that the lineage leading to Cyclorana and the L. aurea species-group diverged in the Late Eocene from lineages leading to other Litoria. The lineages leading to the L. aurea group and to Cyclorana separated in the Oligocene. Eastern and western members of the L. aurea group diverged from each other in the Early Pliocene to Late Miocene, and not in the Pleistocene as is generally presumed.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships amongst the snake-eyed lizards of the genus Ablepharus Fitzinger, 1823 (Sauria, Scincidae) in the Iranian Plateau based on mtDNA sequences

Herpetozoa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Rasoul Karamiani ◽  
Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani ◽  
Eskandar Rastegar-Pouyani
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
West Azerbaijan

We recovered molecular phylogenetic relationships amongst species of the genus Ablepharus in Iran and Iraq. Partial sequences of three mitochondrial genes (cytochrome C oxidase subunit I – COI, 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA) were analysed. In addition, phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic evaluation of Ablepharus species in Cyprus, India, Greece, Turkey and Syria were performed using partial sequences of the 16S rRNA gene. Phylogenetic trees and estimated genetic distances showed that the Ablepharus populations of Iran and Iraq clustered into three distinct clades. One is found in northwest Iran (A. bivittatus in Ardabil, East and West Azerbaijan and Hamedan Provinces). The second clade, formed by A. chernovi, is found only in Uromia. The third and most heterogeneous clade is divided into two subclades, the first includes two lineages of Ablepharus in Khorasan Razavi and Semnan Provinces (A. pannonicus) and in eastern and south-eastern Iran (A. grayanus); the second subclade is distributed in the eastern part of Iraq and west and south-western Iran (Ablepharus sp.). Our analyses indicated that splitting of A. chernovi within the genus occurred in the early Miocene [about 22.5 million years ago (Mya)]. Ablepharus bivittatus diverged 15.2 Mya, in the middle Miocene. Ablepharus pannonicus diverged in the late Miocene (8.4 Mya) and A. grayanus separated in the late Miocene (6.7 Mya). The lineages of eastern Iraq and south-western Iran (Ablepharus sp.) diverged also in the late Miocene (7.0 Mya).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document