Self-emission x-ray shadowgraphy provides a method to measure the ablation-front trajectory and low-mode nonuniformity of a target imploded by directly illuminating a fusion capsule with laser beams. The technique uses time-resolved images of soft x-rays (
${>}1$
keV) emitted from the coronal plasma of the target imaged onto an x-ray framing camera to determine the position of the ablation front. Methods used to accurately measure the ablation-front radius (
${\it\delta}R=\pm 1.15~{\rm\mu}\text{m}$
), image-to-image timing (
${\it\delta}({\rm\Delta}t)=\pm 2.5$
ps) and absolute timing (
${\it\delta}t=\pm 10$
ps) are presented. Angular averaging of the images provides an average radius measurement of
${\it\delta}(R_{\text{av}})=\pm 0.15~{\rm\mu}\text{m}$
and an error in velocity of
${\it\delta}V/V=\pm 3\%$
. This technique was applied on the Omega Laser Facility [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] and the National Ignition Facility [Campbell and Hogan, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 41, B39 (1999)].
Influence of ablation-to-critical surface distance upon Rayleigh–Taylor instability