Asian Americans are less willing than other racial groups to participate in health research

AbstractBackground:Asian Americans constitute 5% of the U.S. population. Their willingness to participate in research is important to examine because it influences participation rates and the representativeness of study results.Methods:A total of 17,339 community members participated from six diverse Clinical and Translational Award (CTSA) sites. Community members were asked about their willingness to volunteer for eight different types of health research, their expectation of monetary compensation for research participation, their trust in research and researchers, their preferred language to receive health information, and their socio-demographic background. We examined Asian Americans’ willingness to participate in various types of health research studies and compared their perceptions with other racial/ethnic groups (i.e., Asian n = 485; African-American n = 9516; Hispanic/Latino n = 1889; Caucasian n = 4760; and other minority n = 689).Results:Compared to all other racial/ethnic groups, Asian Americans were less willing to participate in all eight types of health research. However, Asian Americans reported a lower amount of fair compensation for research participation than African-Americans and Hispanics/Latinos but were as likely to trust researchers as all other racial/ethnic groups.Conclusion:Asian Americans are less willing to participate in health research than other racial/ethnic groups, and this difference is not due to dissatisfaction with research compensation or lower trust in researchers. Lack of trust in research and language barriers should be addressed to improve representativeness and generalizability of all populations in research.

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Improving community participation in clinical and translational research: CTSA Sentinel Network proof of concept study

Journal of Clinical and Translational Science ◽

10.1017/cts.2020.21 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 323-330

Author(s):

Deepthi S. Varma ◽

Alvin H. Strelnick ◽

Nancy Bennett ◽

Patricia Piechowski ◽

Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Research ◽

Minority Groups ◽

Research Participation ◽

Albert Einstein College ◽

Community Outreach ◽

Willingness To Participate ◽

Community Members ◽

Sentinel Network ◽

The University ◽

Research Studies

AbstractBackground:Research participation by members of racial or ethnic minority groups continues to be less than optimum resulting in difficulties to generalization of research findings. Community-engaged research that relies on a community health worker (CHW) model has been found effective in building trust in the community, thereby motivating people to participate in health research. The Sentinel Network study aimed at testing the feasibility of utilizing the CHW model to link community members to appropriate health research studies at each of the research sites.Methods:The study was conducted at six Clinical and Translational Science Award institutions (N = 2371) across the country; 733 (30.9%) of the participants were from the University of Florida, 525 (22.0%) were from Washington University in St. Louis, 421 (17.8%) were from the University of California, Davis, 288 (12.1%) were from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 250 (10.5%) were from Rochester, and 154 (6.5%) from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Trained CHWs from each of these sites conducted regular community outreach where they administered a Health Needs Assessment, provided medical and social referrals, and linked to eligible research studies at each of those sites. A 30-day follow-up assessment was developed to track utilization of services satisfaction with the services and research study participation.Results:A large majority of people, especially African Americans, expressed willingness to participate in research studies. The top two health concerns reported by participants were hypertension and diabetes.Conclusion:Findings on the rate of navigation and enrollment in research from this study indicate the effectiveness of a hybrid CHW service and research model of directly engaging community members to encourage people to participate in research.

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Ethnic Differences in Perceptions of Mental Illness: Examining Intergroup Relations

10.31234/osf.io/wcfg9 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandra Sara Aringer ◽

Jimmy Calanchini

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

African Americans ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Asian Americans ◽

Mentally Ill ◽

Factor Analyses ◽

People With Mental Illness ◽

Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Racial Ethnic

People with mental illness are often stereotyped as dangerous, unstable, or unreliable, and these stereotypes perpetuate prejudice against those who are already vulnerable. However, many of these stereotypes are Eurocentric due to a lack of diversity within psychology. The present, preregistered research investigates whether depictions of mental illness are idiosyncratic to various racial/ethnic groups, or if these perceptions generalize across groups. Participants reported their endorsement of a series of mental illness descriptions (e.g., “This person spontaneously explodes in outbursts of anger”) as they apply to African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic/Latinxs, Caucasians, as well as to individuals with unspecified race/ethnicity. Exploratory factor analyses of these descriptions revealed three factors that describe mentally ill people -- ashamed, self-destructive, irresponsible -- and participants’ perceptions of mental illness on these three factors varied by racial/ethnic groups. Participants rated Asian Americans as more ashamed, but less self-destructive and irresponsible than other racial/ethnic groups. Conversely, participants rated Caucasians as less ashamed, but more self-destructive and irresponsible than other racial/ethnic groups. Perceptions of mental illness did not differ between Hispanic/Latinxs and African Americans. Additional analyses indicate that, compared to Caucasian participants, non-Caucasian participants rated mentally ill members of their ingroup as more ashamed but less self-destructive and irresponsible. This research indicates that participants from different racial/ethnic groups vary in the extent to which they ascribe different facets of mental illness to their ingroup versus outgroups. Implications for Eurocentric versus more diverse perceptions of mental illness are discussed.

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Asian Americans

Sociology ◽

10.1093/obo/9780199756384-0004 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jennifer C. Lee ◽

Alexander Lu

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Asian Americans ◽

Asian American ◽

Model Minority ◽

The United States ◽

Sociological Research ◽

Socioeconomic Outcomes ◽

Interdisciplinary Field ◽

Racial Ethnic

Asian Americans currently make up about five percent of the US population and are one of the fastest growing racial/ethnic groups in the United States. The history of Asians in the United States spans more than 200 years. The term “Asian American” covers over twenty nationality groups. It covers a wide variety of identities, languages, cultures, and experiences, yet this diversity has been masked with the assumption of homogeneity and the model minority image. Research within sociology on Asian Americans often focuses on dispelling the model minority myth through the empirical analysis of heterogeneity within the Asian American population, particularly in regard to educational and socioeconomic outcomes. Other sociological research examines contemporary stereotypes and discrimination against Asian Americans as well as the racial stratification of Asian Americans in relation to other racial/ethnic groups in the United States. However, it is important to note that Asian American Studies is an interdisciplinary field, and much sociological work is informed and influenced by multi- and interdisciplinary work. Therefore, although focused primarily on sociological works, this article will include books and articles from other disciplines that have important implications for sociological research.

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Differences in Rates of Glaucoma among Asian Americans and Other Racial Groups, and among Various Asian Ethnic Groups

Ophthalmology ◽

10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.10.024 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 118 (6) ◽

pp. 1031-1037 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Joshua D. Stein ◽

Denise S. Kim ◽

Leslie M. Niziol ◽

Nidhi Talwar ◽

Bin Nan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Groups ◽

Asian Americans ◽

Racial Groups

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Lessons from my Elders on Recruitment and Retention into Health Research

Ethnicity & Disease ◽

10.18865/ed.30.s2.781 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Suppl) ◽

pp. 781-784

Author(s):

Nina T. Harawa

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Minority ◽

Health Research ◽

Cultural Humility ◽

Community Members ◽

Recruitment And Retention ◽

Care Research ◽

Successful Recruitment ◽

Heath Care ◽

Racial Ethnic

In this brief report, the author shares lessons from Loretta Jones, MA and William Jenkins, PhD, two elders who shaped her research with communities that occupy intersecting marginalized categories. These lessons were echoed and amplified by the community panelists at the RCMAR workshop on recruitment and retention of diverse elders. They include centering the priorities of communities themselves, helping community members envision the types of positive transformations that research can help bring about, engaging and valuing the contributions of diverse sectors of the community, and recognizing the desire of aging individuals and communities to leave a legacy. Because heath care, research, and governmental institutions have engendered so much mistrust in racial/ethnic minority communities, researchers must learn first the particular histories and experience of the populations they intend to study. Equipped with this knowledge, cultural humility, and a willingness to listen, researchers can then use these strategies to earn the trust necessary for successful recruitment and retention in research. Ethn Dis.2020;30(Suppl 2):781-784; doi:10.18865/ed.30.S2.781

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Increased Self-Reported Discrimination and Concern for Physical Assault Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chinese, Vietnamese, Korean, Japanese, and Filipino Americans

10.1101/2020.09.15.20194720 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sierra K. Ha ◽

Ann T Nguyen ◽

Chloe Sales ◽

Rachel S. Chang ◽

Hillary Ta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Groups ◽

Asian Americans ◽

Nationwide Survey ◽

Ethnic Discrimination ◽

Physical Assault ◽

Filipino Americans ◽

Diverse Populations ◽

Future Studies ◽

The Us ◽

Racial Ethnic

Objectives. To investigate self-reported discrimination and concern for physical assault due to the COVID-19 pandemic among disaggregated Asian subgroups in the US. Methods. We conducted a nationwide survey to assess self-reported discrimination and concern for physical assault due to COVID-19 across racial/ethnic groups, including diverse subgroups of Asians. Results. Chinese respondents experienced the largest change (15% increase) in proportion of respondents reporting discrimination from 2019 to 2020 (P<.01). Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Other API showed up to 3.9 times increased odds of self-reported racial/ethnic discrimination due to COVID-19 and, with the addition of Filipino, experienced up to 5.4 times increased odds of concern for physical assault due to COVID-19 compared to Whites. Conclusions. Our study is the first to examine self-reported discrimination and concern for physical assault due to COVID-19 in subgroups of Asian Americans, finding that East (Chinese, Korean, Japanese) and Southeast (Vietnamese, Filipino) Asian Americans have been disproportionately affected. Future studies should disaggregate Asian subgroups to fully understand experiences of discrimination in diverse populations in the US.

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Crime and Perceived Neighborhood Safety Across Racial-Ethnic Groups

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.1318 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 342-342

Author(s):

Alfredo Velasquez ◽

Fangqi Guo ◽

Jennifer Robinette

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Groups ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Household Wealth ◽

Ethnic Heterogeneity ◽

Neighborhood Safety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Safety Concerns ◽

Study Results ◽

Racial Ethnic ◽

Perceived Neighborhood Safety

Abstract Crime often increases safety concerns for residents, and safety concerns are generally associated with worse health. Despite that marginalized racial/ethnic groups are more likely than non-Hispanic Whites to live in areas with more crime, prior studies have documented that these groups differentially view crime as a threat to safety. Furthermore, older adults are more likely to report safety concerns than younger adults, despite a lesser chance of being victimized. Using multiple waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study, a representative sample of US adults aged 51 years and older (n= 11,161, mean age of 66 years), we conducted weighted repeated cross-sectional linear regressions to examine whether the association between crime and perceived neighborhood safety varies by racial/ethnic group, by age, or by wave of data collection. Study results indicated that higher crime rates consistently predicted more safety concerns among non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics, and “Others,” but were inconsistently associated with safety concerns among non-Hispanic Blacks, adjusting for age, household wealth, and census tract-level concentrated disadvantage, population density, and racial/ethnic heterogeneity. Furthermore, among non-Hispanic Whites, greater crime predicted more safety concerns before, but not after including a measure of racial/ethnic heterogeneity. These patterns persisted across the full age span. Racial/ethnic differences in the crime-safety link could be explained by additional sociopolitical and environmental variables including diversity that vary over time. Follow-up analysis is needed to determine if the racial/ethnic differences in crime-safety links extend to health.

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Abstract MP18: The Risk of Venous Thromboembolism is Lower in Multiple Asian Ethnic Groups

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.mp18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

H. Nicole Tran ◽

Natalia Udaltsova ◽

Stanton Siu ◽

Jeanne Darbinian ◽

Arthur L Klatsky

Keyword(s):

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Sex Education ◽

Asian Americans ◽

South Asians ◽

Racial Groups ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Comprehensive Health ◽

Genetic Mechanisms ◽

Referent Group

Background: Several studies suggest a lower risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in Asians compared to other racial groups, and genetic mechanisms have been suspected. Despite their biological and cultural diversity, data have been sparse comparing risk of VTE among specific Asian ethnicities. Our previous report from 2000 on hospitalizations for VTEs in Asian Americans had included 337 subjects (all races) and numbers were insufficient to study specific Asian groups. We present here data from a new study with 4,674 VTE subjects. Hypothesis: Similar low VTE risk is present in multiple Asian ethnic groups. Methods: We studied composite VTE risk in 61,459 members of a comprehensive health plan, who had supplied self-classified ethnicity data on prior health examinations between 1978 and 1985 and had remained plan members in 1996, when outpatient diagnoses were added to computerized files. The subjects were 58% (n = 35,573) female and 42% (n= 25,886) male. From 1996 through 2015, at least one diagnosis of VTE was made during an outpatient visit or hospitalization for 4,675 persons. With Whites as the referent group, we performed logistic regressions controlled for age, sex, education, BMI, and smoking, yielding hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The table shows HRs (CI) versus Whites (n=32,557) with 2,576 VTE. These lower HRs for VTE in Asians were generally similar in men and women. In the Asian stratum, a model with Chinese as referent showed an increased HR = 1.87 (1.09-3-21; p=0.02) for South Asians. Among covariates sex, education, and smoking were unrelated to VTE risk and BMI was positively associated; these results were similar in Whites, Blacks, and Asians. Conclusions: In conclusion, Chinese, Japanese, Filipinos and Other Asian Americans but not South Asians had substantially lower VTE risk compared to Whites. These data indirectly support a genetic explanation.

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Elderly Racial and Ethnic Groups: A Content Analysis of Mainstream Social Work Journals, 1995–2002

Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work ◽

10.18084/1084-7219.10.1.118 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 118-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gloria Duran Aguilar ◽

Marcia Brown-Standridge

Keyword(s):

Social Work ◽

Social Workers ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Cultural Competency ◽

Social Work Students ◽

Minority Populations ◽

Racial Groups ◽

Dissemination Of Research ◽

Research Findings ◽

Racial Ethnic

Articles published in five major social work journals were examined to determine the extent to which the literature addresses elderly members of racial and ethnic groups. The analysis found that only 1 percent of the articles published between 1995 and 2002focused on racial/ethnic elderly. This review indicates that social work students, educators, and practitioners will have difficulty understanding the issues facing aging minority populations and developing appropriate interventions if they rely on the major journals. Given this finding, it is imperative to increase the representation of members of ethnic and racial groups in the profession, the cultural competency of current social workers and educators, and the dissemination of research findings on this population.

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Public willingness to participate in personalized health research and biobanking: A large-scale Swiss survey

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0249141 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0249141

Author(s):

Caroline Brall ◽

Claudia Berlin ◽

Marcel Zwahlen ◽

Kelly E. Ormond ◽

Matthias Egger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Samples ◽

Health Research ◽

Data Privacy ◽

Large Scale ◽

Health Sector ◽

Research Participation ◽

Public Understanding ◽

Willingness To Participate ◽

Related Data ◽

Personalized Health

This paper reports survey findings on the Swiss public’s willingness, attitudes, and concerns regarding personalized health research participation by providing health information and biological material. The survey reached a sample of 15,106 Swiss residents, from which we received 5,156 responses (34.1% response rate). The majority of respondents were aware of research using human biological samples (71.0%) and held a positive opinion towards this type of research (62.4%). Of all respondents, 53.6% indicated that they would be willing to participate in a personalized health research project. Willingness to participate was higher in younger, higher educated, non-religious respondents with a background in the health sector. Respondents were more willing to provide ‘traditional’ types of health data, such as health questionnaires, blood or biological samples, as opposed to social media or app-related data. All respondents valued the return of individual research results, including risk for diseases for which no treatment is available. Our findings highlight that alongside general positive attitudes towards personalized health research using data and samples, respondents have concerns about data privacy and re-use. Concerns included potential discrimination, confidentiality breaches, and misuse of data for commercial or marketing purposes. The findings of this large-scale survey can inform Swiss research institutions and assist policymakers with adjusting practices and developing policies to better meet the needs and preferences of the public. Efforts in this direction could focus on research initiatives engaging in transparent communication, education, and engagement activities, to increase public understanding and insight into data sharing activities, and ultimately strengthen personalized health research efforts.

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