Accurate Age Estimation Using 14C Content in Japanese Human Teeth

Radiocarbon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Kunita ◽  
Toshio Nakamura ◽  
Kazuo Kato
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Tooth Formation ◽  
Tooth Roots ◽  
The Usa ◽  
C Value ◽  
Absolute Age ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractWe investigated age estimation of persons using 45 Japanese human teeth that consisted of mainly the third molar. We measured the radiocarbon content in tooth enamel hydroxyapatite from the crown as well as those in collagen and bioapatite in the root of the same tooth. Age estimations from tooth enamel apatite yielded an absolute age shift of 1.7±1.4 yr from the true age. This value suggests that estimating the age of Japanese people from tooth enamel is as accurate as the previous studies conducted in Europe and the USA. The 14C analysis of roots suggested that bioapatite is formed slightly later than collagen in the same tooth roots. The appropriate formation age ranges suggested by the tooth enamel analysis can be optimized and confirmed by using the additional F14C values of the root samples. We also noticed a characteristic trend of enamel δ13C values in comparison with the formation ages of the crowns of the teeth. The δ13C value tends to increase gradually from –13.0‰ to –11.5‰ from the 1960s to the 1970s, probably being caused by changes in the Japanese diet. This trend may support the selection of proper tooth formation age as supplemental data in addition to 14C content analyses.

scholarly journals Orthopantomographic evaluation of third molar developmental stages in relation to chronological age of Bangladeshi female garment workers: A case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Shaikh Zakir Mahmud ◽  
Nahid Al Nomann ◽  
Md Arafat Kabir ◽  
Chowdhury Moin Jan
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Qualitative Methodologies

Human teeth are among the most distinctive and long lasting features of mammal species. Various quantitative and qualitative methodologies have been developed by the researchers in order to establish an assessment format to determine the correlation between the dental age and the chronological age. The morphological and radiological examinations of third molars make up a part of the orthodontic, pedodontic, forensic odontology and oral surgical treatments and remain the most reliable biologic indicator available for age estimation during the middle teens and early twenties. This age calculation requirement is not only for differentiating the juvenile from the adult status in criminal law cases, but also for chronological age estimation in relation to school attendance, social benefits, employment and marriage. A case for actual need for age estimation using a developing third molar is presented here DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v5i1.22456 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research and Education Vol.5(1) 2015: 22-25

Juvenile versus adult: A new approach for age estimation from 3-dimensional analyses of the mandibular third molar apices

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 100347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khan Asif ◽  
Norliza Ibrahim ◽  
Samah M. Al-Amery ◽  
Jacob John ◽  
Phrabhakaran Nambiar
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
New Approach ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Mandibular Third Molar

Ciguapas in New York: Transcultural Ethnicity and Transracialization in Dominican American Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMILIA MARÍA DURÁN-ALMARZA
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Dominican Women ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dominican American

The Dominican American community in New York is perhaps one of the best examples of how processes of transculturation are affecting traditional definitions of ethnic identification. Given the intense economic, social and cultural transnational exchanges between the island and the USA from the 1960s, Dominicanyorks have been challenging the illusion of homogeneity in the definition of Americanness for decades, creating transnational social networks that transcend traditional national and ethnographic boundaries. The theatrical works of Josefina Báez, a Dominican American performer living in New York, and Sherezada (Chiqui) Vicioso, a Dominican poet and playwright who lived and worked in the US metropolis for decades before moving back to the Dominican Republic, lyrically explore issues of diaspora, identity and migration and the impact these phenomena might have in the lives of migrant Dominican women. Presenting diasporic experiences from two differing but interconnected locales – New York and the Dominican Republic – these plays offer two complementary views on the ways in which ethnicity, race, social class, age and geopolitical location interact in the formation of transcultural identities, thus contributing to develop a hemispheric approach to the study of identity formation in the Americas.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dating of Calcined Bones: Where Does the Carbon Come from?

Radiocarbon ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 601-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Zazzo ◽  
J-F Saliège ◽  
A Person ◽  
H Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mineral Fraction ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
C Value ◽  
Paleodietary Reconstruction

Over the past decade, radiocarbon dating of the carbonate contained in the mineral fraction of calcined bones has emerged as a viable alternative to dating skeletal remains in situations where collagen is no longer present. However, anomalously low δ13C values have been reported for calcined bones, suggesting that the mineral fraction of bone is altered. Therefore, exchange with other sources of carbon during heating cannot be excluded. Here, we report new results from analyses on cremated bones found in archaeological sites in Africa and the Near East, as well as the results of several experiments aiming at improving our understanding of the fate of mineral and organic carbon of bone during heating. Heating of modern bone was carried out at different temperatures, for different durations, and under natural and controlled conditions, and the evolution of several parameters (weight, color, %C, %N, δ13C value, carbonate content, crystallinity indexes measured by XRD and FTIR) was monitored. Results from archaeological sites confirm that calcined bones are unreliable for paleoenvironmental and paleodietary reconstruction using stable isotopes. Experimental results suggest that the carbon remaining in bone after cremation likely comes from the original inorganic pool, highly fractionated due to rapid recrystallization. Therefore, its reliability for 14C dating should be seen as close to that of tooth enamel, due to crystallographic properties of calcined bones.

scholarly journals Board Diversity: More Than a Gender Issue?

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Adams
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Share Price ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
Board Diversity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Right

There has been extensive research conducted on the importance of corporate governance around the world. The research seems to demonstrate that, regardless of whether corporations are based in common law or civil code systems, their longevity and sustainability arise from good corporate governance. However, the evidence does not clearly demonstrate a correlation between a particular organisation’s governance structure and practices and its share price. Around the world the question of board diversity is gaining in importance. The beginning of the debate in the 1960s centred on gender. While it is essential to conduct a debate on gender diversity, other aspects of diversity should also be considered. Race, culture and even age may have a direct impact on the performance of a board. Australian companies, particularly those listed on the ASX, have a poor record of instituting any type of diversity. The USA and European Union have a much wider range of policies to promote diversity on corporate boards. The key question is how best to regulate to promote diversity across gender, race, culture and age. The historical approach of regulating diversity by setting targets and requiring disclosure does not seem to have delivered substantial change. Is it the right time to impose mandatory requirements, or are there other alternative strategies? Without doubt change is required, but there will be opposition.

scholarly journals CORPO E AUTOEXPERIMENTAÇÃO: UMA LEITURA DA ARTCHARNELDE ORLAN A PARTIR DO PENSAMENTO PÓS-FEMINISTA DE PAUL B. PRECIADO / Body and self-experimentation: a reading of ORLAN's artcharnel from Paul B. Preciado's post-feminist thinking

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (39) ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
Rejane Lopes Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Female Body ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Contemporary Western Society

A partir da década de 1960 teve início na Europa e nos EUA um novo movimento artístico conhecido como arte performativa. ORLAN, artista plástica francesa, insere-se neste movimento através de obras que incluem intervenções cirúrgicas em seu próprio corpo com o objetivo de questionar o status do corpo feminino na sociedade ocidental contemporânea. Diante disso, propomos no presente artigo, uma análise do seu trabalho a partir das considerações teóricas do filósofo e escritor transgênero Paul B. Preciado.Palavras-chave: Arte performativa; ORLAN; Gênero; Feminismo; Paul. B. Preciado.AbstractFrom the 1960s, a new artistic movement known as performative art began in Europe and the USA. ORLAN, a French artist, is part of this movement through works that include surgical interventions on her own body in order to question the status of the female body in contemporary Western society. Therefore, in this article, we propose an analysis of his work based on the theoretical considerations of the transgender philosopher and writer Paul B. Preciado.Keywords: Performative art; ORLAN; Genre; Feminism; Paul B. Preciado.

scholarly journals Emigration of Jews from the Soviet Union in the 1960-1970s through the eyes of the American press

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-160
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Antoshin ◽  
Dmitry L. Strovsky
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
American Press ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
First Time

The article analyzes the features of Soviet emigration and repatriation in the second half of the 1960s through the early 1970s, when for the first time after a long period of time, and as a result of political agreements between the USSR and the USA, hundreds of thousands of Soviet Jews were able to leave the Soviet Union for good and settle in the United States and Israel. Our attention is focused not only on the history of this issue and the overall political situation of that time, but mainly on the peculiarities of this issue coverage by the leading American printed media. The reference to the media as the main empirical source of this study allows not only perceiving the topic of emigration and repatriation in more detail, but also seeing the regularities of the political ‘face’ of the American press of that time. This study enables us to expand the usual framework of knowledge of emigration against the background of its historical and cultural development in the 20th century.

scholarly journals Validation of Age Estimation in the Harp Seal, Phoca groenlandica, Using Dentinal Annuli

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1430-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Bowen ◽  
D. E. Sergeant ◽  
T. Øritsland
Keyword(s):  
Outer Layer ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Harp Seal ◽  
Growth Layer ◽  
Phoca Groenlandica ◽  
Incremental Growth ◽  
Absolute Age

We investigated the validity and accuracy of age estimation in harp seals, Phoca groenlandica, using a sample of 155 known-age teeth from seals age 3 mo to 10 yr. Under transmitted light, transverse sections of harp seal canine teeth showed distinct incremental growth layers (IGLs) in the dentine. The first growth-layer group (GLG), representing Ist-year growth, consists of two IGLs: an outer layer of opaque dentine, bounded by the neonatal line, and an inner layer of translucent dentine. Subsequent GLGs, each representing 1 yr of growth, generally consist of three IGLs: an outer layer of interglobular dentine deposited during the annual molt in April, a middle layer of opaque dentine formed during the northward spring migration (May–June), and an inner layer of translucent dentine formed from July to March. We show that dentinal GLGs can be used to estimate the absolute age of harp seals. The accuracy of the method decreases with age. Only 72.4% of estimates of 0-group seals were correct using only transverse sections. These errors were virtually eliminated (99.0% correct age determination) when the tooth root was examined. Based on a single examination of a transverse section, the probabilities of correctly estimating age are 0.983, 0.889, 0.817, and 0.553 at ages 1, 2, 3, and 4 + yr, respectively, when clearly inaccurate tag-tooth associations are omitted. The respective probabilities are only slightly higher when age is based on the average of five blind readings, being 1.0, 0.889, 0.833, and 0.625. Beyond age 3 yr, existing data are insufficient to estimate reliably the accuracy of age determined by counting GLGs.

Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez ◽  
Charlie Riches
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract The erect, profusely tillering annual grass R. cochinchinensis grows up to a height of 4 m or more and is extremely competitive with annual crops, readily invading disturbed sites along roads and railways. Commonly known as itchgrass, it has brace roots near the base of the plant, a cylindrical spikelet seedhead and siliceous hairs on the leaf sheath that can penetrate and irritate the skin. Individual plants produce 2000 to 16,000 seeds that are shed as soon as they mature. A native of Indo-China, it is naturalised throughout the tropics of Asia, and is found in north-eastern Australia and savannah zones of Africa. It has been introduced into tropical America, as a potential pasture grass in the USA in the early 1900s and since the 1960s has been spread widely by contaminated rice seed, agricultural equipment and along transport routes in Central and South America, the Caribbean, and in the Gulf Coast region of the USA. An aggressive, significant weed in more than 40 countries, R. cochinchinensis is listed as a Federal Noxious Weed in the USA, and is suggested by Vibrans (2009) to be possibly the most harmful invasive plant in Mexico.

Coptotermes formosanus (Formosan subterranean termite).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Termite Control ◽  
Exotic Pests ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract C. formosanus is often transported by boats and shipping containers to port cities before being carried further inland via landscape materials such as railroad ties (railway sleepers). This may explain the current C. formosanus distribution in the USA with coastal areas more densely infested than inland areas (Hochmair and Scheffrahn, 2010). Temperature and humidity are primary factors affecting the establishment of C. formosanus, and it is potentially invasive to areas of high humidity approximately 35° north and south of the equator (Su and Tamashiro, 1987). Competition from native species is another limiting factor for many exotic pests, but C. formosanus is more aggressive and is known to out-compete the endemic termites such as Reticulitermes species. Another factor that has allowed the successful establishment and spread of C. formosanus in exotic areas has been the pest control industry's heavy reliance on soil termiticide barriers for subterranean termite control since the 1950s. Numerous studies, using mark-recapture methods, have revealed that a single colony of C. formosanus might contain several million termites that forage up to 100 m in the soil (Lai, 1977; Su and Scheffrahn, 1988). These agree with the results of excavation studies for C. formosanus colonies (Ehrhorn, 1934; King and Spink, 1969). Because of the large colony size, the application of soil termiticides beneath a structure does not usually have a major impact on the overall population, and the surviving colony continues to produce alates that can further infest nearby areas. Once established, C. formosanus has never been completely eradicated from an area. The dependency of soil termiticide barriers as the primary tool for subterranean termite control is probably the main reason for the establishment and spread of C. formosanus from four isolated port cities in the 1960s in the USA to all south-eastern states by 2001.

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