scholarly journals Investigation of the Analytical F14C Bone Background Value at SUERC

Radiocarbon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1463-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Dunbar ◽  
P Naysmith ◽  
G T Cook ◽  
E M Scott ◽  
S Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Background Subtraction ◽  
Subtraction Method ◽  
Background Values ◽  
Background Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Step ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe SUERC Radiocarbon Laboratory employs a one-step “background subtraction” method when calculating 14C ages. An interglacial wood (VIRI Sample K) is employed as the non-bone organic background standard, while a mammoth bone (LQH12) from Latton Quarry is used as the bone background standard. Results over several years demonstrate that the bone background is consistently around a factor of two higher and more variable than the wood background. As a result, the uncertainty on routine bone measurements is higher than for other sample types. This study investigates the factors that may contribute to the difference in F14C values and the higher variability. Preparations of collagen using modified Longin or ultrafiltration methods show no significant difference, nor does eliminating the collagen dissolution step. Two bone samples of known infinite age with respect to radiocarbon are compared and again no significant difference is observed. Finally, the quantity and age of the organic matter in the water used during the pretreatment is investigated and it is shown that there is insufficient organic matter in the reverse osmosis water to influence background values significantly. The attention is now on determining if incomplete demineralization could lead to contaminants being retained by the phosphate in the hydroxyapatite.

Block Background Subtraction Method Based on ViBe

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 3549-3552
Author(s):  
Lian Fen Huang ◽  
Qing Yue Chen ◽  
Jin Feng Lin ◽  
He Zhi Lin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Background Subtraction ◽  
Video Sequence ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Background Model ◽  
Subtraction Method ◽  
Current Frame ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up

The key of background subtraction which is widely used in moving object detecting is to set up and update the background model. This paper presents a block background subtraction method based on ViBe, using the spatial correlation and time continuity of the video sequence. Set up the video sequence background model firstly. Then, update the background model through block processing. Finally employ the difference between the current frame and background model to extract moving objects.

scholarly journals Optical characteristics of cryoconite (surface dust) on glaciers: the relationship between light absorbency and the property of organic matter contained in the cryoconite

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nozomu Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Optical Characteristics ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Mineral Particles ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Chemical Conditions

AbstractOptical characteristics of the cryoconite collected from nine glaciers in the Himalaya, Tibet and the Arctic (Canada and Svalbard) were analyzed. The spectral light reflectance (visible region) of the cryoconite on the six glaciers in the Arctic and the Himalayawas generally low, indicating high light absorbency (dark coloration) of the cryoconite. In contrast, the spectral reflectances of the cryoconite on the three glaciers in Tibet were significantly higher than on the other glaciers. There was no significant difference in the spectral reflectance of mineral particles contained in the cryoconite between the Tibetan and the other glaciers, indicating that the difference in the albedo of the cryoconites is not due to the mineral particles, but due to organic matter contained in the cryoconite. Chemical analysis of the organic matter in the cryoconites revealed that the light absorbency of cryoconites is due to the amount of humic substances, which are dark-colored organic substances, the residue of bacterial decomposition of organic matter. The cryoconite of the three glaciers in Tibet contained significantly smaller amounts of humic substances than that of the other glaciers, probably due to different biological or chemical conditions. Results show that the formation of the humic substances in the cryoconite affects its optical characteristics, and possibly affects the surface albedo of the glaciers.

scholarly journals Effect of Cirripedia sp. Flour As Subtitutional Feed Source of Protein Against Dried Disease and Organic Material Rabbit Rain Type Rex

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodhi Agustono ◽  
Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari ◽  
Mohammad Anam Al Arif ◽  
Ragil Angga Prastiya ◽  
Faisal Fikri
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feed Source ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Difference

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of Cirripedia sp. flour as feed substitution of protein source in feed on the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in 100 male rex broilers. The research was experimental by using a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. Substitution of Cirripedia sp. flour respectively in feed were 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% given for four weeks. Data collection was carried out in the fourth week (for seven days) which included consumption data, manure weight and analysis of treatment feed and manure analysis. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and the difference between treatments was determined by the Duncan test. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) and that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) on the digestibility of rex broilers. This shows that the substitution of Cirripedia sp. flour in feed can replace animal protein sources in fish meal in complete feed rabbits.Key words : Cirripedia sp, digestibility, feed subtitution, flour, rabbit.

Corrigendum - Relative efficiency of Merino and Border Leicester × Merino ewes

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
DO Kleemann ◽  
CHS Dolling
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Animal Tissue ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference

Thirteen South Australian strong-wool Merino ewes and eight Border Leicester × Merino ewes mated to Poll Dorset rams were fed on lucerne pellets ad libitum during late pregnancy and lactation in pens. Each of their single-born progeny was slaughtered at 33 kg full liveweight. Breeds were compared for efficiency of the ewe (organic matter intake per unit liveweight and clean wool per unit intake), efficiency of the lamb (liveweight and body solids gain per litre of milk), and efficiency of the ewe-lamb unit (liveweight and carcass weight per unit intake). Border Leicester × Merino ewes ate 7% less organic matter per unit liveweight than Merino ewes during lactation; however, there was no significant difference during late pregnancy. In terms of absolute intake 120 Merinos = 100 Border Leicester × Merinos. Border Leicester × Merino ewes were 73% as efficient in converting feed to clean wool as Merino ewes. Merino ewes grew wool of smaller diameter and higher crimp frequency than crossbreds. Lambs from the Merino ewes were as efficient in converting milk into animal tissue as the progeny from Border Leicester x Merino ewes during the first 4 weeks of suckling. Lambs from Merino ewes required on average 25 extra days to grow to the same slaughter weight and ate 110% more organic matter from solid feed than lambs from crossbred ewes. However, the proportion of feed eaten by the lamb was small (10%) compared with that eaten by the ewe. Lambs from crossbred ewes were 23% heavier than those from Merino ewes at the same age. The crossbred ewe-lamb unit, however, consumed 20% more feed and hence was as efficient as the Merino ewe–lamb unit. The Merino ewe–lamb unit was more efficient than the crossbred ewe-lamb unit when the lamb genotypes were slaughtered at the same liveweight (P < 0.05); however, the difference was not significant when expressed as carcass weight per unit intake.

scholarly journals Sr, Nd and Pb stable isotopes of surface dust on Ürümqi glacier No. 1 in western China

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (56) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Nagatsuka ◽  
Nozomu Takeuchi ◽  
Takanori Nakano ◽  
Emi Kokado ◽  
Zhongqin Li
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Western China ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
Silicate Minerals ◽  
Surface Dust ◽  
Desert Sand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

AbstractStable-isotopic ratios of strontium (Sr), neodymium (Nd) and lead (Pb) provide a means of identifying a geological source of substances and are used as tracers of elements in biological and geochemical processes. We analyzed these isotopic ratios of surface dust (cryoconite) collected on Ürümqi glacier No. 1 , Tien Shan, China. The dust was separated chemically into five fractions (four minerals and organic matter), and the isotopic ratios of each fraction were measured. The Sr and Nd isotopic ratios in the fractions extracted with ultrapure water (saline minerals), hydrogen peroxide solution (organic matter) and acetic acid (carbonate minerals) were low and invariable, whereas those extracted by hydrochloric acid (phosphate minerals) and the residual fraction (silicate minerals) were higher. The difference was likely due to the original source of each fraction. The isotopic ratios of the surface dust collected from different sites showed no significant difference, suggesting that they were spatially uniform across the glacier. The isotopic ratios of the silicate fraction were closer to those of desert sand reported in China than those of the soil and bedrock around the glacier. This suggests that the silicate minerals on the glacier were derived from distant deserts. The isotopic ratios in saline, carbonate and phosphate fractions were also close to those of evaporites and apatite in that desert region, suggesting that these minerals were also derived from that source. The Sr isotopic ratios in the organic fraction were closer to ratios in the saline and carbonate fractions rather than the silicate or phosphate fractions and may therefore reflect the isotopic ratios of the elements when they are incorporated into living microbes on the glacier.

An Improved Spectral Background Subtraction Method Based on Wavelet Energy

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 1994-2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengkui Zhao ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Aimin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Background Subtraction ◽  
Experimental Spectrum ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Simulated Spectrum ◽  
Subtraction Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Background Estimation ◽  
Wavelet Energy ◽  
Entropy Principle ◽  
The Difference

Most spectral background subtraction methods rely on the difference in frequency response of background compared with characteristic peaks. It is difficult to extract accurately the background components from the spectrum when characteristic peaks and background have overlaps in frequency domain. An improved background estimation algorithm based on iterative wavelet transform (IWT) is presented. The wavelet entropy principle is used to select the best wavelet basis. A criterion based on wavelet energy theory to determine the optimal iteration times is proposed. The case of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy is discussed for illustration. A simulated spectrum with a prior known background and an experimental spectrum are tested. The processing results of the simulated spectrum is compared with non-IWT and it demonstrates the superiority of the IWT. It has great significance to improve the accuracy for spectral analysis.

scholarly journals Analisis Variasi Slice Thickness Terhadap Informasi Anatomi Potongan Axial Pada Pemeriksaan MSCT Cervical Pada Kasus Trauma

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Rizki Aditya Nugroho ◽  
Jeffri Ardiyanto ◽  
Sigit Wijokongko
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Transverse Process ◽  
Thickness Variation ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Step ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Anatomic Information

Background: One step to create a good image is by doing slice thickness reconstruction. Slice thickness is thick slices or pieces of the object checked out. The examination procedure of MSCT in case of Cervical trauma in Radiology Installation RSUD Tugurejo Semarang using slice thickness 3 mm. This contrasts with Seeram (2016), which explained that the examination of adult MSCT Cervical Spine using slice thickness between 1-2 mm. This research aims to know the difference of anatomic information resulted by 5 slice thickness variation in MSCT Cervical Spine and to find out which slice thickness can provide optimum anatomic information.Methods: The type of this research is quantitative with an experimental approach. Data is performed by reconstructing the 5 images of MSCT cervical of trauma patients using 5 slice thickness variation which is 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm and 3 mm. The final images are evaluated by two Respondents to see the differences in anatomic information and then analyzed by using a different test (Friedman Test) from the SPSS version 24.0.Results: The results showed there is a  significant difference in anatomic information on the corpus, lamina, spinous process, transverse process and fragment fracture between variations in slice thickness of 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm, and 3 mm on the MSCT Cervical examination with a significance value of 0,000 or p 0.05.Conclusion: The most optimal slice thickness to provide anatomic information on the cervical MSCT examination is 1 mm slice thickness with a mean rank value of 3.64.

Relative efficiency of Merino and Border Leicester × Merino ewes

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
DO Kleemann ◽  
CHS Dolling
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Animal Tissue ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference

Thirteen South Australian strong-wool Merino ewes and eight Border Leicester × Merino ewes mated to Poll Dorset rams were fed on lucerne pellets ad libitum during late pregnancy and lactation in pens. Each of their single-born progeny was slaughtered at 33 kg full liveweight. Breeds were compared for efficiency of the ewe (organic matter intake per unit liveweight and clean wool per unit intake), efficiency of the lamb (liveweight and body solids gain per litre of milk), and efficiency of the ewe-lamb unit (liveweight and carcass weight per unit intake). Border Leicester × Merino ewes ate 7% less organic matter per unit liveweight than Merino ewes during lactation; however, there was no significant difference during late pregnancy. In terms of absolute intake 120 Merinos = 100 Border Leicester × Merinos. Border Leicester × Merino ewes were 73% as efficient in converting feed to clean wool as Merino ewes. Merino ewes grew wool of smaller diameter and higher crimp frequency than crossbreds. Lambs from the Merino ewes were as efficient in converting milk into animal tissue as the progeny from Border Leicester x Merino ewes during the first 4 weeks of suckling. Lambs from Merino ewes required on average 25 extra days to grow to the same slaughter weight and ate 110% more organic matter from solid feed than lambs from crossbred ewes. However, the proportion of feed eaten by the lamb was small (10%) compared with that eaten by the ewe. Lambs from crossbred ewes were 23% heavier than those from Merino ewes at the same age. The crossbred ewe-lamb unit, however, consumed 20% more feed and hence was as efficient as the Merino ewe–lamb unit. The Merino ewe–lamb unit was more efficient than the crossbred ewe-lamb unit when the lamb genotypes were slaughtered at the same liveweight (P < 0.05); however, the difference was not significant when expressed as carcass weight per unit intake.

scholarly journals DERIVATIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY FOR NO3- DETERMINATION IN SANITARY SEWAGES

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 579-583
Author(s):  
Tayane Cristiele Rodrigues Mesquita ◽  
Pamela Lais Cabral Silva ◽  
Lucas Rafael Lommez Vaz ◽  
Alisson Carraro Borges
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Second Derivative ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Satisfactory Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Derivative Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Second Derivative Method

The objective of this study was to observe the feasibility of using the UV spectrophotometric method of the second derivative in the determination of nitrogen in the form of nitrate in sanitary sewers, since this method is indicated for water with low content of organic matter. Therefore, the results obtained in that method were compared with the salicylate methodology. The Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference (? = 5%) between the results obtained in both methods. However, when compared, the difference between them was less than 0.25 mg L-1 in half of the observations. Despite this significant difference, the use of the second derivative method for sanitary sewage samples showed satisfactory performance.

scholarly journals Applicability of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis for the treatment of wastewater of different origin

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edit Cséfalvay ◽  
Péter Imre ◽  
Péter Mizsey
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Separations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
One Step ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Origin

AbstractMembrane separations are finding greater use in wastewater treatment because of their efficiency. In order to prove the effectiveness of membrane filtration an applicability study is carried out. Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes are tested under quite different conditions to reduce the chemical oxygen demands (COD) of wastewaters to meet the Council Directive 76/464/EEC release limit. Two kinds of real wastewaters were selected for the investigation. The wastewaters represent extreme different circumstances since the difference between their COD is two orders of magnitude. All of the membranes tested can be applied either to the treatment of wastewater of high COD (pharmaceutical wastewater) or wastewater of low COD (dumpsite leachate), since the different conditions do not change the membrane characteristics. The experimental data show that none of the membranes can decrease the COD to the release limit in one step. However, if two-stage filtrations (nanofiltration followed by reverse osmosis) are accomplished for both of the wastewaters, a total COD reduction of 94% can be achieved. With the application of the two-stage filtration the COD of the wastewater of low COD can be decreased below the release limit but in case of wastewater of the high COD further treatment will be required.

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