scholarly journals In the Mood for Democracy? Democratic Support as Thermostatic Opinion

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER CLAASSEN
Keyword(s):  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Feedback Effect ◽  
Support For Democracy ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
Democratic Support ◽  
Positive Feedback Effect

Public support has long been thought crucial for the vitality and survival of democracy. Existing research has argued that democracy also creates its own demand: through early-years socialization and later-life learning, the presence of a democratic system coupled with the passage of time produces widespread public support for democracy. Using new panel measures of democratic mood varying over 135 countries and up to 30 years, this article finds little evidence for such a positive feedback effect of democracy on support. Instead, it demonstrates a negative thermostatic effect: increases in democracy depress democratic mood, while decreases cheer it. Moreover, it is increases in the liberal, counter-majoritarian aspects of democracy, not the majoritarian, electoral aspects that provoke this backlash from citizens. These novel results challenge existing research on support for democracy, but also reconcile this research with the literature on macro-opinion.

EFFECT OF HYPOTHALAMIC DEAFFERENTATION ON THE CONTROL OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE SECRETION

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. TALEISNIK ◽  
M. E. VELASCO ◽  
J. J. ASTRADA
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Feedback Effect ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Secretion ◽  
Ovarian Steroids ◽  
Medial Hypothalamus ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Positive Feedback Effect

SUMMARY The influence that the interruption of the neural afferents to the hypothalamus exerts on ovulation and on the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) was studied in the rat. Animals with retrochiasmatic sections interrupting the neural connexions between the medial hypothalamus and the preoptic area (POA) showed constant oestrus and failed to ovulate. Animals in which the dorsal neural afferents to the POA were transected had oestrous cycles and ovulated normally. The positive feedback effect of progesterone on LH release in spayed animals primed either with 20 μg. oestradiol benzoate or 2·5 mg. testosterone propionate 3 days before was studied. Transection of the dorsal afferents to the POA favoured an increase in plasma LH, but in animals with retrochiasmatic sections the response was abolished. However, the negative feedback effect of ovarian steroids operated after both types of transection because an increase in plasma LH occurred after ovariectomy. It is concluded that the negative feedback effect of ovarian steroids acts on the medial hypothalamus which can maintain a tonic release of gonadotrophins in the absence of steroids. In contrast, the POA involved in the positive feedback effect of progesterone is concerned with the phasic release of LH.

FEEDBACK EFFECTS OF THYROXINE ON THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND PITUITARY OF GOLDFISH, CARASSIUS AURATUS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. PETER
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Feedback Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Pituitary Stalk ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Feedback Effects ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Positive Feedback Effect

SUMMARY The effect on thyroid activity of a systemically ineffective dose of thyroxine (T4) implanted in the hypothalamus or pituitary of goldfish was tested. Thyroid activity was decreased by T4 implantation in either location, indicating that T4 has a negative feedback effect on the pituitary causing a decrease in thyrotrophin secretion, and a positive feedback effect on the hypothalamus stimulating the secretion of thyrotrophin inhibitory factor (TIF). Fish with a T4 or blank-control implant in the pituitary that had a damaged pituitary stalk, as a result of the operative procedures, were hyperthyroid, suggesting either that TIF is more effective in suppressing thyrotroph activity than T4 and that the effect of T4 was masked by the absence of TIF, or, less likely, that T4 negative feedback in the pituitary is not effective independent of TIF. The results were compared with the information about T4 feedback in mammals.

Failure of the GnRH antagonist ganirelix to block the positive feedback effect of exogenous estrogen in normal women

2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 1554-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis E. Messinis ◽  
Polyxeni Vanakara ◽  
Apostolos Zavos ◽  
Christina Verikouki ◽  
Panagiotis Georgoulias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Gnrh Antagonist ◽  
Feedback Effect ◽  
Exogenous Estrogen ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Positive Feedback Effect

Effects of ovarian hormones on brain opioid binding sites in castrated female rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. E507-E511 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dondi ◽  
P. Limonta ◽  
R. Maggi ◽  
F. Piva
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Feedback Effect ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Opioid Binding ◽  
Positive Feedback Effect

These experiments were performed to analyze whether treatments of ovariectomized female rats with ovarian steroid regimens able to induce either an increase (positive feedback effect) or a decrease (negative feedback effect) of serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) have some impact on the characteristics of mu-opioid binding sites in circumscribed areas of the brain. The increase of serum levels of LH elicited by a treatment with estradiol benzoate (EB) plus progesterone (P; positive feedback effect) was accompanied by a significant decrease in the number of mu-binding sites in the hypothalamus and in the corpus striatum. The decrease in serum levels of LH induced by a treatment with EB alone (negative feedback effect) brought about a significant increase of the number of mu-binding sites in the thalamus and in the hippocampus. These results seem to suggest that the release of LH induced by EB plus P may involve a decrease of hypothalamic mu-binding sites. Apparently, the inhibitory effect on LH release exerted by EB alone does not involve any change of the density of these binding sites in the hypothalamus.

Inequality and Democratic Support in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burhanuddin Muhtadi ◽  
Eve Warburton
Keyword(s):  
Public Support ◽  
Partisan Politics ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Support For Democracy ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Perceptions Of Inequality ◽  
Democratic Support ◽  
The Relationship

Indonesia is a country of significant inequalities, but we know little about how Indonesians feel about the gap between rich and poor. Comparative research suggests that negative perceptions of inequality can erode public support for democratic institutions. Using survey data, we explore the relationship between inequality and support for democracy in Indonesia. We find Indonesians are divided in their beliefs about income distribution. But this variation is not determined by actual levels of inequality around the country, nor by people's own economic situation; instead, political preferences and partisan biases are what matter most. Beliefs about inequality in Indonesia have become increasingly partisan over the course of the Jokowi presidency: supporters of the political opposition are far more likely to view the income gap as unfair, while supporters of the incumbent president tend to disagree—but they disagree much more when prompted by partisan cues. We also find that Indonesians who believe socio-economic inequality is unjust are more likely to hold negative attitudes toward democracy. We trace both trends back to populist campaigns and the increasingly polarized ideological competition that marked the country's recent elections. The shift toward more partisan politics in contemporary Indonesia has, we argue, consequences for how voters perceive inequality and how they feel about the democratic status quo.

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