On human blood, rock art and calcium oxalate: further studies on organic carbon content and radiocarbon age of materials relating to Australian rock art

Antiquity ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (272) ◽  
pp. 430-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Radiocarbon Age ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Supplementary Report

Minute biological traces, with their prospect of recovering even ancient DNA, are the most attractive of archaeological materials to work with. This supplementary report on field studies of rock-art first published in ANTIQUITY further explores how these studies may in truth be carried out.

scholarly journals CALCIUM OXALATE RADIOCARBON DATING: PRELIMINARY TESTS TO DATE ROCK ART OF THE DECORATED OPEN-AIR CAVES, ERONGO MOUNTAINS, NAMIBIA

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jean-Pascal Dumoulin ◽  
Matthieu Lebon ◽  
Ingrid Caffy ◽  
Guilhem Mauran ◽  
Alma Nankela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Targeted Sampling ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Carbon Compounds ◽  
First Results ◽  
Two Phases

ABSTRACT The direct dating of rock paintings is not always possible due to the lack of organic carbon compounds in pigments, or because sampling from a heritage site is often restricted. To overcome these limitations, dating laboratories have to develop new approaches. In this study, we consider sampling calcium oxalate crusts covering the painted artworks as a way to indirectly date the rock art. This stratigraphic approach includes isolating and extracting pure oxalate from the crusts. The approach was tested on natural bulk accretions collected in the open-air sites of Erongo Mountains in Namibia. The accretions were separated into two phases (pure oxalate and the remaining residues) with a special pretreatment. This process removes carbonates through acidification (HCl 6N) and dissolves the oxalate into the supernatant, leaving the minerals and windblown organic compounds in the residue. The efficiency of the separation was checked on the two phases by FTIR analyses and by 14C dating and showed that pure oxalate powders were indeed obtained. AMS radiocarbon results of various accretions on the same art panels provided ages from modern periods to 2410 ± 35 BP. From these first results, more targeted sampling campaigns can be considered to provide a terminus ante quem for the rock art.

scholarly journals The change in carbonate state and other properties in chronosequences of abandoned soils in different parent rocks in the reserve «Galich'ia Gora» in the Lipetsk oblast

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Bulysheva ◽  
◽  
Olga S. Khokhlova ◽  
Nikita O. Bakunovich ◽  
Alexey V. Rusakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Radiocarbon Age ◽  
Carbonate Carbon ◽  
Haplic Chernozems ◽  
Parent Rocks ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Stable Forms

The article considers the change in the properties of Haplic Chernozems (Aric) on loesslike loams and Сalcaric Phaeozems (Aric) on Paleogene, Neogene red-colored sands with limestone eluvium of the Lipetsk region when they are transferred from cropland to fallow. The main attention is focused on the change in the carbonate status of soils. According to the results of the study, it was found that the transformation of both types of soils formed on different rocks obeys a single trend. Carbonates in Chernozems during their stay in fallow are washed down the profile; stable forms of carbonate pedofeatures gradually disappear. The content and stocks of carbonate carbon in the 0-200 cm layer in Haplic Chernozems (Aric) decrease by 27.5 t/ha by 25 years of fallow state. In Сalcaric Phaeozems (Aric), changes in the carbonate status are less pronounced; nevertheless, it was found that in the arable soil on the fragments of limestone, secondary carbonate films in the form of acicular calcite are formed on top of clay films, which was not observed in the abandoned soils. When the soil is in the fallow, the physical and mechanical properties of the soil improve: the structure of the arable horizons is improved, density decreases. The organic carbon content is reduced. This is an atypical result of postagrogenic transformation of Haplic Chernozems (Aric). In the fallow soils of other regions of steppe and forest-steppe, we observed the process of accumulation of organic carbon. The decrease in soil organic carbon while in the fallow is associated with the use of soil-saving technologies for agricultural use. The radiocarbon age of humus in subsurface horizons increases when soil is in the fallow. The radiocarbon age of carbonates in soils varies depending on the amount of lithogenic calcite inclusion.

Space-time monitoring of soil organic carbon content across a semi-arid region of Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e00367
Author(s):  
Patrick Filippi ◽  
Stephen R. Cattle ◽  
Matthew J. Pringle ◽  
Thomas F.A. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Influence of Slope Gradient and Aspect on Soil Organic Carbon Content in the Region of Niš, Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8332
Author(s):  
Snežana Jakšić ◽  
Jordana Ninkov ◽  
Stanko Milić ◽  
Jovica Vasin ◽  
Milorad Živanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Uncultivated Land

Topography-induced microclimate differences determine the local spatial variation of soil characteristics as topographic factors may play the most essential role in changing the climatic pattern. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) with respect to the slope gradient and aspect, and to quantify their influence on SOC within different land use/cover classes. The study area is the Region of Niš in Serbia, which is characterized by complex topography with large variability in the spatial distribution of SOC. Soil samples at 0–30 cm and 30–60 cm were collected from different slope gradients and aspects in each of the three land use/cover classes. The results showed that the slope aspect significantly influenced the spatial distribution of SOC in the forest and vineyard soils, where N- and NW-facing soils had the highest level of organic carbon in the topsoil. There were no similar patterns in the uncultivated land. No significant differences were found in the subsoil. Organic carbon content was higher in the topsoil, regardless of the slope of the terrain. The mean SOC content in forest land decreased with increasing slope, but the difference was not statistically significant. In vineyards and uncultivated land, the SOC content was not predominantly determined by the slope gradient. No significant variations across slope gradients were found for all observed soil properties, except for available phosphorus and potassium. A positive correlation was observed between SOC and total nitrogen, clay, silt, and available phosphorus and potassium, while a negative correlation with coarse sand was detected. The slope aspect in relation to different land use/cover classes could provide an important reference for land management strategies in light of sustainable development.

scholarly journals Temporal mosaicking approaches of Sentinel-2 images for extending topsoil organic carbon content mapping in croplands

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 102277
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Vaudour ◽  
Cécile Gomez ◽  
Philippe Lagacherie ◽  
Thomas Loiseau ◽  
Nicolas Baghdadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Sentinel 2
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