Social interaction and rock art styles in the Atacama Desert (northern Chile)

Antiquity ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (321) ◽  
pp. 619-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Gallardo
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
The Social

In this ground-breaking study the author looks at three consecutive styles of rock art, placing them in the social context in which they were produced. Although necessarily succinct, the argument shows that as hierarchy increased and functioned over longer distances, rock art could perform as the organ of pastoralist authority, or the badge of marginalised hunters or, most often, as the imagery of consensus masking social inequality.

The Social Context of Apostasy among Fifteenth-Century Spanish Jewry

2008 ◽  
pp. 173-198
Author(s):  
Ram Ben-Shalom
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Self ◽  
New Rhetoric ◽  
Christian Art ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Messages

This chapter seeks to ground individual expressions of the new rhetoric in concrete details of the social context of apostasy that spawned it. It discusses how Jews and the Conversos engaged in the construction and reconstruction of their respective identities in response to the mass conversions. It also emphasizes how the Jew was an entirely contemporary concept and representative of real Jews and Conversos that is firmly rooted in the realities of social interaction during the fifteenth-century Castile. The chapter recognizes the elusiveness and mutability of ethnic and religious identity in formulating the essential characteristics of the self. It describes images of the anthropomorphized figures of Church and Synagogue that adorn the Christian art of western Europe and which contain theological and social messages revealing the chasm separating Christianity and Judaism.

Wild or Domesticated? Camelids in Early Formative Rock Art of the Atacama Desert (Northern Chile)

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Gallardo ◽  
Hugo Yacobaccio
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
South American ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Visual Preferences ◽  
Early Formative

AbstractThe absence of suitable methodologies to distinguish between wild and domesticated camelids in rock art has limited the interpretation of visual preferences of Andean prehispanic cultures. Although rock art’s contextual information may provide some indications that help to differentiate between wild and domesticated animals, uncertainty prevails because the relation to camelid forms is indirect. Zoological and zooarchaeological knowledge of South American camelid morphology is used as a means of comparison and identification in Atacama Desert rock art attributed to the Initial Pastoral phase (1500–500 B.C., Early Formative period, northern Chile). Based on this analysis, there are strong arguments for a distinctive graphic representation of wild as opposed to domesticated camelids, as well as a correspondence of these representations to two different modes of subsistence—one of hunters and the other of husbandry-pastoralist societies—which would have coexisted during this transitional period.

scholarly journals SCALa: A blueprint for computational models of language acquisition in social context

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sho Tsuji ◽  
Alejandrina Cristia ◽  
Emmanuel Dupoux
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Language Learner ◽  
Early Language ◽  
The Social

Theories and data on language acquisition suggest a range of cues are used, ranging from information on structure found in the linguistic signal itself, to information gleaned from the environmental context or through social interaction. We propose a blueprint for computational models of the early language learner (SCALa, for Socio-Computational Architecture of Language Acquisition) that makes explicit the connection between the kinds of information available to the social learner and the computational mechanisms required to extract language-relevant information and learn from it. SCALa integrates a range of views on language acquisition, further allowing us to make precise recommendations for future large-scale empirical research.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the social context in coping selection and social interaction.

2013 ◽  
Vol 77 (0) ◽  
pp. 3AM-052-3AM-052
Author(s):  
Hiroshi MORIMOTO ◽  
Naoko AYABE ◽  
Rui HASHIMOTO ◽  
Sayuri MINE ◽  
Hironori SHIMADA
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Context ◽  
The Social

Militarisation and the contest of modernities

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy Sadan
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Elite Group ◽  
Development Organisation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Entity ◽  
Strong Orientation

Following on from discussion of emerging ideological models of modern ‘Kachin’ ethno-nationalism in Chapters 2 and 3, this chapter examines how a new elite group emerged from a social entity now called ‘Kachin’ who were to have great influence upon these developments: the Kachin soldiers who signed up to imperial military structures between the two World Wars. It describes how the social context of recruitment created pressures within Kachin society when these soldiers were demobilised. It also describes how a new social development organisation emerged from this group, led by Subedar Major Jinghpaw Gam. Neither gumsa nor gumlao, but representing a new orientation for political and social interaction, and with a strong orientation towards social welfare and education, it also had much in common with anti-colonial movements seen across the region and should be understood in this light.

Economic Organization and Social Dynamics of Middle-Holocene Hunter-Gatherer-Fisher Communities on the Coast of the Atacama Desert (Taltal, Northern Chile)

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Salazar ◽  
Carola Flores ◽  
César Borie ◽  
Laura Olguín ◽  
Sandra Rebolledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Middle Holocene ◽  
Chilean Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
Maritime Adaptations

Chapter 3 summarizes research on maritime adaptations at Middle Holocene (~7,500 to 4,500 cal BP) occupations of the southern extreme of the Atacama Desert, centered around Taltal on the north Chilean coast. Through this period, the authors see increasing population, complexity, and sedentism, but the social system comes to an abrupt end at 4,500 cal BP. In this hyperarid region, marine resources were always extremely important.

On the Social Context of Southern African Rock Art

1984 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Woodhouse ◽  
J. D. Lewis-Williams
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Loss of Social/Non-social Context Discrimination by Movement Acceleration in the Valproate Model of Autism

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelva T. Quezada ◽  
Sebastiana F. Salas-Ortíz ◽  
Francisco A. Peralta ◽  
Felipe I. Aguayo ◽  
Katherine P. Morgado-Gallardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Crucial Effect ◽  
The Social ◽  
Movement Parameters ◽  
Social Communicative ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Social Area

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental alteration characterized by social/communicative deficits, repetitive/stereotyped movements, and restricted/obsessive interests. However, there is not much information about whether movement alterations in ASD comprise modifications at the basic kinematic level, such as trajectory and velocity, which may contribute to the higher level of processing that allows the perception and interpretation of actions performed by others, and hence, impact social interaction. In order to further explore possible motor alterations in ASD, we analyzed movement parameters in the Valproate (VPA) animal model of autism. We found that VPA-treated rats displayed greater movement acceleration, reduced distance between stops, spent more time in the corner of the open-field arena, and executed a number of particular behaviors; for example, supported rearing and circling, with no major changes in distance and velocity. However, in the social interaction test, we found other alterations in the movement parameters. In addition to increased acceleration, VPA-rats displayed reduced velocity, increased stops, reduced distance/stop and lost the social/non-social area discrimination that is characteristic of control rats in acceleration and stops variables. Hence, even if prenatal VPA-treatment could have a minor effect in motor variables in a non-social context, it has a crucial effect in the capacity of the animals to adjust their kinematic variables when social/non-social context alternation is required.

scholarly journals Infants understand that only in social interaction language updates an agent's false belief

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Schulze ◽  
David Buttelmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Mental States ◽  
False Belief ◽  
The Social ◽  
Verbal Statement ◽  
Communicative Act ◽  
Violation Of Expectation ◽  
Actual Location

Correcting a person’s false belief verbally seems to affect infants’ predictions of this person’s belief-based actions. However, the role of the context in which this verbal correction takes place has not been investigated. That is, it is not yet clear whether it is the social interaction between interlocutors that makes children interpret an utterance as a communicative act that alters the recipient’s mental states. Using a violation-of-expectation paradigm, we tested whether 18-month-olds (n=84) understood that for a communicative act to be successful in repairing an agent’s false belief, the agent had to discern the verbal statement. Participants saw how an agent put a toy into a box and left. An assistant then moved the toy into a cup. Before the agent reached into either the box or the cup, an intervention phase varied the social context within which communication took place. In a social context without any statement, infants expected the agent to search the toy at the original location. In a non-social context with a statement, infants had no clear expectations. However, in a social context with a statement, infants updated their predictions about the agent’s action, expecting her to search the toy at the actual location. Thus, 18-month-olds infer that a social interaction is required for a communicative act to be successful and to repair an agent’s false belief.

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