Older adults have an altered chylomicron response to a high-fat meal

AbstractAgeing is associated with a prolonged and exaggerated postprandial lipaemia. This study aimed to examine the contribution of alterations in chylomicron synthesis, size and lipid composition to increased lipaemia. Healthy older (60–75 years; n 15) and younger (20–25 years; n 15) subjects consumed a high-fat breakfast. Chylomicron dynamics and fatty acid composition were analysed for 5 h in the postprandial state. Plasma TAG levels were elevated following the meal in the older subjects, relative to younger subjects (P<0·01). For older subjects compared with younger subjects, circulating chylomicron particle size was smaller (P<0·05), with greater apoB content (P<0·05) at all postprandial time points. However, total chylomicron TAG concentration between the groups was unaltered post-meal. Compared with younger subjects, the older subjects exhibited a greater proportion of oleic acid in the TAG and phospholipid (PL) fraction (P<0·05), plus lower proportions of linoleic acid in the TAG fraction of the chylomicrons (P<0·01). Thus, following the ingestion of a high-fat meal, older individuals demonstrate both smaller, more numerous chylomicrons, with a greater total MUFA and lower PUFA contents. These data suggest that the increased postprandial lipaemia of ageing cannot be attributed to increased chylomicron TAG. Rather, ageing is associated with changes in chylomicron particle size, apoB content and fatty acid composition of the chylomicron TAG and PL fractions.

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Manipulation of fatty acid composition in a high-fat meal does not result in differential alterations in appetite or food intake in normal weight females: A single-blind randomized crossover study

Appetite ◽

10.1016/j.appet.2020.105085 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 160 ◽

pp. 105085

Author(s):

Austin J Graybeal ◽

Meena Shah ◽

Jada L. Willis

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Food Intake ◽

Crossover Study ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Normal Weight ◽

High Fat ◽

Single Blind ◽

Randomized Crossover Study ◽

Fat Meal

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Effects of dietary fatty acid composition from a high fat meal on satiety

Appetite ◽

10.1016/j.appet.2013.05.006 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 69 ◽

pp. 39-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Amanda Kozimor ◽

Hui Chang ◽

Jamie A. Cooper

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Dietary Fatty Acid ◽

High Fat ◽

Dietary Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fat Meal

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Does Varying The Fatty Acid Composition Of A High-fat Meal Modify Postprandial Lipemia?

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000687452.80018.1c ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (7S) ◽

pp. 1084-1084

Author(s):

Breanna L. Davidson ◽

Stephanie P. Kurti ◽

Jeremy D. Akers ◽

Elizabeth S. Edwards

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Postprandial Lipemia ◽

High Fat ◽

Fat Meal

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A grape polyphenol extract modulates muscle membrane fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism in high-fat–high-sucrose diet-fed rats

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511000602 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 106 (4) ◽

pp. 491-501 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Manar Aoun ◽

Francoise Michel ◽

Gilles Fouret ◽

Audrey Schlernitzauer ◽

Vincent Ollendorff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽

Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition ◽

High Fat ◽

Gene And Protein Expression ◽

High Sucrose

Accumulation of muscle TAG content and modification of muscle phospholipid fatty acid pattern may have an impact on lipid metabolism, increasing the risk of developing diabetes. Some polyphenols have been reported to modulate lipid metabolism, in particular those issued from red grapes. The present study was designed to determine whether a grape polyphenol extract (PPE) modulates skeletal muscle TAG content and phospholipid fatty acid composition in high-fat–high-sucrose (HFHS) diet-fed rats. Muscle plasmalemmal and mitochondrial fatty acid transporters, GLUT4 and lipid metabolism pathways were also explored. The PPE decreased muscle TAG content in HFHS/PPE diet-fed rats compared with HFHS diet-fed rats and induced higher proportions of n-3 PUFA in phospholipids. The PPE significantly up-regulated GLUT4 mRNA expression. Gene and protein expression of muscle fatty acid transporter cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) was increased in HFHS diet-fed rats but returned to control values in HFHS/PPE diet-fed rats. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 protein expression was decreased with the PPE. Mitochondrial β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase was increased in HFHS diet-fed rats and returned to control values with PPE supplementation. Lipogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial activity were not affected by the PPE. In conclusion, the PPE modulated membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition and decreased muscle TAG content in HFHS diet-fed rats. The PPE lowered CD36 gene and protein expression, probably decreasing fatty acid transport and lipid accumulation within skeletal muscle, and increased muscle GLUT4 expression. These effects of the PPE are in favour of a better insulin sensibility.

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Ethanol with a mixed meal increases postprandial triacylglycerol but decreases postprandial non-esterified fatty acid concentrations

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114500000763 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 83 (6) ◽

pp. 597-604 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Barbara A. Fielding ◽

Guy Reid Michelle Grady ◽

Sandy M. Humphreys ◽

Kevin Evans ◽

Keith N. Frayn

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Test Meal ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Mixed Meal ◽

Postprandial Lipaemia ◽

Postprandial Period ◽

Specific Fatty Acid

Plasma triacylglycerol concentrations increase after the acute ingestion of alcohol (specifically ethanol). However, the effect of ethanol when consumed with a mixed meal has not been well studied. The objective of the present study was to determine the perturbations of lipid metabolism that occur after ingestion of ethanol in combination with a mixed meal of specific fatty acid composition. Blood samples were taken from seven healthy male subjects before and after a mixed meal, with and without ethanol. The specific fatty acid composition of the test meal allowed the fatty acids to be traced into the plasma non-esterified fatty acid pool during the postprandial period. Statistical analysis by repeated measures ANOVA showed significant effects of ethanol. For example, postprandial lipaemia was enhanced after the ethanol test meal compared with the control (P< 0·05), mainly due to increases in triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins in the flotation range Sf60–400 (VLDL1) (P< 0·05); those in the range Sf20–60 (VLDL2) and also Sf> 400 (chylomicrons) were not significantly affected. The later postprandial increase in plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations was reduced after the ingestion of ethanol (P< 0·001), but the proportions of palmitoleic acid (a marker of fatty acid content of the test meal) and of linoleic acid (a marker of endogenous lipolysis) were not affected. The results suggest a primary effect of ethanol on the stimulation of secretion of large VLDL particles, which then compete for clearance with chylomicrons by lipoprotein lipase. The results do not support an effect of ethanol on the release of non-esterified fatty acid into the plasma. The suppression of plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations during the postprandial period may contribute towards the beneficial effects of moderate ethanol consumption.

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