scholarly journals Inulin from Jerusalem artichoke tubers alleviates hyperglycaemia in high-fat-diet-induced diabetes mice through the intestinal microflora improvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyun Shao ◽  
Qiuhong Yu ◽  
Tingshuo Zhu ◽  
Anhong Liu ◽  
Xiumei Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Linear Discriminant

AbstractThe rate of hyperglycaemia in people around the world is increasing at an alarming rate at present, and innovative methods of alleviating hyperglycaemia are needed. The effects of Jerusalem artichoke inulin on hyperglycaemia, liver-related genes and the intestinal microbiota in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and treated with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce hyperglycaemia were investigated. Inulin-treated hyperglycaemic mice had decreased average daily food consumption, body weight, average daily water consumption and relative liver weight and blood concentrations of TAG, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and fasting blood glucose. Liver-related gene expressions in hyperglycaemic (HFD-fed and STZ-treated) compared with control mice showed eighty-four differentially expressed genes (forty-nine up-regulated and thirty-five down-regulated). In contrast, hyperglycaemic mice treated with inulin had twenty-two differentially expressed genes compared with control ones. Using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology, the rarefaction and the rank abundance curves as well as the α diversity indices showed the treatment-induced differences in bacterial diversity in intestine. The linear discriminant analysis of effect size showed that the inulin treatment improved intestinal microbiota; in particular, it significantly increased the number of Bacteroides in the intestine of mice. In conclusion, inulin is potentially an effective functional food for the prevention and/or treatment of hyperglycaemia.

scholarly journals Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota in early life aggravates high-fat diet induced dysmetabolism in adult mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. H. Miao ◽  
W. X. Zhou ◽  
R. Y. Cheng ◽  
H. J. Liang ◽  
F. L. Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Disorders

Abstract Background Accumulating evidence have shown that the intestinal microbiota plays an important role in prevention of host obesity and metabolism disorders. Recent studies also demonstrate that early life is the key time for the colonization of intestinal microbes in host. However, there are few studies focusing on possible association between intestinal microbiota in the early life and metabolism in adulthood. Therefore the present study was conducted to examine whether the short term antibiotic and/or probiotic exposure in early life could affect intestinal microbes and their possible long term effects on host metabolism. Results A high-fat diet resulted in glucose and lipid metabolism disorders with higher levels of visceral fat rate, insulin-resistance indices, and leptin. Exposure to ceftriaxone in early life aggravated the negative influences of a high-fat diet on mouse physiology. Orally fed TMC3115 protected mice, especially those who had received treatment throughout the whole study, from damage due to a high-fat diet, such as increases in levels of fasting blood glucose and serum levels of insulin, leptin, and IR indices. Exposure to ceftriaxone during the first 2 weeks of life was linked to dysbiosis of the fecal microbiota with a significant decrease in the species richness and diversity. However, the influence of orally fed ceftriaxone on the fecal microbiota was limited to 12 weeks after the termination of treatment. Of note, at week 12 there were still some differences in the composition of intestinal microbiota between mice provided with high fat diet and antibiotic exposure and those only fed a high fat diet. Conclusions These results indicated that exposure to antibiotics, such as ceftriaxone, in early life may aggravate the negative influences of a high-fat diet on the physiology of the host animal. These results also suggest that the crosstalk between the host and their intestinal microbiota in early life may be more important than that in adulthood, even though the same intestinal microbes are present in adulthood.

scholarly journals Citrobacter Species Increase Energy Harvest by Modulating Intestinal Microbiota in Fish: Nondominant Species Play Important Functions

mSystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Ling Zhang ◽  
Miao Li ◽  
Yi Sheng ◽  
Fang Tan ◽  
Liqiao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Energy Harvest ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Microbial Composition

ABSTRACT An efficient energy harvesting mechanism is likely critical for animals in their natural environment. Intestinal microbiota enriched by a high-fat diet aid in lipid accumulation, a strategy likely evolved for energy harvest in mammals. However, whether this strategy is conserved among vertebrate organisms remains unclear. A bacterial strain (S1), enriched on soybean oil rich medium, was isolated from the gut of Nile tilapia and demonstrated to be a member of the Citrobacter genus. Although a high-fat diet increased the number of Citrobacter spp., these bacteria were not abundant in the intestine by high-throughput sequencing. Addition of bacterium S1 to a high-fat diet modulated intestinal microbial composition and increased high-fat diet-induced lipid accumulation in mesenteric adipose tissue, accompanied by (i) increased triglyceride absorption efficiency and triglyceride reesterification and (ii) increased intestinal permeability. Collectively, our results provide evidence that specific intestinal bacteria aid the host in harvesting more energy from a high-fat diet in fish. Furthermore, the results from the present study also suggest that nondominant bacteria in the gut may play an important role in regulating host metabolism. IMPORTANCE This study shows that the ability of gut microbiota members to enhance host energy harvest from a high-fat diet is a conserved feature of host-microbe interactions in fish, as in mammals. It also underscores that gut microbiota members are able to significantly impact host biology even when at low abundance.

scholarly journals DNA methylation alters transcriptional rates of differentially expressed genes and contributes to pathophysiology in mice fed a high fat diet

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pili Zhang ◽  
Tianjiao Chu ◽  
N. Dedousis ◽  
Benjamin S. Mantell ◽  
Ian Sipula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
High Fat

scholarly journals Differentially Expressed Genes in Subcutaneous FatTissue in an Obese Pig Model Induced by a High-Fat Diet

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 1804-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Li ◽  
Hua Zhao ◽  
Ji-Chang Zhou ◽  
Jia-Yong Tang ◽  
Xin-Gen Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Pig Model ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
High Fat

scholarly journals Investigating the effect of positional variation on mid-lactation mammary gland transcriptomics in mice fed either a low-fat or high-fat diet

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255770
Author(s):  
Adrienne A. Cheng ◽  
Wenli Li ◽  
Laura L. Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Positional Variation

Little attention has been given to the effect of positional variation of gene expression in the mammary gland. However, more research is shedding light regarding the physiological differences that mammary gland location can have on the murine mammary gland. Here we examined the differentially expressed genes between mammary gland positions under either a low-fat diet (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) in the mid-lactation mammary gland (lactation day 11; L11). Three-week old WT C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to either a low-fat diet (LFD) or high fat diet (HFD) (n = 3/group) and either the right thoracic mammary gland (TMG) or inguinal mammary gland (IMG) was collected from each dam for a total of 12 unique glands. Within each diet, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were first filtered by adjusted p-value (cutoff ≤ 0.05) and fold-change (FC, cutoff ≥2). Genes were further filtered by mean normalized read count with a cutoff≥10. We observed that mammary gland position had a significant impact on mammary gland gene expression with either LFD or HFD diet, with 1264 DEGs in LFD dams and 777 DEGs in HFD dams. We found that genes related to snRNP binding and translation initiation were most significantly altered between the TMG and IMG. Although we were not able to discern a molecular mechanism, many small nuclear RNAs and small nucleolar RNAs were differentially expressed between the TMG and IMG responsible for cellular functions such as splicing and ribosome biogenesis, which provides and interesting avenue for future research. Our study supports the hypothesis that collection of the mammary gland from a particular location influences mammary gland gene expression, thereby highlighting the importance for researchers to be vigilant in documenting and reporting which mammary gland they are using for their studies.

scholarly journals Effect of Duyun Compound Green Tea on Gut Microbiota Diversity in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Mice Revealed by Illumina High-Throughput Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Caibi Zhou ◽  
Xiaolu Zhou ◽  
Zhirui Wen ◽  
Zaibo Yang ◽  
Ren Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria

Intake of a high-fat diet (HFD) is closely related to disorders of the intestinal microbiota, which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Duyun compound green tea, an ancient Chinese drink, is widely consumed to reduce weight, although the mechanism is not clear. In this study, 50 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group (CK), HFD model control group (NK), positive control group with medicine (YK), low-dose compound tea group (DL), and high-dose compound tea group (DH). After 4 weeks of intervention, the feces of mice were taken under sterile conditions and evaluated using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the diversity of intestinal microbiota was the highest in the CK group, the lowest in the NK group, and relatively increased in the compound tea treatment group. Second, there were differences in intestinal microbiota in each group, among which the beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract of the CK group were higher than those in the other groups, while the beneficial bacteria in each compound tea treatment group were more abundant than those in the NK group, in which harmful bacteria in the intestinal tract were found to be the highest. These results suggest that compounds in tea may be able to attenuate imbalances of intestinal microbiota induced by poor diet, acting as a therapeutic agent in obesity or other diseases associated with gut dysbiosis.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic analysis investigating the interaction between peripheral serotonin and high-fat diet feeding on mammary gene expression in midlactation mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
A. A. Cheng ◽  
W. Li ◽  
L. L. Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
P Value ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Peak Lactation

To understand the role of peripheral serotonin and its interaction with diet in midlactation mammary gene expression, our study uses tryptophan hydroxylase 1 knockout ( Tph1-KO) mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). It has previously been demonstrated that HFD feeding increases inflammatory and immune pathways in peak lactation mammary glands of mice and increases pup mortality in wild-type (WT) mice compared with dams fed a low-fat diet (LFD). Peripheral serotonin inhibition has been associated with resistance to obesity in male mice fed an HFD. Little is known about the function of Tph1 and how peripheral serotonin affects mammary gland function during pregnancy and lactation. In this study, WT and Tph1-KO models were used to investigate global transcriptomic changes in peak lactation mammary glands when dams were fed either an HFD or LFD. WT and Tph1-KO female mice were assigned to either an LFD or HFD beginning at 3 wk of age ( n = 4/group). Dams were euthanized on lactation day 11. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were first filtered by adjusted P value (cutoff ≤ 0.05) and fold-change (FC, cutoff ≥2). Genes were further filtered by mean normalized read count with a cutoff 310. We did not observe many differentially expressed genes in WT and Tph1-KO dams fed LFD. However, 3,529 DEGs were observed between WT-HFD and Tph1-KO-HFD mice, including cell cycle regulation and MAPK pathways being significantly enriched. Further research is required to completely understand the physiological significance of our results on peak lactation mammary physiology and the contribution of serotonin.

scholarly journals Extract of Wax Gourd Peel Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia in C57BL/6 Mice via the Inhibition of the PPARγPathway

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Gu ◽  
Shengjie Fan ◽  
Gaigai Liu ◽  
Lu Guo ◽  
Xiaobo Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Wax Gourd

Wax gourd is a popular vegetable in East Asia. In traditional Chinese medicine, wax gourd peel is used to prevent and treat metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. However, there is no experimental evidence to support these applications. Here, we examined the effect of the extract of wax gourd peel (EWGP) on metabolic disorders in diet-induced C57BL/6 obese mice. In the preventive experiment, EWGP blocked body weight gain and lowered serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), liver TG and TC contents, and fasting blood glucose in mice fed with a high-fat diet. In the therapeutic study, we induced obesity in the mice and treated with EWGP for two weeks. We found that EWGP treatment reduced serum and liver triglyceride (TG) contents and fasting blood glucose and improved glucose tolerance in the mice. Reporter assay and gene expression analysis showed that EWGP could inhibit peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ) transactivities and could decrease mRNA levels of PPARγand its target genes. We also found that HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) was downregulated in the mouse liver by EWGP. Our data suggest that EWGP lowers hyperlipidemia of C57BL/6 mice induced by high-fat diet via the inhibition of PPARγand HMGCR signaling.

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