Association between free sugar intake and nutrient dilution among Japanese children and adolescents: the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Aya Fujiwara ◽  
Emiko Okada ◽  
Chika Okada ◽  
Mai Matsumoto ◽  
Hidemi Takimoto
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
National Health ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Record

Abstract The influence of free sugar intake on nutrient intake remains unclear in Japanese children and adolescents with relatively low free sugar intake. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between free sugar and selected nutrient intakes using data from the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan, based on the WHO recommendations (<5 % or <10 % of energy (%E)) for free sugar intake. A 1-d weighed dietary record was assessed in Japanese children and adolescents (aged 1–19 years; n 2919). Mean intakes for selected nutrients and food groups were compared according to free sugar intake categories (<2·5 %E, 2·5 to <5 %E, 5 to <10 %E and ≥10 %E) with adjustment for sex, age and weight status. Inverse associations were observed between intakes of free sugars and twenty-one of twenty-four micronutrients assessed, except for vitamins A and C and Ca. Significantly reduced intakes were identified for twenty-two and fourteen micronutrients in the ≥10 %E and 5 to <0 %E categories, respectively, compared with the lower categories. Mean micronutrient intakes at the <2·5 %E category did not differ from those at the 2·5 to <5 %E category. Free sugar intake had positive associations with intakes of sugars and jams, confectioneries, fruit and vegetable juices, and soft drinks and negative associations with intakes of pulses and nuts and vegetables. This study showed that nutrient dilution was associated with higher free sugar intake among Japanese children and adolescents. The findings suggest that the WHO recommendations might help prevent nutrient dilution in Japanese children and adolescents.

Consumption of meals prepared away from home is related to the inadequacy of dietary fibre and minerals intake among Japanese adults aged 18-64 years: analysis from the 2015 National Health and Nutrition Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Matsumoto ◽  
Aki Saito ◽  
Chika Okada ◽  
Emiko Okada ◽  
Ryoko Tajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
National Health ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Dietary Reference Intake ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Dietary Record

Abstract Background: Consumption of home-prepared meals may lead to better nutritional intake. Few studies have examined the association between the frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home and the adequacy of nutritional intake based on nutritional standards. We therefore aimed to investigate this issue among Japanese adults.Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of the 2015 National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan, involving 921 men and 1300 women aged 18–64 years, conducted as a cross-sectional survey. The frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home was defined using two questions inquiring about the frequency of eating out and take-away meals. Data on dietary intake were collected using a one-day semi-weighed household dietary record. The inadequacy of each nutrient intake was assessed by comparing estimated average requirement (EAR) level for 14 nutrients and the range of the dietary goal (DG) for seven nutrients according to the 2015 version of the Dietary Reference Intake for Japanese. Participants were stratified into three groups based on the frequency of consumption of home-prepared meals. Group differences in nutrients inadequacy were assessed using the covariate and logistic regression analysis, respectively.Results: The proportion of participants who consumed home-prepared meals almost every day were 34.9% among men and 46.8% among women, and the proportion of those rarely consuming were 14.7% and 6.3%, respectively.A higher frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home was associated with lower intake and adequacy of dietary fiber and minerals (iron, calcium, potassium etc.), and with lower intake of vegetables and lower intake of oils.Conclusions: High frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home was associated with insufficient intake of dietary fiber and multiple mineral intakes among Japanese adults. Dietary fiber and mineral intake may be the potential target of interventions aimed at improving nutrient intake in individuals who predominantly eat food prepared away from home.

scholarly journals Current patterns of water and beverage consumption among Mexican children and adolescents aged 1–18 years: analysis of the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 2166-2175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Piernas ◽  
Simon Barquera ◽  
Barry M Popkin
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
National Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Daily Water

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate patterns of water consumption from plain water, beverages and foods among Mexican children and adolescents and to compare actual patterns of total daily water intake with the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI).DesignWe analysed one 24 h dietary recall from Mexican children and adolescents. We calculated intakes of total daily water and water from foods and from beverages. Actual total water intake per capita was subtracted from the DRI for water to calculate the shortfall.SettingMexican National Health and Nutrition Survey in 2012.SubjectsMexican children and adolescents (n 6867) aged 1–18 years.ResultsApproximately 73 % of children and adolescents aged 1–18 years reported drinking plain water. Beverages and plain water represented 65·5 % and 26·5 % of total daily water intake, respectively. Among 1–3-year-olds, the top three main sources of water were from foods, plain water and water from plain milk. Among 4–8- and 9–13-year-olds, the main sources were from foods, plain water and agua fresca (fruit water). Among 14–18-year-olds, the main sources of water were plain water, water from foods and soda. A higher proportion of 1–3-year-olds and 4–8-year-olds met the DRI for water (38 % and 29 %, respectively). Among 9–13-year-olds and 14–18-year-olds, 13–19 % of children met the DRI for water.ConclusionsTotal daily water intakes remain below DRI levels in all age groups. Although plain water still contributes the greatest proportion to daily water intake among fluids, caloric beverages are currently major sources of water especially among older children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Infrequent home-cooked meal consumption is related to the inadequacy of dietary fibre and minerals intake among Japanese adults aged 18-64 years: analysis from the 2015 National Health and Nutrition Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Matsumoto ◽  
Aki Saito ◽  
Chika Okada ◽  
Emiko Okada ◽  
Hidemi Takimoto
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
National Health ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Dietary Reference Intake ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Meal Consumption

Abstract Background: Consumption of home-cooked meals may lead to better nutritional intake. Few studies have examined the effect of frequency of home-cooked meal consumption on inadequacy of nutritional intake based on nutritional standards. We therefore aimed to examine the association between the frequency of home-cooked meal consumption and nutrient intake inadequacy among Japanese adults.Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of the 2015 National Health and Nutrition survey in Japan, involving 921 men and 1300 women aged 18–64 years, a cross-sectional survey. The frequency of home-cooked meal consumption was determined using two questions enquiring about the frequency of eating out and take-away meals. Data on dietary intake were collected using a one-day semi-weighed household dietary record. The inadequacy of each nutrient intake was assessed by comparing estimated average requirement (EAR) level for 14 nutrients and the range of the dietary goal (DG) for seven nutrients according to the 2015 version of the Dietary Reference Intake for Japanese. Participants were stratified into three groups based on the frequency of consuming home-cooked meals. Group differences in EAR and DG were assessed using the covariate and logistic regression analysis, respectively.Results: Among men and women, the proportion of participants who consumed home-cooked meals almost every day and meals prepared out of home at least once a day were 34.9% and 46.8%, and 14.7% and 6.3%, respectively. A higher frequency of consumption of home-cooked meals was associated with higher intake and adequacy of dietary fiber and minerals (iron, calcium, potassium etc.), and with higher intake of vegetables and lower intake of oils.Conclusions: Low frequency of home-cooked meal consumption was associated with insufficient intake of dietary fiber and multiple mineral intakes among Japanese adults. Dietary fiber and mineral intake may need to the focus of interventions aimed at improving nutrient intake in individuals who predominantly eat food prepared away from home.

scholarly journals Dietary glycaemic index and glycaemic load in relation to food and nutrient intake and indices of body fatness in British children and adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (8) ◽  
pp. 1512-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Murakami ◽  
Tracy A. McCaffrey ◽  
M. Barbara E. Livingstone
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Glycaemic Load ◽  
Dietary Record

The diversity of the associations of dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) with dietary intake and body fatness observed in epidemiological studies may be partly due to the differences in underlying dietary intake patterns. We examined the cross-sectional associations of dietary GI and GL with food and nutrient intakes and indices of body fatness in 818 children aged 4–10 years and 818 adolescents aged 11–18 years in Britain, based on the data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Dietary intake was assessed using a 7 d weighed dietary record. Overweight was defined as BMI ≥ 85th percentile of the age- and sex-specific British growth reference data. Central obesity was defined as waist:height ratio (WHtR) ≥ 0·5 (adolescents only). Breads, breakfast cereals and potatoes were the positive predictive food groups for dietary GI, while dairy products, fruit juice, other cereals and fruit were the negative predictors. Dietary GL was closely correlated with carbohydrate intake. Dietary GI showed no associations with overweight or central obesity. Conversely, dietary GL showed an independent association with a higher risk of overweight in children and a higher risk of central obesity (but not overweight) in adolescents. However, dietary GI and GL were not associated with BMI z-score in children and adolescents or WHtR in adolescents. In conclusion, the present study showed that dietary GL was independently associated with overweight in children and with central obesity in adolescents. Nevertheless, given no associations when body fatness measures were treated as continuous variables, the results must be interpreted cautiously.

scholarly journals Thirteen-Year Trends in Dietary Patterns among Japanese Adults in the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2003–2015: Continuous Westernization of the Japanese Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Murakami ◽  
M. Livingstone ◽  
Satoshi Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Animal Food ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
Japanese Diet

We examined 13-year trends in dietary patterns, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan 2003–2015. In repeated, independent cross-sectional studies, dietary intake was assessed with a one-day weighed dietary record in 88,527 Japanese adults aged ≥20 years. Using principal component analysis based on the daily consumption of 31 food groups, we identified three dietary patterns, the “plant food and fish”, “bread and dairy”, and “animal food and oil” patterns. In the whole sample, the “plant food and fish” pattern score decreased while the “bread and dairy” and “animal food and oil” pattern scores increased. The decreasing trends in the “plant food and fish” pattern were observed in all subgroups considered. The increasing trends in the “bread and dairy” pattern were similar across sexes and by current smoking status. However, in terms of age, occupation, and weight status, the increasing trends were only evident in particular subgroups (i.e., age 50–64 and ≥65 years; security/transportation/labor occupation and nonworker; and normal weight and overweight participants). For the “animal food and oil” pattern, the increasing trends were observed in all subgroups, except for the youngest age group (20–34 years old). This study suggests continuous Westernization of the Japanese diet.

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