Low-carbohydrate-diet and maternal glucose metabolism in Chinese pregnant women

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Qian Chen ◽  
Yajun Chen ◽  
Weijia Wu ◽  
Nu Tang ◽  
Dongyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Mixed Regression ◽  
Maternal Glucose

Abstract Few studies have suggested that long-term adherence to low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) may affect maternal glucose metabolism in western countries. We aimed to investigate the association between LCD during pregnancy and glucose metabolism in Chinese population. A total of 1,018 women in mid-pregnancy were recruited in 2017-2018. Participants underwent a 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Daily dietary intakes over the past month were accessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The overall, animal, and vegetable LCD scores which represent adherence to different low-carbohydrate dietary patterns were calculated. Mixed linear regression and generalized linear mixed regression were conducted to evaluate the associations between LCD scores and maternal glucose metabolism. Of the 1,018 subjects, 194 (19.1%) was diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The overall LCD score (β: 0.024, standard error (SE): 0.008, PFDR=0.02) and animal LCD score (β: 0.023, SE: 0.008, PFDR=0.02) was positively associated with OGTT 1-h glucose. No significant associations were found between the three different LCD scores with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), OGTT 2-h glucose, or insulin resistance, respectively. Compared with the lowest quartile, the crude odds ratios of GDM for the highest quartile were 1.84 (95% CI: 1.14, 2.95) for overall LCD score (P for trend = 0.02) and 1.56 (1.00, 2.45) for animal LCD score (P for trend = 0.02). However, these associations became nonsignificant after adjustment for covariates. In conclusion, a low-carbohydrate dietary pattern with high animal protein and fat is associated with higher postprandial 1-h glucose levels in Chinese pregnant women.

No influence of high- and low-carbohydrate diet on the oral glucose tolerance test in pregnancy

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai J Buhling ◽  
Eva Elsner ◽  
Christiane Wolf ◽  
Thomas Harder ◽  
Barbara Engel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals A Trial of Analysis Method for Insulin Secretion Response to Carbohydrate Loading

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Bando ◽  
Koji Ebe ◽  
Mayumi Hashimoto ◽  
Masahiro Bando ◽  
Tetsuo Muneta
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Authors et al. have continued diabetic practice and research for long, and started Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) first in Japan. We developed social LCD movement by Japanese LCD Promotion Association (JLCDPA), and proposed petite-, standard-, super LCDs with carbohydrate 40%, 26%, 12%, respectively. Methods included 9 healthy medical staffs and two exams of 75g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Meal Tolerance Test (MTT). MTT means super-LCD breakfast with carbohydrate 6g. Results showed that blood glucose / immunoreactive insulin (IRI) at 0-30 min on average changed 88.0-130.6 mg/dL/5.1-46.5 μU/mL for GTT, and 90.1-86.3 mg/dL/4.8-12.5 μU/mL for MTT. IRI responses in GTT and MTT were calculated by 3 methods, which are i) increment (delta), ii) Area Under the Curves (AUC), iii) Multiple (times) of basal value. Both data from GTT and MTT showed significant correlation in i) and ii) (p<0.05), but not significant in iii) (p=0.07, n=9). These results suggested that insulin secretion in MTT would be enough and relatively excessive for 6g of carbohydrate, leading to relatively decreased glucose at 30 min. Current analyses methods will become some reference for future development of diabetic research.

scholarly journals Comparing the first trimester and second trimester fifty grams oral glucose tolerance test values in gestational diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hasan Turan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Early Period ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
History Of

Objective: The present study aimed to assess the results of pregnant women who have been applied a 50 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in the first and second trimesters and investigate this method’s role in the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and risk factors associated with this disease. Material and Methods: This retrospective study was performed on 153 pregnant women who were admitted to our hospital’s antenatal clinics between March 2011 and August 2011. Fifty grams OGTT was applied to the same pregnant women both in the 1st trimester (between 8th and 14th weeks) and second trimester (between 24th and 28th weeks); values of the test results were then compared. A 100 g OGTT di- agnostic test was performed on those with a 50 g OGTT value of ≥140 mg/dl in both trimesters. The study patients were divided into two groups as non-GDM and GDM based on venous plasma glucose values measured 1 h after 50 g of oral glucose load given. The non-GDM group consisted of those with plasma glucose levels <140 mg/ dl and plasma glucose levels between 140 mg/dl and 200mg/dl, GDM group plasma glucose levels ≥200 mg/dl. First trimester and second-trimester OGTT values and possible risk factors for GDM (age, gravida, parity, number of abortions, smoking, a previous GDM history, etc.) were compared between non-GDM and GDM groups. Results: GDM, diagnosed in 4.5% (7) in the first trimester (between 8th and 14th weeks) and 6.5% (10) second trimester, was detected in 11% (17) of 153 pregnant women in the present study. GDM, diagnosed in 41.2% (7 patients) in the first trimester and 58.8% (10 patients) second trimester, was found with a higher rate in pregnant women over 30 years (p=0.000 <0.05). The mean fasting blood glucose (FBG) level was 96 mg/dl in the GDM group and 83 mg/dl in the non-GDM group, with a statistically sig- nificant difference, which existed (p<0.05). The mean 50 g OGTT value was 170 mg/ dl in pregnant women diagnosed with GDM in the first trimester, and it was 140 mg/dl in those diagnosed in the second trimester, with this difference was considered statis- tically different (p<0.05). Age, parity, a family history of DM, FBG, a previous GDM his- tory, gravida, a previous macrosomia history, and a previous history of preeclampsia were determined as risk factors that significantly increase the risk of GDM (p<0.05). The half of patients was diagnosed with GDM in the early period of pregnancy. In the present study, 41.2% of cases were diagnosed in the first trimester and 58.8% in the second trimester. In general, the patients diagnosed in the first trimester were those being under risk in terms of GDM. According to the present study, it is recommended that the pregnant women should be scanned for GDM in the early period. Conclusion: With screening tests to be applied to risky groups in early pregnancy, a significant number of cases with GDM recently be detected on time. Thereby, mater- nal and fetal morbidity and mortality rates might be considerably reduced thanks to providing proper treatments and regular monitoring. Furthermore, for obtaining spe- cific data concerning the factors with potential influence on the risk of GDM, further studies on this topic need to be performed.

scholarly journals Continuous glucose monitoring in obese pregnant women with no hyperglycemia on glucose tolerance test

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253047
Author(s):  
Rosa Maria Rahmi ◽  
Priscila de Oliveira ◽  
Luciano Selistre ◽  
Paulo Cury Rezende ◽  
Gabriela Neuvald Pezzella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Objective The objective of the present study was to compare 24-hour glycemic levels between obese pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance and non-obese pregnant women. Methods In the present observational, longitudinal study, continuous glucose monitoring was performed in obese pregnant women with normal oral glucose tolerance test with 75 g of glucose between the 24th and the 28th gestational weeks. The control group (CG) consisted of pregnant women with normal weight who were selected by matching the maternal age and parity with the same characteristics of the obese group (OG). Glucose measurements were obtained during 72 hours. Results Both the groups were balanced in terms of baseline characteristics (age: 33.5 [28.7–36.0] vs. 32.0 [26.0–34.5] years, p = 0.5 and length of pregnancy: 25.0 [24.0–25.0] vs. 25.5 [24.0–28.0] weeks, p = 0.6 in the CG and in the OG, respectively). Pre-breakfast glycemic levels were 77.77 ± 10.55 mg/dL in the CG and 82.02 ± 11.06 mg/dL in the OG (p<0.01). Glycemic levels at 2 hours after breakfast were 87.31 ± 13.10 mg/dL in the CG and 93.48 ± 18.74 mg/dL in the OG (p<0.001). Daytime blood glucose levels were 87.6 ± 15.4 vs. 93.1 ± 18.3 mg/dL (p<0.001) and nighttime blood glucose levels were 79.3 ± 15.8 vs. 84.7 ± 16.3 mg/dL (p<0.001) in the CG and in the OG, respectively. The 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime values of the area under the curve were higher in the OG when compared with the CG (85.1 ± 0.16 vs. 87.9 ± 0.12, 65.6 ± 0.14 vs. 67.5 ± 0.10, 19.5 ± 0.07 vs. 20.4 ± 0.05, respectively; p<0.001). Conclusion The results of the present study showed that obesity in pregnancy was associated with higher glycemic levels even in the presence of normal findings on glucose tolerance test.

scholarly journals Influence of Maternal Glycemia on Intrauterine Fetal Adiposity Distribution after a Normal Oral Glucose Tolerance Test at 28 Weeks Gestation

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Farah ◽  
Jennifer Hogan ◽  
Vicky O'Dwyer ◽  
Bernard Stuart ◽  
Mairead Kennelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Maternal Glucose Levels ◽  
Maternal Glucose

Objective. To examine the relationship between maternal glucose levels and intrauterine fetal adiposity distribution in women with a normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 28 weeks gestation.Study Design. We recruited 231 women with a singleton pregnancy. At 28 and 37 weeks gestation, sonographic measurements of fetal body composition were performed. Multiple regression analysis was used to study the influence of different maternal variables on fetal adiposity distribution.Results. Maternal glucose levels correlated with the fetal abdominal subcutaneous tissue measurements (; ) and with birth weight (; ). Maternal glucose levels did not correlate with the fetal mid-thigh muscle thickness and mid-thigh subcutaneous tissue measurements.Conclusion. We found that in nondiabetic women maternal glucose levels not only influence fetal adiposity and birth weight, but also influence the distribution of fetal adiposity. This supports previous evidence that maternal glycemia is a key determinant of intrauterine fetal programming.

scholarly journals Serum C18:1-Cer as a Potential Biomarker for Early Detection of Gestational Diabetes

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Ilona Juchnicka ◽  
Mariusz Kuźmicki ◽  
Piotr Zabielski ◽  
Adam Krętowski ◽  
Agnieszka Błachnio-Zabielska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
High Performance ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Potential Biomarker

We hypothesized that sphingolipids may be early biomarkers of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Here, 520 women with normal fasting plasma glucose levels were recruited in the first trimester and tested with a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test in the 24th–28th week of pregnancy. Serum sphingolipids concentrations were measured in the first and the second trimester by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS) in 53 patients who were diagnosed with GDM, as well as 82 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 32 non-pregnant women. In the first trimester, pregnant women showed higher concentrations of C16:0, C18:1, C22:0, C24:1, and C24:0-Cer and lower levels of sphinganine (SPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) compared to non-pregnant women. During pregnancy, we observed significant changes in C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, and C24:1-Cer levels in the GDM group and C18:1 and C24:0-Cer in NGT. The GDM (pre-conversion) and NGT groups in the first trimester differed solely in the levels of C18:1-Cer (AUC = 0.702 p = 0.008), also considering glycemia. Thus, C18:1-Cer revealed its potential as a GDM biomarker. Sphingolipids are known to be a modulator of insulin resistance, and our results indicate that ceramide measurements in early pregnancy may help with GDM screening.

scholarly journals Folate and vitamin B12 status: associations with maternal glucose and neonatal DNA methylation sites related to dysglycaemia, in pregnant women with obesity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wenneke van Weelden ◽  
Paul T. Seed ◽  
Elie Antoun ◽  
Keith M. Godfrey ◽  
Negusse T. Kitaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Differential Methylation ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Homoeostasis ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12 ◽  
Maternal Glucose

Abstract Recent studies implicate maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in differential methylation of infant DNA. Folate and vitamin B12 play a role in DNA methylation, and these vitamins may also influence GDM risk. The aims of this study were to determine folate and vitamin B12 status in obese pregnant women and investigate associations between folate and vitamin B12 status, maternal dysglycaemia and neonatal DNA methylation at cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites previously observed to be associated with dysglycaemia. Obese pregnant women who participated in the UK Pregnancies Better Eating and Activity Trial were included. Serum folate and vitamin B12 were measured at the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) visit. Cord blood DNA methylation was assessed using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Regression models with adjustment for confounders were used to examine associations. Of the 951 women included, 356 (37.4%) were vitamin B12 deficient, and 44 (4.6%) were folate deficient. Two-hundred and seventy-one women (28%) developed GDM. Folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were not associated with neonatal DNA methylation. Higher folate was positively associated with 1-h plasma glucose after OGTT (β = 0.031, 95% CI 0.001–0.061, p = 0.045). There was no relationship between vitamin B12 and glucose concentrations post OGTT or between folate or vitamin B12 and GDM. In summary, we found no evidence to link folate and vitamin B12 status with the differential methylation of neonatal DNA previously observed in association with dysglycaemia. We add to the evidence that folate status may be related to maternal glucose homoeostasis although replication in other maternal cohorts is required for validation.

THE EFFECT OF THE PROGESTOGEN ETHYNODIOL DIACETATE ON GLUCOSE, INSULIN, AND GROWTH HORMONE AFTER SIX MONTHS TREATMENT

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. Spellacy ◽  
W. C. Buhi ◽  
S. A. Birk
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Ethynodiol Diacetate ◽  
Tolerance Curve

ABSTRACT Seventy-one women were treated with a daily dose of 0.25 mg of the progestogen ethynodiol diacetate. They were all tested with a three-hour oral glucose tolerance test before beginning the steroid and then again during the sixth month of use. Measurements were made of blood glucose and plasma insulin and growth hormone levels. There was a significant elevation of the blood glucose levels after steroid treatment as well as a deterioration in the tolerance curve in 12.9% of the women. The plasma insulin values were also elevated after drug treatment whereas the fasting ambulatory growth hormone levels did not significantly change. There was a significant association between the changes in glucose and insulin levels and the subject's age, control weight, or weight gain during treatment. The importance of considering the metabolic effects of the progestogen component of oral contraceptives is stressed.

Antidiabetic Effect of Aqueous Corrigiola telephiifolia in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morad Hebi ◽  
Mohamed Eddouks
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Background: Corrigiola telephiifolia Pourr, is a perennial species, woody distributed throughout the north of Africa. This plant is used in traditional Mediterranean preparations and has many traditional uses especially treatment of diabetes. Aim/Methods: The current research was carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of Aerial Parts of Aqueous Extract (APAE) of Corrigiola telephiifolia (C. telephiifolia) on both normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats treated at a dose of 5 mg/kg for fifteen days. Additionally, the histopathological changes in the liver, morphometric analysis, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) in normal rats and preliminary phytochemical screening for various components were realized. Results: Single oral administration of the APAE of C. telephiifolia (5mg/kg) showed no significant change in glycaemia of normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats. In contrast, repeated oral administration of C. telephiifolia reduced blood glucose levels from 4.11 ± 0.10 mmol/L to 3.16 ± 0.16 mmol/L (p<0.01) 15 days after administration in normal rats. Furthermore, blood glucose levels decreased from 17.84 ± 1.75mmol/L to 1.93 ± 0.33 mmol/L (p<0.0001) in STZ diabetic rats after fifteen days of treatment. According to the oral glucose tolerance test, C. telephiifolia (5 mg/kg) was shown to prevent significantly the increase in blood glucose levels in normal treated rats 30 min after glucose administration when compared to the control group. Also, the liver architecture of diabetic rats treated by C. telephiifolia was improved when compared with the liver architecture of untreated diabetic rats. Concerning the preliminary phytochemical screening of C. telephiifolia, several compounds have been found such as polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, mucilage and terpenoids. Conclusion: The results show that the aqueous extract of C. telephiifolia possesses significant antihyperglycemic activity.

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