scholarly journals Anthropometric cut-points for discriminating diabetes and the metabolic syndrome among Arabs and Asians: the Kuwait Diabetes Epidemiology Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Victor M. Oguoma ◽  
Neil T. Coffee ◽  
Saad Alsharrah ◽  
Mohamed Abu-Farha ◽  
Faisal H. Al-Refaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
South Asian ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract This study aimed to determine anthropometric cut-points for screening diabetes and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Arab and South Asian ethnic groups in Kuwait and to compare the prevalence of the MetS based on the ethnic-specific waist circumference (WC) cut-point and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute WC criteria. The national population-based survey data set of diabetes and obesity in Kuwait adults aged 18–60 years was analysed. Age-adjusted logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted to evaluate for 3589 individuals the utility of WC, waist:height ratio (WHtR) and BMI to discriminate both diabetes and ≥3 CVD risk factors. Areas under the ROC curve were similar for WC, WHtR and BMI. In Arab men, WC, WHtR and BMI cut-offs for diabetes were 106 cm, 0·55 and 28 kg/m2 and for ≥3 CVD risk factors, 97 cm, 0·55 and 28 kg/m2, respectively. In Arab women, cut-offs for diabetes were 107 cm, 0·65 and 33 kg/m2 and for ≥3 CVD risk factors, 93 cm, 0·60 and 30 kg/m2, respectively. WC cut-offs were higher for South Asian women than men. IDF-based WC cut-offs corresponded to a higher prevalence of the MetS across sex and ethnic groups, compared with Kuwait-specific cut-offs. Any of the assessed anthropometric indices can be used in screening of diabetes and ≥3 CVD risk factors in Kuwaiti Arab and Asian populations. ROC values were similar. The WC threshold for screening the MetS in Kuwaiti Arabs and South Asians is higher for women.

scholarly journals Reversal Rate of Clustering of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in the General Population: The Niigata Preventive Medicine Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinsuke Okada ◽  
Akiko Suzuki ◽  
Hiroshi Watanabe ◽  
Toru Watanabe ◽  
Yoshifusa Aizawa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Reversal Rate ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The reversal rate from clustering of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors—components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is not known.Methods and Results. Among 35,534 subjects who received the annual health examinations at the NiigataHealth Foundation (Niigata, Japan), 4,911 subjects had clustering of 3 or more of the following CVD risk factors: (1) body mass index (BMI) ≥25 Kg/m2, (2) blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg in systolic and/or ≥85 mm Hg in diastolic, (3) triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, (4) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≤40 mg/dL in men, ≤50 mg/dL in women, and (5) fasting blood glucose ≥100 mg/dL. After 5 years 1,929 subjects had a reversal of clustering (39.4%). A reversal occurred more often in males. The subjects with a reversal of clustering had milder level of each risk factor and a smaller number of risk factors, while BMI was associated with the least chance of a reversal.Conclusion. We concluded that a reversal of clustering CVD risk factors is possible in 4/10 subjects over a 5-year period by habitual or medical interventions. Gender and each CVD risk factor affected the reversal rate adversely, and BMI was associated with the least chance of a reversal.

scholarly journals The Metabolic Syndrome: Time for a Critical Appraisal

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kahn ◽  
J. Buse ◽  
E. Ferrannini ◽  
M. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Criteria For Diagnosis ◽  
Treat All ◽  
Underlying Pathophysiology ◽  
Considerable Doubt

The term «metabolic syndrome» refers to a clustering of specific cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors whose underlying pathophysiology is thought to be related to insulin resistance. Since the term is widely used in research and clinical practice, we undertook an extensive review of the literature in relation to the syndrome’s definition, underlying pathogenesis, and association with CVD and to the goals and impact of treatment. While there is no question that certain CVD risk factors are prone to cluster, we found that the metabolic syndrome has been imprecisely defined, there is a lack of certainty regarding its pathogenesis, and there is considerable doubt regarding its value as a CVD risk marker. Our analysis indicates that too much critically important information is missing to warrant its designation as a «syndrome.» Until much needed research is completed, clinicians should evaluate and treat all CVD risk factors without regard to whether a patient meets the criteria for diagnosis of the «metabolic syndrome.»

scholarly journals There is No Distinctive Gut Microbiota Signature in the Metabolic Syndrome: Contribution of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Associated Medication

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Cortés-Martín ◽  
Carlos E. Iglesias-Aguirre ◽  
Amparo Meoro ◽  
María Victoria Selma ◽  
Juan Carlos Espín
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Drug Treatments

The gut microbiota (GM) has attracted attention as a new target to combat several diseases, including metabolic syndrome (MetS), a pathological condition with many factors (diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, etc.) that increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, the existence of a characteristic taxonomic signature associated with obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions is under debate. To investigate the contribution of the CVD risk factors and(or) their associated drug treatments in the composition and functionality of GM in MetS patients, we compared the GM of obese individuals (n = 69) vs. MetS patients (n = 50), as well as within patients, depending on their treatments. We also explored associations between medication, GM, clinical variables, endotoxemia, and short-chain fatty acids. Poly-drug treatments, conventional in MetS patients, prevented the accurate association between medication and GM profiles. Our results highlight the heterogeneity of taxonomic signatures in MetS patients, which mainly depend on the CVD risk factors. Hypertension and(or) its associated medication was the primary trait involved in the shaping of GM, with an overabundance of lipopolysaccharide-producing microbial groups from the Proteobacteria phylum. In the context of precision medicine, our results highlight that targeting GM to prevent and(or) treat MetS should consider MetS patients more individually, according to their CVD risk factors and associated medication.

Abstract P470: Heterogeneity In Prevalence Of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Hispanic Ethnic Groups: Evidence From The 2010-2018 National Health Interview Survey

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Elias ◽  
Ruth-alma N Turkson-ocran ◽  
Binu Koirala ◽  
Samuel Byiringiro ◽  
Hailey Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Hispanic Adults ◽  
Ethnic Subgroups

Introduction: Persons of Hispanic origin are a growing share of the U.S. population but include diverse ethnic groups with unique cultures, lifestyles, exposures, and countries of origin. Hispanics are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in comparison to non-Hispanics. However, few studies have examined the heterogeneity in their burden of CVD risk. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that there would be significant heterogeneity in the prevalence of CVD risk factors among ethnic subgroups of Hispanic adults. Methods: We used a cross-sectional design to examine the prevalence of CVD risk factors, defined per national guidelines, among Hispanic adults in the 2010-2018 National Health Interview Surveys. Generalized linear models using Poisson distribution were fitted to obtain adjusted predicted probabilities and risk of self-reported hypertension, overweight/obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol, physical inactivity, and current smoking by Hispanic ethnic subgroup. Results: We included 185,511 participants with mean(±sd) age 31(0.2) years and 50% male. Most were Mexican (65.1%) whereas, few were Dominican (3.0%). Prevalence of hypertension (28.4%), diabetes (12.9%), high cholesterol (25.0%), and current smoking (6.1%) was highest among Puerto Ricans. Prevalence of overweight/obesity was highest among Mexicans (74.5%) and physical inactivity was highest among Dominicans (62.3%). Compared to Mexicans, Central Americans were less likely to smoke and have hypertension, overweight/obesity, and diabetes (ps<0.05). ( Table ) Conclusion: We observed striking heterogeneity in the prevalence of CVD risk factors across Hispanic ethnic subgroups, especially for diabetes, physical inactivity, and smoking. These results suggest that aggregating data on Hispanics may mask differences in CVD risk and hinder efforts to reduce health disparities in this population. Our findings provide actionable information on CVD risk factors for specific Hispanic ethnic subgroups.

scholarly journals Impact of Low-Fat and Full-Fat Dairy Intake on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 563-563
Author(s):  
Kelsey Schmidt ◽  
Gail Cromer ◽  
Maggie Burhans ◽  
Jessica Kuzma ◽  
Derek Hagman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Intervention Effect ◽  
Dairy Foods ◽  
Dairy Fat ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Objectives Dairy fat has been hypothesized to promote cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to its high saturated fat content, contributing to recommendations to consume low-fat dairy foods. However, emerging evidence indicates that dairy fat does not negatively impact CVD risk, particularly when consumed in foods with a complex matrix. Though, few trials have directly compared the effect of low-fat versus full-fat dairy foods. Therefore, we aimed to test the effects of diets rich in low-fat or full-fat dairy on CVD risk factors, compared to a limited dairy diet. We hypothesized that diets rich in dairy would not impact CVD risk factors. Methods Seventy-two participants with the metabolic syndrome completed a 4-week wash-in period; limiting their dairy intake to ≤ 3 servings of skim milk per week. Participants were then randomized to either continue the limited dairy diet or switch to a diet containing 3.3 servings per day of either low-fat or full-fat milk, yogurt, and cheese for 12-weeks. The plasma lipid profile and blood pressure were assessed before and after the intervention period. Results In the per protocol analysis (n = 66), there was no intervention effect on fasting plasma total-, low-density lipoprotein-, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, or cholesterol content in 38 isolated lipoprotein fractions (p &gt; 0.1 for all variables). There was also no intervention effect on diastolic blood pressure. There was a significant difference among the diet interventions for systolic blood pressure (P = 0.045), with a trend for a decrease in the low-fat dairy diet compared to the limited dairy diet in post hoc testing after adjustment for multiple testing. Conclusions In individuals with the metabolic syndrome, consuming 3.3 servings of dairy per day, regardless of fat content, did not affect blood lipids and modestly improved blood pressure compared to a diet virtually free of dairy. This provides further evidence that dairy fat, when consumed as part of complex whole foods, does not significantly impact CVD risk factors. Funding Sources This work was supported by the National Dairy Council, Dairy Farmers of Canada, the Dutch Dairy Association, Dairy Australia, and the French Dairy Interbranch Organization.

P4402Effect of carnitine supplementation on progression of carotid plaque in the metabolic syndrome: the ECoM study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Johri ◽  
M F Hetu ◽  
D K Heyland ◽  
J E Herr ◽  
P Norman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Atherosclerosis Progression ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Elevated Glucose

Abstract Background/Introduction L-carnitine (L-C) has been investigated as a potential therapy for cardiovascular (CV) disease, but its direct effects on human atherosclerosis are unknown. Epidemiological studies suggest a possible reduction of CV risk factors following treatment, whereas animal studies have shown that L-C may increase pro-atherogenic metabolites. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether L-C therapy led to atherosclerosis progression or regression by direct quantification of carotid atherosclerotic lesions in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods This study was a Phase 2, prospective, parallel, double blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, two-center trial. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation harmonized definition, where presence of any 3 of the 5 following risk factors constituted a diagnosis: elevated waist circumference; elevated triglycerides; reduced HDL or treated; elevated blood pressure or treated; elevated glucose or HbA1c or treated. Participants with a baseline carotid total plaque volume (TPV) ≥50 mm3 were randomized to placebo or 2 g L-C daily for 6 months. Plaque progression was quantified by 3D carotid ultrasound for change in TPV and reduction in vessel lumen area (% area stenosis, Fig. 1). Absolute differences were assessed on the raw scale, while percent change on the log scale. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess within- and between-arm differences. Results Of the 177 participants randomized, 157 completed the study (L-C n=76, placebo n=81). No statistically significant difference between arms was found in the primary outcome (TPV). However, there was progression of plaque stenosis in the treatment arm: the L-C group had an increase in stenosis of 9.8% (p=0.01) higher than the placebo arm, and a 2.7% (p=0.03) greater absolute change. Total cholesterol and LDL levels (0.10 mmol/L and 0.05 mmol/L, respectively) were higher in the intervention arm compared to the placebo arm (−0.06 mmol/L and −0.07 mmol/L). Figure 1 Conclusions We observed progression of atherosclerosis with L-C therapy compared to placebo in patients with MetS. The clear lack of benefit of L-C therapy in this population raises serious concerns for its further use as a potential therapy. Given its association with pro-atherogenic metabolites our study offers further understanding of the atherosclerotic process. Acknowledgement/Funding Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada

Metabolic health in patients with schizophrenia – CVD risk in a Norwegian outpatient population

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s810-s810
Author(s):  
J. Engh ◽  
E. Andersen ◽  
E. Martinsen ◽  
J. Egeland ◽  
T.L. Holmen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
General Population ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The mortality of schizophrenia patients is approximately twice that of the general population and there is a 20% reduction in life expectancy in this patient group. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for as much as 50% of the excess mortality associated with schizophrenia. One important source of the high CVD prevalence is the cluster of metabolic characteristics defining the metabolic syndrome (MetS: 3 or more of the following features: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, elevated levels of triglycerides and fasting glucose and low levels of high-density lipoproteins). Patients with schizophrenia seem to be undertreated for these vascular risk factors relative to the general population. More knowledge is needed concerning broadened risk factors of cardiovascular disease in a representative sample of schizophrenia patients. We conducted preliminary cross sectional analyses in a sample of 64 consecutive outpatients with schizophrenia with a mean age of 37 years consisting of 59% men, who were enrolled in a treatment study. All used antipsychotics, and 71% were smokers. We found that (percentage of patients under treatment for the respective somatic condition in parenthesis) 82% were overweight, 49% had hypertonia (17%), 24% hyperglycemia (3%), 48% hypertriglyceridemia and 13% hyperlipidemia (10% triglycerid or cholesterol lowering medication). Forty percent had metabolic syndrome compared to 11% in the normal population (Norway, age corrected). Additionally, estimates of insulin resistance will be conducted. We found that the prevalence of MetS components was high in outpatient schizophrenia. A substantial discrepancy was found between metabolic ill health and medication treatment of such conditions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Changing Trends in the Prevalence and Disparities of Obesity and Other Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Three Racial/Ethnic Groups of USA Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila X. Romero ◽  
Tomas E. Romero ◽  
Judith C. Shlay ◽  
Lorraine G. Ogden ◽  
Dana Dabelea
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Objectives. To examine trends in the prevalence and disparities of traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among the major race/ethnic groups in the USA: non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs), non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs), and Mexican Americans (MAs).Methods. We used cross-sectional trend analysis in women and men aged 25–84 years participating in the NHANES surveys, years 1988–1994 (n=14,341) and 1999–2004 (n=12,360).Results. The prevalence of obesity and hypertension increased significantly in NHW and NHB, both in men and women; NHB had the highest prevalence of obesity and hypertension in each time period. Diabetes prevalence showed a nonsignificant increasing trend in all groups and was higher in MA in both periods. Smoking significantly decreased in NHW men and NHB, the latter with the largest decline although the highest prevalence in each period; no changes were noted in MA, who had the lowest prevalence in both periods. Race/ethnic CVD risk factors disparities widened for obesity and hypercholesterolemia, remained unchanged for diabetes and hypertension, and narrowed for smoking.Conclusions. The increasing prevalence of obesity and hypertension underscores the need for better preventive measures, particularly in the NHB group that exhibits the worst trends. The decline in smoking rates may offset some of these unfavorable trends.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of the metabolic syndrome among Tunisian adults: results of the Transition and Health Impact in North Africa (TAHINA) project

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanen Belfki ◽  
Samir Ben Ali ◽  
Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri ◽  
Pierre Traissac ◽  
Souha Bougatef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Intervention Programme ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components and to evaluate the relationship between this diagnosis and cardiovascular risk factors, demographic and socio-economic variables.DesignA cross-sectional study using a questionnaire including information on sociodemographic and CVD risk factors. Blood pressure, anthropometric indices, fasting glucose and lipid profile were measured. MetS was defined according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III.SettingThe whole Tunisian territory; Transition and Health Impact in North Africa (TAHINA) project.SubjectsA total of 4654 individuals (1840 men and 2814 women), aged 35 to 74 years, who participated in the Tunisian national survey.ResultsThe overall prevalence of MetS was 30·0 %, higher in women (36·1 %) than in men (20·6 %; P < 0·001). In both genders MetS prevalence increased significantly with age (P < 0·001), but this increase was more important in women. Multiple regression analyses showed that the odds for MetS increased significantly with urban area for both men and women (P < 0·05 and P < 0·001, respectively). The multivariate models showed also that the odds for MetS increased significantly with increasing level of education and in those with a family history of CVD for men (both P < 0·05) and after the menopausal transition for women (P < 0·05).ConclusionsThe study highlights the MetS problem in a middle-income developing country. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive, integrated, population-based intervention programme to ameliorate the growing problem of MetS in Tunisians.

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