scholarly journals Haematopoietic role for Patch (Ph) revealed by new W mutant (Wct) in mice

1983 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Loutit ◽  
B. M. Cattanach
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Double Heterozygote ◽  
Chromosome 5 ◽  
Linked Gene ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Lethal Doses

SUMMARYA new mutant (Wct) has been identified at the W locus of the mouse. The homozygote is poorly viable. Whereas the heterozygote (Wct / +) is only mildly anaemic like Wυ / +, the double heterozygote Wct + / + Ph is considerably more anaemic than Wυ + / + Ph and it and Wsh + / + Ph have significantly raised leucocyte counts. Wct + / + Ph is also unduly radiosensitive to whole body X-irradiation, 50% dying from haematopoietic failure at a dose of 4·59 ± 0·14 Gy, whereas the median for Wct / + was 6·49 ± 0·28 Gy. Serial blood counts of mice after low- or sub-lethal doses of X-rays revealed significantly more profound depression of counts of both red cells and leucocytes in Wct +, and more notably in Wct + / + Ph, than in + / + or Wsh / + (haematologically normal) iso-dosed mice. We conclude that control of haematopoiesis by chromosome 5 is not confined to the W locus but is shared by the linked gene Ph (and perhaps Rw) and that expression of the change is not limited to the erythron but involves the pluripotent haematopoietic stem cell.

Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria

2010 ◽  
pp. 4298-4302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Luzzatto
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Somatic Mutation ◽  
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Substantial Proportion ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Linked Gene

Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is a unique disorder in which a substantial proportion of the patient’s red cells have an abnormal susceptibility to activated complement. This results from the presence of a clone that originates from a haematopoietic stem cell bearing an acquired somatic mutation in the X-linked gene ...

Sensitivity to 1-Methylnaphthalene of Whole-body Irradiated Rats

1966 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1054-1056
Author(s):  
P. Scoppa
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Gastrointestinal System ◽  
Toxic Action ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Paradoxical Effect ◽  
Apparent Contrast ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
X Irradiation

Whole-body irradiation of the rat produces a decrease of the urinary excretion of glucuronides originating from the detoxication of 1-methylnaphthalene; in apparent contrast with the conclusion which could be drawn from this finding the rat exposed to X-irradiation has a higher resistance to the toxic action of the hydrocarbon. The results obtained show that the decreased sensitivity to 1-methylnaphthalene is due to the response of the gastrointestinal system of the rat to radiation: in the animals exposed to 400 r of X-rays before the administration of 1-methylnaphthalene, the absorption of the hydrocarbon is strongly delayed and takes place at a much slower rate. These changes may partially explain the so-called “paradoxical effect” of radiation on the sensitivity to certain toxic compounds administered to the rat by oral route

Resistance to whole-body X-irradiation in rats made tolerant to bacterial endotoxins

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (6) ◽  
pp. 1364-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Zweifach ◽  
E. Kivy-Rosenberg ◽  
Arnold L. Nagler
Keyword(s):  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Reticuloendothelial System ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
X Ray ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacterial Endotoxins ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System

Rats were treated with three conditioning agents (bacterial endotoxins, zymosan and compound 48/80) known to produce tolerance to other forms of stress, as a means of determining the importance of the reticulo-endothelial system in the response to WBR. Effective protection was provided by tolerance induced by lipopolysaccharide extracts of E. coli bacteria. Some protection was also afforded by conditioning with 48/80 for several days. These agents were active only when administered before exposure to x-rays. Treatment post x-ray broke down the induced resistance. Blood platelet levels remained high in conditioned animals exposed to WBR. It is suggested that a relationship exists between the priming or conditioning of the reticuloendothelial system and the maintenance of satisfactory blood platelet levels in adapted animals receiving WBR.

Microcirculatory effects of whole-body X-irradiation and radiomimetic procedures

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin W. Zweifach ◽  
Evelyn Kivy-Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Nitrogen Mustard ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Disruptive Effect ◽  
X Rays ◽  
The Status ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Vascular Beds ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Capillary Walls

Whole-body X-irradiation (WBR) was administered to young adult, unanesthetized rats. Terminal vascular beds of the exteriorized mesocecum of these rats (most of which had received relatively high doses of X-rays) were observed (under anesthesia) at selected periods between 1 hr and 48 days postirradiation. Thirteen experimental categories were utilized to determine the status of reactivity and of the microvascular barrier. These included topical application of epinephrine, norepinephrine, histamine, and Versene; and injection of heparin, cortisone, nitrogen mustard, bacterial endotoxin, and carbon. Results indicate that by the 3rd–4th day after WBR, response of terminal arterioles and precapillaries to epinephrine and norepinephrine are exaggerated and by the 2nd week, activity is up tenfold over threshold levels. With regard to venular and capillary walls, Versene had a dramatic disruptive effect. The character of the lesion suggests that it is due to an undermining and weakening of the basement membrane, and/or forces which hold the endothelial cells together. There is no evidence, however, that the endothelial cell has been damaged.

scholarly journals Whole-body Vibration Training as a Supportive Therapy During Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation – A Randomised Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Tobias S Kaeding ◽  
Marcel Frimmel ◽  
Florian Treondlin ◽  
Klaus Jung ◽  
Wolfram Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Allogeneic Hsct ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Muscular Capacity

Effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) training in patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remain unknown. We examined whether additional WBV training during hospitalisation may stabilise the physical capacity of patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT, improve health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and fatigue status of these patients. In this randomised controlled trial, 26 subjects were randomly allocated 1:1 in an intervention group (INT; n=13) or a control group (CON; n=13). Patients in the CON received conventional physical therapy and patients in the INT completed further WBV training every other day. Isokinetic measurement of the muscular capacity of the lower extremities, functional endurance capacity and HRQOL were evaluated before and after the intervention period. No unwanted side effects were observed. We found a significant positive effect of the intervention on the maximum relative peak torque in extension in the INT compared to the CON (p=0.019) and patients in the INT experienced less pain (p=0.05). WBV training can be successfully implemented as a supportive therapy for patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT. Furthermore, WBV training represents a safe and effective option in the maintenance of muscular capacity of the musculature of the lower extremities and may contribute to pain release.

scholarly journals The elevation of blood levels of zinc protoporphyrin in mice following whole body irradiation

Blood ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1159-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
TL Walden ◽  
PS Draganac ◽  
WR Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Radiation Injury ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Zinc Protoporphyrin ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
Lethal Doses

Abstract Elevation of zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) levels in the blood has served as an indicator of lead poisoning and iron deficiency anemia for many years. We have discovered that sublethal doses of whole body irradiation with x-rays also elevates ZPP 2–3-fold over normal levels. The ZPP level does not begin to increase until days 12–14 postirradiation and peaks between days 18 and 20 before returning to normal levels between days 28 and 35. Increasing the radiation dose delays the onset of the rise in ZPP, but does not affect the magnitude of the elevation. At lethal doses, ZPP elevation is not observed. Neither of the two previously described mechanisms that cause elevations of ZPP, namely iron deficiency and inhibition of ferrochelatase, are responsible for the radiation-induced elevation of ZPP. The elevation of ZPP appears to be correlated with the recovery of the hematopoietic system from radiation injury.

Volitional Activity Response of Rats to Partial-Body X-Irradiation

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Jones ◽  
D. J. Kimeldorf ◽  
G. K. Osborn ◽  
T. J. Castanera ◽  
D. O. Rubadeau
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Transient Increase ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Initial Decrease ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Partial Body ◽  
High Doses

Shielding of the abdomen during x-irradiation was used to test the hypothesis that the initial decrease in the volitional activity of rats observed after whole-body x-irradiation is related primarily to irradiation of the abdomen. Exposure of the abdomen to 200 r, or of the remaining half of the body to 200 or 600 r did not result in a significant depression in activity. When the abdomen was exposed to 600 or 750 r, however, a depression in activity was observed, with a minimum on the 3rd day postirradiation, followed by increasing activity. When animals were exposed to relatively high doses (1500 or 2000 r) with the abdomen shielded, or with only the head exposed (1500 r), there was an immediate depression in activity on the 1st day postirradiation, then a transient increase in activity to values equal to or well above control levels, followed by a rapid decrease below control activity, and then by increasing activity. The transient increase above control activity was duplicated by pair-feeding nonirradiated animals to the head-exposed group. It appears that the initial decrease in volitional activity may be mediated by altered gastrointestinal function, particularly with respect to the 3rd day postirradiation. In abdomen-shielded or head-exposed animals subjected to higher doses of x-rays, the transient rise in activity appears to be related to restricted food intake, probably as a result of radiation damage of the oral mucosa. The subsequent depression in volitional activity in these animals may be related to central nervous system injury.

scholarly journals Factors controlling stem cell recirculation. III. Effect of the thymus on the migration and differentiation of hemopoietic stem cells

Blood ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
RV Petrov ◽  
RM Khaitov ◽  
NV Aleinikova ◽  
LV Gulak
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Hemopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Lethal Doses ◽  
Thymectomized Mice

Abstract Experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of thymectomy on the migration and differentiation of hemopoietic stem cells released from shielded parts of bone marrow after irradiation of mice with lethal doses of x-rays. In 2–3 wk after thymectomy, the rate of migration declined and the differentiation of stem cells into granulocytic colonies was inhibited. Transplantation of syngeneic thymus or lymph node cells into thymectomized mice enhanced the migration of stem cells from the bone marrow and restored the usual pathways of their differentiation.

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