Hague Conference on Private International Law: Report of the Second Special Commission Meeting to Review the Operation of the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-252
2018 ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
Archana Shah

The world has become a global village and distance is no more the challenge. The direct impact of this positive change can be seen in interaction of various citizens of different countries belonging to diverse social, cultural and religious background. But cross border movements, inter-country migration and cross border marriages creates a new challenge like inter parental child abduction. In case of cross border broken marriages, there arise various issues like infringement of spouse’s parental rights, parallel conflicting legal disputes in different countries, non participation of various countries to Hague convention for welfare of children, isolation of child in foreign abodes due to connection with Indian soil, etc. Inter parental child abduction is neither considered as an offence, nor it is covered under any statutory laws of India. Like 94 nations, India is not a signatory to The Hague Convention on Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, 1980, a multi lateral treaty developed by Hague Conference on Private International Law. Due to its non signatory status the judges of foreign countries do not trust Indian courts and do not permit the parent to take child to India, fearing its non-return. In absence of any international legal instrument, the litigating parents will have to bear unnecessary expenses of visa, travel, litigation, etc and unfortunate child will become a trophy to be won in the clashes of egos of litigating parents.


2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Efrat ◽  
Abraham L. Newman

AbstractThe cross-border movement of people, goods, and information frequently results in legal disputes that come under the jurisdiction of multiple states. The principle of deference—acceptance of another state's exercise of legal authority—is one mechanism to manage such jurisdictional conflicts. Despite the importance of deference in international law and cooperation, little is known about the causes of variation in its use. In this article, we develop a theory of deference that focuses on the role that domestic institutions and norms play in ensuring procedural and substantive fairness. We test this theory in an original data set concerning accession practices in the Hague Convention on International Child Abduction. Our findings offer considerable support for the idea that states evaluate partners on the likelihood that they can offer a fair legal process. Exploring empirically the efforts against parental child abduction, we offer a nuanced account of the link between domestic institutions and norms and international cooperation. This account suggests that greater attention should be paid to the use of deference as a mechanism to manage the conflicts posed by globalization.


Author(s):  
Daniela Correa Jacques Brauner

A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DOS PROCESSOS DE INTEGRAÇÃO – UNIÃO EUROPEIA E MERCOSUL – PARA A SUPERAÇÃO DAS DIFICULDADES DE APLICAÇÃO DA CONVENÇÃO DA HAIA SOBRE ASPECTOS CIVIS DO SEQUESTRO INTERNACIONAL DE CRIANÇAS THE CONTRIBUTION OF INTEGRATION PROCESSES - EUROPEAN UNION AND MERCOSUR - TO OVERCOME DIFFICULTIES OF APPLICATION OF THE HAGUE CONVENTION ON THE CIVIL ASPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION Daniela Correa Jacques Brauner*RESUMO: O artigo inicia abordando a Convenção da Haia sobre Aspectos Civis da Subtração Internacional de Crianças de 1980 como forma de superação dos mecanismos tradicionais do direito internacional privado para resolver casos de litígio internacional em que um dos responsáveis parental se desloca para outro país com a criança, violando direito de guarda do outro responsável. Analisa-se o mecanismo de cooperação inserido na Convenção em que se determina o retorno imediato da criança para o local de sua residência habitual para que a autoridade judiciária dessa localidade resolva a questão da guarda e as exceções a esse retorno pela autoridade local. Sob essa perspectiva, analisa-se a efetividade da resolução de casos nessa temática e, em seguida, na segunda parte, propõe-se analisar se os processos de integração, com legislações próprias, contribuíram para a resolução dos casos de subtração internacional, conferindo maior confiabilidade nos mecanismos de circulação de decisões entre os tribunais. Examina-se o contexto da União Europeia com intensa normativa comum sobre casos de direito de família, inclusive com a participação da Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos, para compará-lo ao Mercosul em que não se verifica mecanismos de integração aptos para aprimorar a solução de litígios. Em conclusão, salienta-se que a Convenção da Haia é mais bem cumprida em um ambiente de integração jurídica e econômica e com a possibilidade de instrumentos outros, como normativas comunitárias e acesso a Tribunais Internacionais. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Convenção da Haia sobre Aspectos Civis do Sequestro Internacional de Crianças. Direito Internacional Privado. Cooperação. União Europeia. Mercosul. ABSTRACT: The article starts approaching the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction as a way of overcoming the traditional mechanisms of private international law to resolve international law disputes in which one parent (taking-parent) moves to another country violating custody rights of the other parent. It is analyzed the cooperation mechanism in the Convention that determines immediate return to the habitual place of residence so that the judicial authority of that location resolve the question of custody and the exceptions to this return by the local authority. From this perspective, it is analyzed the effectiveness of dispute resolution in this theme, and then, in the second part, it is proposed to examine whether the integration processes, with their own legislation, contributed to the resolution of cases of international abduction, providing greater reliability in circulation mechanisms of decisions between the courts. It is examined the context of the European Union with intense common rules on cases of family law, including the participation of the European Court of Human Rights, to compare it to Mercosur  in which are not found integration mechanisms able to improve the dispute resolution. In conclusion, it is noted that the Hague Convention is best accomplished in a legal and economic integration environment and with the possibility of other instruments such as Community regulations and access to international courts. KEYWORDS: Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction; Conflict of Law; Cooperation. European Union; Mercosur.  SUMÁRIO: Introdução. 1. A Convenção sobre Aspectos Civis do Sequestro Internacional de Crianças como superação dos mecanismos tradicionais do direito internacional privado. 1.1. A restituição imediata da criança ao país de residência habitual. 1.2. As exceções: permanência da criança no país de refúgio. 2. A influência dos processos de integração na aplicação da Convenção sobre Aspectos Civis do Sequestro Internacional de Crianças. 2.1. União Europeia: europeização do direito internacional privado. 2.2. Mercosul: a influência dos protocolos de cooperação jurídica. Considerações Finais. Referências.* Doutoranda em Direito pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Mestre em Direito pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Defensora Pública Federal.


2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (90) ◽  
pp. 189-205
Author(s):  
Radmila Dragišić

In this paper, the author explores the sources of European Union Law that regulate one segment of parental responsibility - the right of access to a child. The focal point of research is the transition from the conventional (interstate) regulation of judicial cooperation in marital disputes and parental responsibility issues to the regulation enacted by the European Union institutions, with specific reference to the Brussels II bis Regulation. First, the author briefly points out to its relationship with other relevant international law sources regulating this subject matter: the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction; the Hague Convention on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition, Enforcement and Cooperation in the Field of Parental Responsibility and Measures for the Protection of Children; and other international sources of law. Then, the author examines in more detail its relationship with the Brussels II bis recast Regulation, which will be applicable as of 1 August 2022. In addition, the paper includes an analysis of the first case in which the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) decided on the application of the Brussels II bis Regulation, at the request of granparents to exercise the right of access to the child. On the issue of determining the competent court which has jurisdiction to decide on how this right shall be exercised, the CJEU had to decide whether the competent court is determined on the basis of the Brussels II bis Regulation or on the basis of national Private International Law rules. This paper is useful for the professional and scientific community because it deals (inter alia) with the issue of justification of adopting a special source of law at the EU level, which would regulate the issue of mutual enforcement of court decisions on the right of access to the child. This legal solution was proposed by the Republic of France, primarily guided by the fundamental right of the child to have contact with both parents.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Carmen Azcárraga Monzonís

Resumen: Sustracción internacional a España de menor residente en Suiza en aplicación del Con­venio de La Haya de 1980 sobre los aspectos civiles de la sustracción internacional de menores. Discre­pancia sobre la residencia habitual del menor. No se aprecian motivos de no retorno.Palabras clave: sustracción internacional de menores, Convenio de La Haya sobre sustracción, Convenio de La Haya sobre responsabilidad parental y protección de menores, residencia habitualAbstract: International abduction to Spain of a minor residing in Switzerland under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction of 1980. Discrepancy about the habi­tual residence of the minor. No grounds for return denial are appreciated.Keywords: international child abduction, Hague Convention on Child Abduction, Hague Conven­tion on Parental Responsibility and Measures of the Protection of Children, habitual residence


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