Studies in the augmentation of fertility of Romney ewes with pregnant-mare serum

1954 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Single Injection ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Normal Order ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Cycle Lengths ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Breeding Seasons

In the course of two breeding seasons 261 mature Romney ewes have been employed in three slaughter experiments designed to investigate the manner in which the reproductive performance of such animals, after treatment with a single injection of P.M.S., is conditioned by: (a) the amount of P.M.S. administered; (b) the nutritive status of the treated animals; (c) the stage of the oestrous cycle at which the P.M.S. is administered.In the first experiment, one untreated control group and three experimental groups of ewes, treated with different amounts of P.M.S., on the twelfth and thirteenth days of the cycle, were used to establish a dose level-ovulation response relationship. Mean ovulation rates and ranges of ovulations observed were: control 1.17 (1–2); 250 i.u. P.M.S. 1.50 (1–2); 500 i.u. P.M.S. 2.07 (1–3); 1000 i.u. P.M.S. 4.33 (1–13).In the second experiment, oestrous cycle lengths, ovulation and conception rates, and loss of ova during the first few weeks of pregnancy were compared in four groups of ewes that had been treated as follows: (a) neither flushed nor treated with P.M.S.; (b) flushed but not treated with P.M.S.; (c) not flushed but treated with 650 i.u. P.M.S. on the twelfth or thirteenth days of the cycle; (d) flushed and treated with 650 i.u. P.M.S. on the twelfth or thirteenth days of the cycle.Oestrous cycle lengths were of significantly shorter duration in flushed than in unflushed ewes (0.5 day) and in P.M.S.-treated than in untreated animals (0.7 day). Conception rates were of a normal order in all four groups. The mean ovulation rates of those that conceived at first fertile service were respectively 1.33, 1.61, 1.80 and 1.88. The number of ovulations ranged from 1–2 in the unflushed–untreated group and from 1–3 in each of the other three groups.In the third experiment results obtained from groups of ewes treated with 650 i.u. P.M.S. on the tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth and fourteenth days respectively, were compared. Mean ovulation rates were approximately similar in all five groups, but (as was also the case in the second experiment) of a lower order than might have been expected from the dose response curve established in the first experiment. Conception rates were satisfactory after injection on the twelfth, thirteenth or fourteenth days, but unsatisfactory after treatment on the eleventh day, and still less satisfactory after treatment on the tenth day.From the results obtained in these three experiments the following general conclusions were drawn:(1) Breed or strain differences may be of considerable importance in governing the extent of the ovulation response following P.M.S. treatment.(2) The magnitude of the ovulation response to P.M.S. treatment depends to some extent on the ‘batch’ of P.M.S. used and/or the strain of ewes employed.(3) The nutritive status of ewes during the breeding season is not an important factor in determining the ovulation rate following P.M.S. treatment.(4) When P.M.S. is administered 5 days or less before the onset of the subsequent oestrus, good conception rates are obtained.(5) Extremely poor conception rates result where animals are treated more than 5 days before oestrus.(6) Best ovulation and conception rates are obtained when the treatment-to-oestrus interval is 2–3 days.(7) For optimum results, treatment on the fourteenth day of the cycle is recommended. However, good results are also obtained after treatment on either the twelfth or the thirteenth days. Treatment on the fifteenth day should also be reasonably satisfactory.(8) When ovulated in similar numbers, and provided conception occurs, ova produced as a result of P.M.S. stimulation are no more prone to fail to undergo normal embryonic development than are naturally ripened eggs.

scholarly journals Role of Various Estrus Induction and Synchronization Protocols in Influencing Plasma Progesterone, Metabolic Profile and Fertility in Acyclic Buffaloes

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Prajapati ◽  
D. M. Patel ◽  
A. J. Dhami ◽  
J. A. Patel ◽  
K. K. Hadiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maximal Benefit

A study was carried out under field conditions on 50 acyclic/ anestrus buffaloes to evaluate the efficacy of four standard estrus synchronization protocols, viz., Doublesynch, Estradoublesynch, Ovsynch, and Ovsynch Plus (10 buffaloes in each protocol, and in untreated control group) in terms of estrus induction response, conception rates at induced estrus with FTAI and monitoring plasma progesterone, protein and cholesterol profile at different time intervals during treatment and day 12 post-AI. All the animals received pre-synchronization treatment, i.e., Inj. 100 mg ivermectin s/c, Inj. tono-vita 20 ml, and multi-minerals 1 bolus daily for 7 days. The conception rates obtained at induced estrus (FTAI) were 50.0, 40.0, 30.0 and 50.0 % with Doublesynch, Estradoublesynch, Ovsynch and Ovsynch Plus protocol, respectively. The rests were taken as non-conceived ones. The plasma progesterone concentrations monitored on day 0 (start of treatment), 7/9 (PGF2 α injection), 10/12 (FTAI) and on day 12 post-AI revealed significant (p Lass Than 0.01) effect of sampling days in all four protocols with higher values on day of PGF2 α injection and on day 12 post-AI compared to other days. Moreover, the plasma progesterone concentrations were significantly (p Lass Than 0.05) higher in conceiving than the non-conceiving buffaloes on day 12 post-AI in all 4 protocols. The mean plasma protein and cholesterol profile did not differ significantly between days in any of the protocols. The animals under Doublesynch protocol however had significantly higher protein values as compared to Ovsynch and Ovsynch Plus protocols. Moreover, the non-conceiving buffaloes under Ovsynch Plus protocol had significantly (p Lass Than 0.05) lower mean plasma protein (5.73±0.15 vs. 6.49±0.13 g/dl) and cholesterol (57.42±1.19 vs. 76.68±1.85 mg/dl) concentrations compared to their counterparts. It was concluded that all four hormonal protocols improved plasma progesterone profile and conception rates in acyclic buffaloes without altering plasma protein and cholesterol profile. The maximal benefit was with Doublesynch and Ovsynch plus protocols, hence these can be practiced under field conditions to manage acyclic buffaloes.

The effect of the laparoscopic insemination technique on the oestrous cycle of the ewe

1991 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
T. L. Taljaard ◽  
S. J. Terblanche ◽  
H. J. Bertschinger ◽  
L. J. Van Vuuren
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Length ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin ◽  
Teaser Rams

This investigation was designed to determine whether or not the technique of intrauterine insemination affects the length of the subsequent oestrous cycle. Dorper ewes (n=31) were divided into treatment and control groups. All the ewes were synchronised using 40 mg fluorogestone acetate intravaginal sponges for 14 d and 300 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin on the day of sponge removal. A standard semen diluent was deposited laparoscopically in each uterine horn of ewes in the treatment, group. Teaser rams were used to detect oestrus. Progesterone profiles were used to confirm oestrus. The mean oestrous cycle length of 17,83 ± 0,69 d for the group in which the diluent was deposited by laparoscopy did not differ significantly (P0,l) from the 18,36±2,11 d of the control group. The technique of laparoscopic insemination did not influence the length of subsequent oestrous cycles.

Does oxytocin play a role in the onset of maternal behaviour in the rat?

1984 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. M. Bolwerk ◽  
H. H. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Maternal Responsiveness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate

ABSTRACT Oxytocin is released during parturition and may also play a role in maternal behaviour. Oxytocin, injected in the cerebral ventricles, has been reported to accelerate the onset of maternal behaviour in oestrogen-pretreated virgin Sprague—Dawley rats within 2 h of injection. This study was an attempt to replicate and extend these findings in Wistar rats. In the first experiment, 16 virgin females were ovariectomized and a cannula was placed into the cerebral ventricle. Forty-eight hours after a single injection of 24 μg oestradiol benzoate (OB), 400 ng oxytocin or saline were injected into the ventricle. In the second experiment three groups were observed: an untreated control group plus two ovariectomized and cannulated groups treated with OB in a regimen designed to mimic pregnancy. After 10 days of OB administration they received an injection of either saline or oxytocin (400 ng) into the ventricle. Immediately after this injection they were exposed to the pups and observations started. In both experiments no rat became maternal in the first 1·5 h after the intracerebroventricular injection. Oxytocin therefore did not induce a rapid onset of maternal responsiveness in oestrogen-pretreated Wistar rats. J. Endocr. (1984) 101, 353–357

Ovarian Dynamics, Plasma Endocrine Profile and Fertility Response Following Synchronization Protocols in Crossbred Cows with Cystic Ovaries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Dhami ◽  
J. H. Chauhan ◽  
K. K. Hadiya ◽  
N. P. Sarvaiya
Keyword(s):  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
The Mean

Background: Cystic ovarian degeneration (COD) with prevalence of 10-13% is a common and economically important condition in dairy cattle affecting fertility. Predisposing factors and aetiology of ovarian cysts are multifaceted. The most widely accepted cause is either absent, insufficient or wrong time occurrence of pre-ovulatory LH-surge. The accuracy of differential diagnosis of cyst per rectum can be increased by simultaneous use of USG and/or plasma progesterone assay and therapeutic success depends on type and duration of cystic condition. The literature on these aspects in crossbred cows is meagre, hence was planned to differentially diagnose the ovarian follicular and luteal cysts based on clinical, sonographic and endocrine findings and to study the estrus response and conception rates following different treatment modalities of COD in crossbred cattle. Methods: This study was conducted on greater than 90 days postpartum HF crossbred cows with cystic ovaries (n=58) confirmed by per rectal palpation and ultrasonography. The animals with follicular cysts were randomly treated with either conventional Ovsynch or Ovsynch + CIDR protocol (n=10 each) and those with luteal cysts with either Double PG injections 11 days apart or modified Ovsynch protocol (n=16 each) with fixed time AI. A group of six cystic cows was kept as untreated control. Blood samples were collected in heparinized vacutainers, together with trans-rectal ultrasonography, on day 0 (just before initiation of treatment), on day of last PGF2á injection, on day of induced estrus/FTAI and on day 12 post-AI for determination of plasma progesterone and estradiol-17â by RIA technique. Results: The mean diameters and wall thickness of ovarian cysts regressed significantly (p less than 0.01) among responded cows of all four protocols. The estrus induction response within 48-96 hrs of last PG injection with Ovsynch, Ovsynch + CIDR, Modified Ovsynch and Double PG protocols was 90.00, 100.00, 87.50 and 81.25 %, respectively. The conception rates at induced estrus with FTAI for these protocols were 50.00, 40.00, 50.00 and 43.75 %, respectively and the corresponding overall conception rates for 3 cycles’ post-treatment were 60.00, 70.00, 68.75 and 56.25 %, respectively, compared to zero result of control group. The mean plasma progesterone concentration varied highly significantly (p less than 0.01) between periods of treatment in all protocols, the values were lower (p less than 0.01) on day 0 and on day of FTAI than on the day of last PG injection and on day 12 post-AI. The values on day 12 post-AI were significantly higher in conceived than non-conceived cows. The trend of estradiol-17â profile on day of last PG injection was reversed than on day 0. The higher levels of estradiol-17â on day of FTAI were associated with regression of cystic structures and development of new dominant follicles with estrogenic activity concomitant to induced estrus and ovulatory LH surge in most of the animals as evident from USG monitoring, behavioural signs and conception rates.

Short-term undernutrition and prenatal mortality in young and mature Merino ewes

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Mackenzie ◽  
T. N. Edey
Keyword(s):  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Cycle Lengths ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right

SUMMARYPrenatal mortality was examined in 74 primiparous Merino ewes which, after hand mating to fertile rams on the second oestrus following synchronization, were allocated to two groups. One group of 38 ewes was confined to yards and restricted to approximately 30% of their maintenance requirement for 14 days while the other group of 36 remained at pasture. The degree and timing of prenatal loss was assessed by corpora lutea counts, pregnancy diagnosis about day 40, returns to service and lambing records.The mean ovulation rate was 1·06 and the 19-day non-return rate was 87·8%. Pregnancy failed in a higher proportion of the underfed ewes (45·0%) than in the control ewes (30·8%) but this difference did not reach significance. Of the ewes returning to service, significantly more did so with cycles longer than 19 days in the underfed group (9/12) than in the control group (2/8), indicating that in the latter stages, the treatment may have been detrimental to embryo survival.In a second experiment, ovulation rate and prenatal mortality, assessed as in the first experiment, were studied in 85 mature Merino ewes subjected to the following nutritional treatments: HH, control; HL, 30% submaintenance feeding for 14 days following mating; LH, 15% submaintenance feeding for 7 days prior to mating; LL, both submaintenance treatments.Acute undernutrition prior to mating (LH) had no effect on ovulation rate or prenatal mortality. Ovulation rates were low over all groups (mean 1·09) and thus precluded any valid examination of ovulation rate and body weight relationships. The right ovary was significantly more active in producing ova than the left in all groups (P < 0·05). Although ova wastage was apparently higher in. the post-mating undernutrition groups (HL, 44%; LL, 48%; LH, 50%) than in the control group (HH, 35%), the differences were not significant. An increased incidence of extended (> 19 days) first-return cycle lengths in group LL provided some evidence of induced prenatal mortality.In so far as the experiments can be considered together, they indicate that if body weights are comparable, primiparous 1½-year-old ewes are not necessarily more susceptible than mature ewes to prenatal mortality induced by severe short-term undernutrition.

Relationships among post-calving anoestrous interval, oestrous cycles, conception rates and calving date in Angus and Hereford × Friesian cows calving in six successive years

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Pleasants ◽  
D. G. McCall
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Cycle Lengths ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Friesian Cows

AbstractThe records of 1397 cows calving in the spring were collected in the years 1979 to 1984. They were from 638 Angus and 759 Hereford × Friesian cows, and were used to examine the dependencies of post-partum anoestrous interval (ppai), length of oestrous cycle after calving, and conception rate to each oestrus after calving.Two-year-old cows had longer ppai (P < 0·05) than older cows (76 v. 72 days), and Hereford × Friesian cows had shorter (P < 0·05) ppai than Angus cows (68 v. 72 days). Cows due to begin calving on 8 August (early calving) had longer (P < 0·01) ppai than cows due to begin calving on 19 September (71 v. 55 days).The linear regression between ppai and calving date (−0·60) did not differ between years, nor between early and late calving. Non-parametric regressions showed that the dependence between ppai and calving date was linear between plus or minus 20 days of the mean ppai in both early- and late-calving herds. Outside these limits variability of ppai increased and there was no relationship with calving date.The length of the first oestrous cycle after calving was 22 days in 2-year-old cows and 24 days in older cows. Second and third oestrous cycles after calving were 20 days for all breeds and age classes. There was a correlation of −0·41 between the ppai and the length of the first oestrous cycle after anoestrum. There was no significant deviation from normality of ppai or the succeeding post-partum oestrous cycle lengths.The conception rate to the first oestrus after calving was significantly lower (P < 0·01) than for later oestrous periods. The conception rate to first post-partum oestrus showed dependence on the ppai, logit regressions showing a 0·005 to 0·01 proportional improvement in conception at first oestrus per day increase in ppai.The significance of these results to the construction of mathematical models of reproduction in the beef cow is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Extended-Release Steroid Implants on the Contralateral Eye

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efrat Fleissig ◽  
Douglas Kenneth Sigford
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Extended Release ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Contralateral Effect ◽  
Central Subfield Thickness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Contralateral Eye ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
And Control

Abstract Purpose To investigate the contralateral effect of extended release steroid implants on cystoid macular edema (CME). Methods Retrospective study of patients with bilateral CME receiving intravitreal injections of long-acting intravitreal corticosteroid implants. Changes in CME and central subfield thickness (CST) in the contralateral eye on optical coherence tomography (OCT) were compared to an untreated control group. Results Thirteen study patients and 14 controls were included in the study. In the treatment group CST remained stable in all of the patients. Of the controls, CST worsened in 21.4% and remained stable in 78.6%. The mean CST (6.3 ± 30.3 vs. 27.5 ± 66.1 µm, p = 0.2) and the mean macular volume (0.08 ± 0.34 vs. -0.05 ± 0.21 mm3, P = 0.8) were not statistically different between the treatment group and control group. Conclusion In this study there was no statistically significant effect on CME of contralateral intravitreal corticosteroid implants.

Effects of ovulation status and stage of oestrous cycle on plasma progesterone concentrations in cattle with or without a history of twin calvings

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Morris ◽  
A. M. Day ◽  
A. J. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Breeding Experiment ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rectal Palpation ◽  
Group Effects

ABSTRACTPlasma progesterone concentrations were measured over two collection periods from two groups of mature non-pregnant cows involved in a twin-breeding experiment. One group (T) consisted of cows obtained from private herds after having produced at least two sets of twins each; the other was a control group of similar ages and breeds. Yearling heifers from the same breeding experiment were also included. The mean progesterone concentration from cows in the T group was proportionally 0·83 of the value in control cows and the cow group effects were consistent in direction for samples obtained after single or double ovulations. Results were also consistent in early oestrous cycle (days 3 to 7, oestrus = day 0), mid cycle (days 8 to 13) but not late cycle (days 14 to 18). Concentrations were significantly higher in yearling heifers than in control cows. There was a trend for higher progesterone concentrations after double than after single ovulations assessed by rectal palpation, but differences were not significant.

Effect of estrus synchronization on plasma progesterone profile and fertility response in postpartum suckled anestrous Kankrej cows

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrajuddin Naikoo ◽  
A. J. Dhami ◽  
Ammu Ramakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cyclic Groups ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Cyclic Control ◽  
The Mean

The study was designed at evaluating early postpartum ovarian activity through plasma progesterone profile at 10 days interval up to 90 days, followed by induction of estrus in postpartum anestrous suckled Kankrej cows (n=18) using Ovsynch, CIDR and Ovsynch + CIDR treatment protocols with FTAI (6 cows in each protocol), keeping six normal cyclic cows as control. The plasma P4 profile (ng/ml) varied in the range of 0.15±0.03 to 1.70±0.80 in treatment groups and 0.62 ±0.19 to 4.09±1.60 in control group up to 90 days postpartum. The mean P4 concentration on the day of calving was low (<1 ng/ml) in all the groups, which gradually increased to reach peak levels by day 40 in cyclic control (4.09±1.60 ng/ml), Ovsynch (1.70±0.80 ng/ml) and CIDR (1.68±0.47 ng/ml) and by day 20 in Ovsynch + CIDR (1.09±0.23 ng/ml) groups. Most of the cows turned into subestrous or anestrous condition between days 40 and 90 postpartum. The estrus induction response in Ovsynch, CIDR and Ovsynch + CIDR groups initiated at day 90-92 postpartum was 66.66, 83.33 and 50.00 per cent, respectively. The conception rates at induced estrus were 16.66, 33.33 and 16.66 per cent, and overall of 3 cycles 33.33 (2/6), 50.00 (3/3) and 33.33 (2/6) per cent, respectively. In normal cyclic control group, the conception rates at first cycle and overall of 3 cycles were 33.33 and 50.00 per cent. The mean plasma P4 (ng/ml) concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) higher on day 7 in Ovsynch (1.41 ±0.10), CIDR (4.92±0.83) and Ovsynch + CIDR (3.87±0.84) protocols as compared to their corresponding values on day 0 and day 9/10 (AI). The mean values of plasma P4 from days 20 to 40 post-AI were higher in conceived cows than in non-conceived cows of CIDR and Ovsynch + CIDR groups, compared to the animals in Ovsynch and normal cyclic groups. It is opined that the use of different protocols, mainly CIDR, may serve as an effective tool for induction and synchronization of estrus and improvement of conception rate in postpartum anestrous suckled Kankrej cows.

The efficacy of collars impregnated with flumethrin and propoxur against experimental infestations of adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus on dogs

2003 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Fourie ◽  
D. Stanneck ◽  
I.G. Horak
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Residual Efficacy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tick Counts

The efficacy of 2 sets of collars (Kiltix(R) Collar, Bayer AG), containing different plasticisers and impregnated with the acaricides flumethrin (2.25 %) and propoxur (10 %), was compared against adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus on experimentally infested, kennelled dogs. Thirty individually penned dogs were infested with 25 male and 25 female, unfed R. sanguineus. On the following day they were allocated to 3 groups of 10 dogs each on the magnitude of their tick burdens. Two days after infestation, medicated collars containing 1 of the plasticisers were fitted to 10 of the dogs and similar collars containing the other plasticiser were fitted to 10 others. The remaining 10 dogs were the untreated controls. Seven and 28 days after having fitted the collars, all dogs were re-infested with 50 unfed adult ticks of both sexes, and again at approximately 28-day intervals up to the 5th month, and then at approximately 14-day intervals during the 6th month. Efficacy was determined by comparing the mean number of live, attached ticks on the untreated control group with those on the collared dogs 2 days after each re-infestation. Immediate efficacy of the collars (Day +2) was > 95 %, and residual efficacy was > 98% up to and including Day +114, and > 93 % up to Day +170 on both groups of collared dogs. The mean tick counts on the 2 groups of collared dogs did not differ significantly (P < 0.0001) for any of the assessment days.

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