Effect of harvesting stage on cereal and legume forage production in low rainfall regions

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hadjichristodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Harvesting Stage ◽  
Percentage Protein

SUMMARYThe effect of stage of harvesting on dry-matter (D.M.) yield and chemical composition of barley, wheat and the legumes common vetch (F. sativa), woollypod vetch (F. dasycarpa) and fodder peas (P. sativum) were studied in Cyprus under low rainfall conditions in a series of trials sown in four successive years. Cereals were harvested at the beginning of heading, 50% heading and the milk stage of grain, and legumes at three stages from preflowering to full pod formation, D.M., protein and digestible D.M. yields and percentage D.M. content increased with age, whereas percentage protein content and D.M. digestibility declined. Under moisture stress conditions before and during the harvesting period D.M. yields did not increase significantly with age. Protein content of cereals under low rainfall conditions was higher than that of cereals grown in the U.K. under higher N fertilization levels. Rainfall conditions affected drastically the performance of both cereals and legumes. However, average yields were satisfactory; the barley variety 628 gave 8·98 t/ha, the highest D.M. yield among all cereal and legume varieties.

The effect of variety and harvesting stage on forage production of barley in a low-rainfall environment

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Droushiotis
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Harvesting Stage

SummaryThree cutting stages, the boot stage, 50% heading and the milk stage of grain, were imposed on eight barley varieties at four sites, two in each of two successive cropping seasons. Dry-matter and digestible yield increased significantly when harvest was delayed from the boot to the milk stage but crude-protein content and digestibility declined with advanced maturity. A similar pattern of response was obtained in most cases when varieties were examined individually. Variety 628 produced the highest yield, 8·34 t D.M./ha, while the most digestible variety was Athenais with 61·9% digestibility. In low-rainfall regions harvesting at the later stages of maturity is recommended, to take advantage of the higher D.M. yields.

scholarly journals SILAGE YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF FORAGELEGUMES INTERCROPPING WITH CEREALS

AGROFOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
George PAPANAOUM ◽  
Elissavet BOULOUMPASI ◽  
Theano B. LAZARIDOU
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Total N ◽  
Winter Cereals

Intercropping of most annual legumes with winter cereals is a very common practice for forage production in many countries. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of intercropping cereals with forage legumes on silage yield and protein content. The completely randomized design was applied with three replications and the experiment was established in the farm of the Western Macedonia University in Florina. Particularly, common vetch, forage pea and faba beans were used as forage legumes, and barley, bread wheat and triticale were used as cereals, which were grown individually as well as intercropped with each other in mixed rows in a sowing ratio 65:35. The plots consisted of seven rows five meters long of which the five inner were harvested. A total of 45 experimental plots was installed. The field was fertilized only with base fertilization. All the cultural practices used by farmers were applied. The plants were harvested when the legumes were at the end of the flowering period and were dried naturally for the formation of hay. The plants were separated by hand to determine the weight of fresh matter for each species. Samples of 100 g of hay from each experimental plot were used to calculate the dry matter and to determine the total N using the Kjeldahl method and subsequently the total protein content. In most cases differences were found between the treatments concerning the dry matter and the protein content giving a better proportion in the mixtures.

Genotype, Environment and Rainfall effects on Vetch Varieties in a Semi-Arid Region

1978 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hadjichristodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Semi Arid

SUMMARYForage production of common vetch in semi-arid Mediterranean regions can be increased by varietal improvement. Dry matter content and crude protein yield were affected by environment more than crude protein content and harvesting date. Forage produced in environments where plants grew quicker was of lower dry matter content, higher crude protein content but of similar weight as forage produced in late environments. Variations in annual rainfall explained 35 to 76% of the total variation in dry matter yield.

scholarly journals Black oat grown with common vetch improves the chemical composition and degradability rate of forage

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e49951
Author(s):  
Fabiellen Cristina Pereira ◽  
Luiz Carlos Pinheiro Machado Filho ◽  
Daniele Cristina da Silva Kazama ◽  
Roberto Guimarães Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
R Package ◽  
Behavioral Observation ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Biting Rate

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cultivating a combination of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) with black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb.) on the chemical composition of forage and the grazing behavior of heifers. To accomplish this, two paddocks 2500m2 each from a Voisin Rational Grazing management system were divided into three blocks each and then into thirds (278m²) characterizing a randomized block design. Three different forage compositions were distributed into these thirds: oats grown alone, vetch grown alone, and oats grown with vetch. Forage samples were collected after 65 days through the square method. Right after collection, three groups of four heifers each grazed the plots for two hours in a 3x3 double Latin Square design for behavioral observation, grazing simulation through the hand-plucking method, and biting rate determination. Forage samples collected either by hand-plucking or the square method, were analyzed for chemical composition and “in vitro” degradability.  Statistical analyses were performed using the R package lme4. Data were evaluated with linear mixed-effects models. The inclusion of common vetch significantly increased forage production and oat protein content, but decreased the fiber content, which promoted better “in vitro” degradability. Grazing frequency was higher in pasture where oats were grown with vetch, but the biting rate was similar in all the three forage compositions evaluated. Forage collected by the square method did not differ from forage consumed by the heifers, probably meaning low herbage selectivity by heifers.  Furthermore, no interaction of investigated variables occurred between forage compositions and the method of collection. The inclusion of common vetch with black oats increased forage chemical composition, “in vitro” degradability, and forage production, thus having positive effects on the time cows spent grazing.

Mixtures of annual legumes and small-grained cereals for forage production under low rainfall

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Droushiotis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Legume Seed ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Triticale Line

SUMMARYTwo small-grained cereals, Mulga oats and a triticale line, and two legumes, local vetch and local peas, were grown in pure stands and in mixtures at various cereal: legume seed ratios (20:80, 40:60, 60:40 and 80:20) for three successive cropping years, 1981/82 to 1983/84, at Laxia and Dromolaxia, Cyprus, in each year.The cereal pure stands produced, on average, more dry matter, 8·40 t/ha, and more digestible organic matter, 4·12 t/ha, than the legume pure stands, 3·68 and 2·18 t/ha, respectively. On average, total dry matter production decreased linearly as the seed proportion of the legume component in the mixture increased. The proportion of the legume in the harvested material was much lower than expected from the seed ratios. The highest proportion of legume was seen in the mixtures of peas with triticale and ranged from 8·1 to 35·5% at the various sowing rates. Digestibility and crude protein content were highest in the mixtures of triticale and peas.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Synedrella nodiflora (Tropical Weed)

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Suwignyo ◽  
Galih Pawening ◽  
Muhammad Humaidi Haris ◽  
Nafiatul Umami ◽  
Nilo Suseno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Synedrella Nodiflora ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers

This study aimed to determine the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the cultivation of tropical weed Synedrella nodiflora as forage. The study was conducted from May to July 2018. The treatments of the research were control (C), organic fertilizer (D) and organic fertilizer + urea (DU), with 3 replications that were arranged on experimental design with a completely randomized design, in a unidirectional pattern and continued with least significant different (LSD). Organic fertilizer dosage in this study was 5 tons/ha, while urea fertilizer was 350 kg/ha, with plant spacing was 45x60 cm. The observed parameters were plant height, forage production and chemical composition (5 weeks after planting). Plant height of C, D and DU were 41.59, 47,42, and 50.59 cm respectively. Forage production of dry matter after 5 weeks planting at C, D and DU were 1.69, 1.70 and 2.91ton/ha, with in vitro digestibility values ranging from 51.68 to 57.70% (IVDMD) and 51.71 to 61.98% (OMD) respectively. The chemical composition of native S. Nodiflora were 12.32% of dry matter (DM), 62.45% TDN count for cattle and 67.42% TDN count for sheep. Based on DM, The organic matter was 84.46%, crude protein 20,11%, crude fiber 13.26%, extract ether 7.77%, and nitrogen free extract 37.08%. The combination of organic fertilizer and urea increased the height and fresh and dry matter production S. nodiflora.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF THE INCORPORATION OF REJECTS OF CASHEW NUTKERNELS IN SOWFEED ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 794-798
Author(s):  
Yao Koffisylvanus Aubert ◽  
◽  
Brou Gboko Konan Gatien ◽  
Kadjo Vincent ◽  
Kimse Moussa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Large White ◽  
Food Ration ◽  
Lipid Contents ◽  
Set Up ◽  
By Products

In order to obtain more and more resistantpigletsduring lactation, thisexperimentwas set up. Its objective was to assess the quality of the milkproduced by the sowafter the use of new agricultural by-products in the feeding of lactatingsows.Thus, downgradedalmondswereintroducedinto the diets.Three types wereformulated and tested on threeseparate lots of 10 sows [(Large White x Pietrain) X (Landrace x Duroc)] each.Thesedietsconsisted of 0, 6 and 9% downgradedalmonds. Releases of cashew kernels in the food ration had no significanteffect on the dry matter, protein content of colostrum 1, 2, 3 and milk.In contrast, the use of 9% cashew kernelrejectssignificantlyincreased (P <0.05) the proportions of lipid in colostrums and in milk.The lipid contents increased by 1.07% 1.01% 1.05% and 1.10% respectively for colostrums 1, 2, 3 and milk. Thesehigherlipid proportions couldincrease the organicenergylevel of piglets and makethem more resistant to microbialattack.

scholarly journals A NEW CULTIVAR OF COMMON VETCH OBSKAYA 16

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
A. V. Goncharova
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Fodder Quality ◽  
Variety Testing

The results of research into the creation of a new cultivar of spring common vetch Obskaya 16 are presented. The work was carried out in the period 2014-2017. The goal was set to create a new earlyripening variety with а high fodder and seed productivity, high protein content, and an even ripening of seeds. The vetch cultivar Obskaya 16 was created by the method of hybridization on the basis of genetically different and ecologically-distant genotypes with subsequent multiple selection according to the specified parameters from the Kamalinskaya 611 × Novosibirskskaya hybrid populations. The vetch cultivar Obskaya 16 combines early ripeness with high fodder and seed productivity. The length of the growing season of the new cultivar is, on average, 81 days, which allows for the production of certified seeds annually. During all the years of testing in breeding nurseries, the new cultivar surpassed the standard Kamalinskaya 611 in green mass by 41%, in dry matter by 40%, and in grain by 27%. This cultivar is of mowing type, its average seed yield is 2.43 t/ha, green mass 28 t/ha, dry matter – 5.82 t/ha. The main economic and valuable characteristics of the Obskaya 16 cultivar are as follows: the height of the stem is 85-120 cm, the number of internodes is 19-25, the height of attachment of the lower seed pods is 78 cm. The average number of seed pods per plant is 24, the maximum is 46, the average number of seeds per a seed pod is 7-8. The mass of 1000 seeds is 72.6 g. The colour of the seed coat is mainly black velvet (92%) and brown (8%). Crude protein content is 25.3–30.5%. In 2016 the cultivar of spring common vetch was passed to the state variety testing under the name Obskaya 16. The newly created cultivar surpasses the previously recognized varieties in the region by early ripeness, fodder and seed productivity, as well as high fodder quality.

Investigations into the Intensive System of Grassland Management.

1930 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Greenhill
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Average Fibre ◽  
Intensive System

1. Herbage from pastures managed under the Intensive System of Grassland Management, and representing three to five weeks’ growth, from three centres in three seasons, was closely comparable with that obtained by other workers from “pasture cuts” at one- to three-weekly intervals from unmanured pastures, in respect of the chemical composition of its dry matter, which is, in fact, a concentrated feeding stuff of narrow nutritive ratio and low in fibre content.2. The nutritive ratio is somewhat wider in a dry than in a wet season, but the average fibre content is not markedly different.3. During the grazing season, drought or the early summer flush period produce some reduction in protein content and an increase in fibre content, with a recovery following the cessation of the drought or after the flush period respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield contributing character, biomass yield and nutritive value of cowpea forage

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
MR Hasan ◽  
MA Akbar ◽  
ZH Khandaker ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen application on the yield contributing characteristics, biomass yield and nutritive values of cowpea forage. Five nitrogen levels viz: 0 (T0), 15 (T1), 20 (T2), 25 (T3) and 30 (T0) kg N/ha were applied in 20 plots in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The result showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer had significant (P<0.01) effect on plant height and highest plant height (96.25 cm) was observed at 25 kgN/ha. However, application of nitrogen fertilizer from urea did not show any significant effect on branching of plant. The application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly (P<0.01) increased the green, dry and organic matter, and crude protein yield of cowpea forage. No significant difference (P>0.01) among the groups for chemical composition of cowpea forage was observed due to increasing rate of N fertilizer. Similarly, N fertilization had no affect on OM digestibility and ME content of cowpea forage. From the results of the present study, it may be concluded that the application of N at the rate of 25 Kg N/ha could be used for cowpea forage production. Key words: Cowpea; Nitrogen fertilizer; Yield; Chemical composition; Nutritive value DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9680 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 83-88

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