CONSANGUINITY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO DIFFERENTIAL FERTILITY AND MORTALITY IN THE KOTIA: A TRIBAL POPULATION OF ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
YASMIN, J. M. NAIDU ◽  
C. G. N. MASCIE-TAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Differential Fertility ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Visakhapatnam District

Data on patterns of marriage, differential fertility and mortality were collected from 211 Kotia women residing in Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Consanguineous marriages made up just over a quarter of the total, and of these, father's sister's daughter (FSD) were more common than mother's brother's daughter (MBD). The mean inbreeding coefficient for the sample (F) was 0·0172. Women in consanguineous marriages had a lower mean number of total conceptions, live births and living offspring (net fertility) than women in non-consanguineous marriages. Significant heterogeneity was found in the means of living offspring for FSD, MBD and non-consanguineous couples, but not for conceptions and live births.

Sex linked versus autosomal inbreeding coefficient in close consanguineous marriages in the Basque country and Castile (Spain): genetic implications

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Calderón ◽  
B. Morales ◽  
J. A. Peña ◽  
J. Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
Spanish Regions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Made In

SummaryPedigree structures of 161 uncle/niece-aunt/nephew and 4420 first cousin consanguineous marriages registered during the 19th and 20th centuries in two large and very different Spanish regions have been analysed and their genetic consequences evaluated. The frequencies of the different pedigree subtypes within each degree of relationship were quite similar in both populations despite significant heterogeneity in inbreeding patterns. The mean X-linked inbreeding coefficient (Fx) for each type of cousin mating was calculated and compared to that expected for autosomal genes (F). The effect of genealogical structure on theFx/Fradio was compared to different cultural populations worldwide. Preferentiality and avoidance of close consanguinity along with specific types of pedigrees are discussed on the basis of premarital migration and sociocultural rules still deeply rooted in certain human groups. By admitting that the observedFxcoefficient is usually higher thanFin most human populations some remarks have been made in terms of population genetic risk.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGES IN SOUTH SINAI, EGYPT

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. YAMAMAH ◽  
E. ABDEL-RAOUF ◽  
A. TALAAT ◽  
A. SAAD-HUSSEIN ◽  
H. HAMAMY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
South Sinai ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mixed Populations ◽  
El Tor

SummaryA total of 3961 married couples from six major geographical areas representing the South Sinai governorates in Egypt were studied to assess the rate of consanguineous marriage. The population of six selected areas (St Catherines, Nuweiba, Abu Rudeis, Ras Sudr, El Tor and Abu Zenima) were subdivided into Bedouin, urban and mixed populations. A questionnaire-based interview was conducted showing that the consanguinity rate in this region is 37.5%, with the highest rate recorded in Abu Rudeis (52.3%) and lowest rate in Nuweiba (24.1%). Consanguinity was significantly higher among the Bedouin population compared with the urban population in Abu Rudeis, Ras Sudr, El Tor and Abu Zenima, while in St Catherines and Nuweiba there was no statistically significant difference. Among consanguineous couples, 5%, 60% and 35% were double first cousins, first cousins and second cousins respectively. The mean inbreeding coefficient α of the studied population was 0.01845.

scholarly journals Incidence and Characteristics of Retinoblastoma in Poland: The First Nationwide Study 2010–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6539
Author(s):  
Michał S. Nowak ◽  
Bożena Romanowska-Dixon ◽  
Iwona Grabska-Liberek ◽  
Michał Żurek
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
External Beam Radiotherapy ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Focal Treatment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Birth Cohort Analysis

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the incidence and characteristics of retinoblastoma in the overall population of Poland. Methods: The retrospective survey of both National Health Fund (NHF) and National Cancer Registry (NCR) databases were performed to identify all retinoblastoma cases in Poland in the years 2010–2017. Results: During 2010–2017, the mean age-standardised incidence of retinoblastoma (the unit of incidence is per 1,000,000 person-years) was 10.15 (95% CI 7.23–13.08) among children aged 0 to 4 years and 5.39 (95% CI 4.18–6.60) in those aged 0 to 9 years. During 2010–2014 (to allow 5 years of follow-up), the mean incidence of retinoblastoma by birth cohort analysis in Poland was 4.89 (95% CI 4.04–5.74) per 100,000 live births, corresponding to an incidence of 1 per 20,561 (95% CI 15,855–25,267) live births. In Poland, 14.6% of children with retinoblastoma had enucleation of the eye globe, 76.8% received different types of chemotherapy combined with focal treatment, 5.9% were treated with external beam radiotherapy, and 2.7% were treated with focal treatments only. Conclusions: The incidence of retinoblastoma and the pattern of medical management of retinoblastoma in Poland was similar to that reported in developed countries in Western Europe, Asia, and North America.

scholarly journals A two-year retrospective study of infants with Erb-Duchenne's palsy at a tertiary centre in Rajasthan, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 700
Author(s):  
Rakesh Appasaheb Hasabe ◽  
Dnyaneshwar S. Diwane ◽  
Sushant S. Chandawar
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus Injury ◽  
Single Mother ◽  
Shoulder Dystocia ◽  
Fetal Macrosomia ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Care History

Background: Brachial plexus injury (BPI) has prevalence of between 0.5 and 4.4/1000 live births. It is commonly believed to be attributed to extensive lateral traction during difficult neck delivery. This paper aims to look at one aspect of birth injuries, Erb-Duchenne palsy, its incidence and contributing factors.Methods: All infants sustaining Erb-Duchenne palsy during birth were identified at Department of OBGY, NIMS Hospital, Jaipur. The notes of the infants and mothers were reviewed. Special attention was given to the known risk factors for birth trauma such as ethnicity, parity, antenatal care, history of diabetes etc.Results: During the two-year period 2013 to 2015, there were 6 infants diagnosed with Erb-Duchenne palsy, giving an incidence of 0.79 in 1000 live births. Out of six, four were primigravidae. All pregnancies were singleton, cephalic/vertex undergoing vaginal deliveries; none required forceps or ventouse deliveries. The mean infant birthweight was 4.378 kg with a median value of 4.48 kg (range 3.51-4.78). Four infants were classified as macrosomic i.e. birthweights greater than 4 kg, four infants had birthweights of 4 kg to 5 kg; none weighed over 5 kg. Three of the deliveries were documented as difficult shoulder delivery/shoulder dystocia. Five of the infants had APGAR scores that were less than seven.Conclusions: This study suggested that Erb-Duchenne palsy is strongly associated with fetal macrosomia and shoulder dystocia. Diabetes was not significant in causing macrosomia as only single mother was found diabetic. Fetal macrosomia contributed to shoulder dystocia in the majority of cases.

Intelligence, education and fertility: a comparison between the 1932 Scott Surveys

1969 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Differential Fertility ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Linear Differential ◽  
Intelligence Education

In 1932 all 11-year-old children in Scottish schools were given a group intelligence test, and a sample of 1000 was individually tested. The future careers of this sample were followed till 1939. In 1968, 709 of the original sample could be traced, and data about education, employment, and family were obtained. In 1947, a parallel survey was conducted in Scotland, and a sample of 1208 children was individually tested, and followed up for 16 years. The same data about education, employment and family are available for the 1947 Sample.A comparison between length of school education indicates a greater proportion completing a full secondary education in the 1947 than in the 1932 Sample. Proportionally, more of the 1947 Sample graduated from university. In marriage, it is possible to cut across the 1932 Sample at the age of 27 years, to make direct comparison with the 1947 Sample at the same age. The greatest incidence of marriage is in the middle range of IQ, but later records for the 1932 Sample show a relative uniformity of marriage over the IQ range. The pattern for occupational class is similar. There is a slight tendency to later marriage in the 1932 Sample. Two measures of differential fertility for IQ are used. For both samples, there is a negative relationship between the mean IQs of the sample members and the number of their sibs, more marked for the 1947 Sample. The number of children born to members of the two samples before the age of 27 years shows a similar relationship, but in the following 20 years the pattern for the 1932 Sample changes to one with a peak of mean IQ at two children. It is suggested that linear differential fertility for IQ may be a function of the age of the parent.

scholarly journals Socio-Demographic Profile of Schedule Tribes of Five Integrated Tribal Development Agency Spots at Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Tamanna Nazli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Development Agency ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Care Facilities

Background: Tribal population is the second largest in India next to Africa, constituting 8.6% of total India population. Tribal population have unique physical, socio-economic and cultural environment but most deprived from health care facilities and vulnerable to malnutrition and diseases. Objective: To study the living condition of tribal people which includes socio-economic, demographic and health status profile along with providing health care facilities to tribes. Methods: Five Integrated Tribal Development Agency (ITDA) spots which belongs to Chenchu tribe of Kurnool district Andhra Pradesh were adopted. Data was collected through house-to-house survey and in Mobile medical camps in a pre-tested questionnaire provided by CCRUM. Results: A total of 3174 patients were screened among them 584 person of 130 families were selected for data collection. Majority (93.07%) were Hindu in the age group 21-30 years (31.6%), with male preponderance. Education status was fair (42.63%) population were illiterate. The basis amenities were good, (93.84%) use piped drinking water, all had open drainage system, (91.53%) use LPG, (89.23%) household surveys have pucca house, and (77.69%) use pit toilet. More than half of them (54.79%) were married, (70.16%) adopted permanent sterilization for family planning, 107 females registered when pregnant, majority delivered at hospital (53.44%), mostly (93.91%) visited family welfare center, 117(90%) household don’t have government health facility other than PHC or MCH. Conclusion: Low-income status, less literacy rate, and unhygienic sanitary conditions were common among Chenchu tribe of Andhra Pradesh. Majority of them (25.87%) suffered from Musculoskeletal diseases reported to OPD of mobile medical camps.

scholarly journals Consanguineous marriages in Finland and their implication for genetic disease

1995 ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Jaakko Ignatius
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Genetic Disease ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Finnish Population ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Disorders ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Diseases ◽  
Recessive Disorders

The frequency of marriages contracted between individuals with close consanguinity has traditionally been low in Finland. In the 19th and early 20th centuries only 0.1-0.3% of all marriages were contracted between first-cousins (average kinship coefficient 0.0001-0.0002). In genealogical search, however, a remote consanguinity (often beyond 3rd cousins) is frequently found especially in the rural areas and the true level of inbreeding is higher. In Finland, several autosomal recessive diseases are known to be enriched in the population. This unique spectrum of genetic diseases is sometimes called »the Finnish Disease Heritage». To study the implication of close consanguinity for these disorders, information on consanguineous marriages closer than second-cousins was collected from 808 families representing 24 different »Finnish» autosomal recessive disorders. The mean rate of first-cousin marriages was 1.6% (0-20%). Consanguinity (parents second-cousins or closer) was found in 4.2% of the families. For comparison, in 160 families representing three »non-Finnish» autosomal disorders the corresponding figures were 1.9% and 2.5%, respectively. Although these figures are high when compared to the general Finnish population, it can be concluded that close consanguinity is not a significant factor of Finnish genetic diseases.

scholarly journals IDENTITY COEFFICIENTS IN FINITE POPULATIONS. I. EVOLUTION OF IDENTITY COEFFICIENTS IN A RANDOM MATING DIPLOID DIOECIOUS POPULATION

Genetics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-713
Author(s):  
C Chevalet ◽  
M Gillois ◽  
R F Nassar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Matrix Multiplication ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT Properties of identity relation between genes are discussed, and a derivation of recurrent equations of identity coefficients in a random mating, diploid dioecious population is presented. Computations are run by repeated matrix multiplication. Results show that for effective population size (Ne) larger than 16 and no mutation, a given identity coefficient at any time t can be expressed approximately as a function of (1—f), (1—f)3 and (1—f)6, where f is the mean inbreeding coefficient at time t. Tables are presented, for small Ne values and extreme sex ratios, showing the pattern of change in the identity coefficients over time. The pattern of evolution of identity coefficients is also presented and discussed with respect to N eu, where u is the mutation rate. Applications of these results to the evolution of genetic variability within and between inbred lines are discussed.

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