Failure of cortisol injected prior to milking to inhibit milk ejection in dairy cattle

1987 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald K. Mayer ◽  
Alan M. Lefcourt
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanism ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Injection Control

SummaryTO test the potential for Cortisol to inhibit milk ejection directly, 18 Holstein cows were divided equally into control and treatment groups based on milk yields. For treated animals, a single injection of Cortisol was made into the saphenous vein 15 min before milkings. Increasing amounts of cortisol (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg) were injected for one morning and one evening milking, with the exception that the treated cows received only one 100 mg injection. Control animals received injections of 0·9% (w/v) NaCl. Cortisol injections had no effect on milk yields. However, a potential inhibitory mechanism might involve a delay, perhaps due to the necessity of synthesizing a regulatory protein. Therefore, to test the potential for increased cortisol over a period of hours to inhibit milk ejection, six of the nine cows in the treatment group were injected with 100 mg of cortisol at 3·25, 2·25, 1·25 and 0·25 h before sequential morning and evening milkings. In blood samples taken 1 min before and after injections, base-line cortisol concentrations averaged 10·2 mg/ml; after injection they were 984·1 ng/ml, and before subsequent injections they were 37·6 ng/ml. Again cortisol injections had no effect on milk yields.

scholarly journals Gene Expression of PSORI-CM01 and Yinxieling in the Treatment of Psoriasis Vulgaris

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yue Lu ◽  
Yao Qi ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Yuhong Yan ◽  
Danni Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Psoriasis Vulgaris ◽  
Drug Action ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Before And After

Background. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of action of the PSORI-CM01 and Yinxieling formulas in the treatment of patients with psoriasis vulgaris by analyzing gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Methods. PBMC samples were collected from 21 patients before and after treatment. The study included nine patients in the PSORI-CM01 treatment group, 12 patients in the Yinxieling treatment group, and nine patients in the healthy control group. Gene expression levels in PBMCs were determined using the Affymetrix gene chip technology. Results. In the PSORI-CM01 group before and after treatment, a total of 668 differentially expressed genes were found, of which 445 were upregulated and 223 were downregulated. Before and after Yinxieling treatment, 657 differentially expressed genes were found, of which 168 were upregulated and 489 were downregulated. Venn analysis showed that 78 genes were not differentially expressed in the PSORI-CM01 group and 74 were not differentially expressed in the Yinxieling group compared with those in the controls. Among these genes, 72 genes were common to both groups, which were the genes on which the two drugs acted jointly. The results of KEGG analysis and Venn analysis on the signalling pathways of drug action in treatment groups showed that haemostasis and pathways involving Rho GTPases were common signalling pathways of drug action in the two groups. Conclusions. By a comparative analysis of the treatment groups, we found that both drugs have a positive effect on patients with psoriasis vulgaris, primarily by regulating the pathways related to platelet activation, aggregation, and blood coagulation. Trial registration: ChiCTR, ChiCTR-TRC-14005185, Registered 8 August 2014, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=4390

scholarly journals Bilirubin Adsorption Versus Plasma Exchange for Hyperbilirubinemia in Patients After Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Kan ◽  
He Zhang ◽  
Kai Zhong ◽  
Haitao Zhang ◽  
Zeshi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Plasma Exchange ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Circulatory Support ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bilirubin Adsorption

Abstract Objective: Hyperbilirubinemia after cardiac surgery increases in-hospital mortality and is associated with poor prognosis. Our present study aimed to compare the efficacy of bilirubin adsorption (BA) and plasma exchange (PEX) in patients with hyperbilirubinemia after cardiac surgery.Methods: We retrospectively included patients who underwent BA treatment or PEX treatment due to severe hyperbilirubinemia after cardiac surgery in our center from 2015 to 2020. We collected examinations of urine and liver function before and after treatment and compared the in-hospital mortality and morbidity between two treatment groups. Results: A total of 56 patients were enrolled in this study, 14 patients received BA treatment and 42 patients received PEX treatment. BA group provided a statistically significant reduction in the TBil (p=0.016) and DBil (p=0.036) compared to PEX group. The in-hospital mortality was 85.7% (48/56) in the whole group, BA group had lower mortality than PEX group (71.4% vs. 90.5%, p=0.078). BA group showed better circulatory support, including lower risks of IABP (21.4% vs. 52.4%, p=0.044), ECMO (21.4% vs. 50.0%, p=0.061), re-intubation (64.3% vs. 40.5%, p=0.122) and ventricular arrhythmias (64.3% vs. 45.2%, p=0.217). The in-hospital mortality was still lower in BA treatment group than PEX treatment group (71.4% vs. 100%, p=0.049) in matched cohort.Conclusions: BA treatment had higher removal ability of bilirubin in patients with hyperbilirubinemia and could reduce the mortality and risks of poor clinical outcomes compared to PEX treatment. BA treatment should be considered as an effective treatment method for patients with higher TBil level or Dbil level.

scholarly journals Perubahan kadar hemoglobin akibat terapi kurkuminoid ekstrak rimpang kunyit dibandingkan natrium diklofenak pada penderita osteoartritis

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Nyoman Kertia ◽  
Ahmad Husain Asdie ◽  
Wasilah Rochmah ◽  
Marsetyawan Marsetyawan
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Natural Medicine ◽  
Before And After

Background: In general, patients with osteoarthritis require long live treatments, especially anti-infammatory drugs. Non steroidal anti infammatory drugs are mostly follow by some side effects such as dyspepsia and gastrointestinal bleeding. The use of natural medicine for rheumatic diseases have commonly been practiced worldwide.Objectives: To learn the changes of hemoglobin level due to treatment with curcuminoid from Curcuma domestica Val. rhizome extract compared to diclofenac sodium as anti-infammatory agent for the treatment of osteoarthritis.Methods: This research is a prospective randomized open end blinded evaluations (PROBE). Patients treated with 30 mg curcuminoid from Curcuma domestica Val. rhizome extract or 25 mg diclofenac sodium three times daily for 4 weeks respectively.The hemoglobin level was checked before and after treatment. Results: A total of 80 patients with knee osteoarthritis participated in this study. There was no signifcant difference in the frequency of sex, educational level, duration of suffering, percentage of co-morbidities in both groups. There was no signifcant different of hemoglobin level before treatment between both treatment group. The hemoglobin level was increase signifcantly in curcuminoid treatment groups while no signifcant change in diclofenac group. Treatment with curcuminoid increasing the hemoglobin level signifcantly compare to diclofenac sodium (p=0.03).Conclusion: Treatment with curcuminoid from Curcuma domestica Val. rhizome increasing the hemoglobin level signifcantly compare to diclofenac sodium treatment for osteoarthritis.

scholarly journals Tail Docking of Piglets 1: Stress Response of Piglets to Tail Docking

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Morrison ◽  
Paul Hemsworth
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Tail Docking

This experiment compared the stress responses of piglets to tail docking. Two hundred and eighty-eight piglets were allocated to the following treatments at 2 d post-farrowing: (1) sham handling treatment; (2) surgical castration; (3) tail docking using clippers; (4) tail docking using a cauterising iron. Blood samples were collected at 15 min, 30 min and 24 h post-treatment and analysed for total plasma cortisol. Behaviours indicative of pain, such as escape attempts, vocalisations and standing with head lowered were measured. Cortisol concentrations at 15 min post-treatment were higher (p < 0.001) in the tail docking and castration treatment groups than the sham handling treatment group, but at 30 min post-treatment, only the clipper and castration treatment groups had higher (p < 0.001) cortisol concentrations than the sham handling treatment. Duration of vocalisations and escape attempts were greater (p < 0.0001) during the castration treatment than the sham and tail docking treatments, but these behaviours occurred less (p < 0.05) in tail-docked piglets than those that were castrated. Piglets undergoing the tail-docked treatments and the castration treatment exhibited more behaviours indicative of pain, such as standing longer (p < 0.05) with the head lowered in the 60 min after treatment, than those in the sham handling treatment group. There were no treatment effects on cortisol concentrations and behaviour at 23–24 h post-treatment. The physiological results at 30 min post-treatment indicate that tail docking with cauterisation may be less aversive than tail docking with clippers.

Glycogenolytic effect of vasopressin in the canine liver

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley S. Bergen ◽  
Robert Sullivan ◽  
James G. Hilton ◽  
S. Waring Willis ◽  
Theodore B. Van Itallie
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Hepatic Vein ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Hepatic Veins ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Glucose Flux ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Glycogenolytic Effect

The effect of synthetic vasopressin and oxytocin upon glucose flux across the liver was studied in fasted, unanesthetized dogs. Blood samples were obtained before and after hormone administration from portal and hepatic veins and aorta by means of catheters chronically implanted in these vessels. Responses to commercial Pitressin and Pitocin also were measured. Immediately following intraportal administration of 5–60 u of vasopressin (or Pitressin) an appreciable increment of glucose appeared in the hepatic vein, reaching a peak at 10 minutes and returning to base line levels within 30 minutes. During this time, glucose concentration in the portal vein failed to increase and in some instances decreased. Administration of 10–40 u of oxytocin (or Pitocin) failed to induce any change in hepatic vein glucose concentration.

12 PROGESTERONE SUPPLEMENTATION DAY 3 TO 5 POST-OVULATION IN AI-BRED MARES

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Richard ◽  
P. Appleton ◽  
D. J. Kesler ◽  
C. E. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Ovulation Induction ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Open Control ◽  
Progesterone Supplementation ◽  
In Pregnancy

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of increasing progesterone (P4) concentrations during early pregnancy, by supplementing a low dose of Regu-Mate® (Intervet, Millsboro, DE, USA) on Days 3, 4, and 5, post-ovulation to AI mares. Sixty-three AI-bred mares were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 treatment groups. All mares underwent ovulation induction using 1.5 mg mL–1 of deslorelin acetate (IM) following observation of ≥30-mm follicles and were inseminated with either fresh (n = 57) or cooled (n = 6) semen from fertile stallions approximately 24 h later. Ovulation was verified via ultrasonography in all mares. Mares allocated to the treatment group (n = 29) received altrenogest (Regu-Mate®) orally at a rate of 15 mg per day on Days 3, 4, and 5 following ovulation (d = 0), whereas control mares (n = 34) received no treatment. Blood samples were collected from all mares from Day 0 (ovulation) through Day 6 post-ovulation via jugular venipuncture. Pregnancies were determined via ultrasonography at 18 days post-ovulation. The pregnancy rate for untreated mares (18/34, 53%) was not different (P > 0.05) from altrenogest-treated mares (13/29, 45%). There was no difference (P > 0.50) in pregnancy rates when mares were AI bred 1 (19/39, 49%) or 2 (10/20, 50%) days from ovulation. The mean plasma P4 concentration on Day 5 was higher (P < 0.06) for pregnant control mares (4.75 ± 0.59 ng mL–1) compared with open control mares (3.50 ± 0.25 ng mL–1). There was a greater increase (P < 0.02) in plasma P4 concentrations (Day 5 – Day 1 concentration) in untreated pregnant mares (3.87 ± 0.56 ng mL–1) compared with untreated open mares (2.38 ± 0.22 ng mL–1). In conclusion, it was determined that altrenogest supplementation from Day 3 to 5 post-ovulation was ineffective in improving pregnancy rates. However, it is unknown if this was the result of the dose used or the length of supplementation. Additionally, the timing of altrenogest coincided with a significant increase in P4 in pregnant mares compared with open mares, indicating that the timing may be correct or there was action of an unknown embryonic luteotropin(s), which would describe the differences between P4 concentrations in pregnant versus open mares.

scholarly journals Relationships between FSH patterns and follicular dynamics and the temporal associations among hormones in natural and GnRH-induced gonadotropin surges in heifers

Reproduction ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Haughian ◽  
O J Ginther ◽  
K Kot ◽  
M C Wiltbank
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Area Under Curve ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
Extensive Variation ◽  
Dependent Mechanism ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

Preovulatory LH and FSH surges and the subsequent periovulatory FSH surge were studied in heifers treated with a single injection of GnRH (100 μg, n = 6) or saline (n = 7). Blood samples were collected every hour from 6 h before treatment until 12 h after the largest follicle reached ≥8.5 mm (expected beginning of follicular deviation). The GnRH-induced preovulatory LH and FSH surges were higher at the peak and shorter in duration than in controls, but the area under the curve was not different between groups. The profiles of the preovulatory LH and FSH surges were similar within each treatment group, suggesting that the two surges involved a common GnRH-dependent mechanism. Concentrations of FSH in controls at the nadir before the preovulatory surge and at the beginning and end of the periovulatory surge were not significantly different among the three nadirs. A relationship between variability in the periovulatory FSH surge and number of 5.0 mm follicles was shown by lower FSH concentrations during 12–48 h after the beginning of the surge in heifers with more follicles (11.0 ± 1.0 follicles (mean±s.e.m.) n = 7) than in heifers with fewer follicles (5.7 ± 0.4, n = 6). This result was attributed to increased FSH suppression from increased numbers of follicles reaching 5.0 mm. Grouping of heifers into those with longer vs shorter intervals from a 4.5 mm to an 8.5 mm largest follicle did not disclose any relationship between length of the interval and FSH characteristics (e.g. profile of surge, area under curve, FSH concentrations at specific events). The hypothesis of a relationship between variation in the periovulatory FSH surge and variation in follicular dynamics was supported for the number of 5.0 mm follicles but not for the hour the largest follicle reached 8.5 mm. Thus, the expected time of follicle deviation was not altered by the extensive variation in the wave-stimulating FSH surge.

Weaning at birth: the effect on the reproduction of the sow

1985 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Varley ◽  
T. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Large White ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThirty-six Landrace × Large White sows were allocated at random to one of three treatment groups. Sows on treatment A (no. = 6) did not lactate at all and the piglets from these sows were removed at birth. Sows on treatment B (no. = 15) lactated for 1 day after parturition and sows on treatment C (no. = 15) acted as controls and lactated for 42 days. The reproductive performance of each treatment group was recorded and all sows were bled every 2nd day from parturition to 30 days post partum. All blood samples were assessed for oestradiol-17β and progesterone concentrations. In treatments A and B, a high proportion of anoestrous sows was seen (0·28). None of the sows in treatment C became anoestrous. The mean interval from weaning to the onset of oestrus for treatments A and B (19·0 (s.e. 6·5) days and 19·7 (s.e. 3·8) days respectively) were not significantly different, while that for treatment C (5·6 (s.e. 0·4) days) was significantly shorter (P < 0·01). The number of piglets born alive at the subsequent farrowing for treatments A, B and C respectively was 7·3 (s.e. 0·8), 9·1 (s.e. 0·8) and 10·5 (s.e. 0·67) (P < 0·05). The calculated annual sow productivity (piglets born alive per sow per year), excluding the first litter born, for treatments A, B and C respectively was 18·4, 22·8 and 22·9. Weaning at, or close to, parturition did not, therefore, influence sow productivity compared with weaning after 6 weeks of lactation.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Beet Juice and Red Guava Juice against Erythrocyte and Hematocrit Levels in Post-partum Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 821-825
Author(s):  
Cut Nurhasanah ◽  
Andri Idiana ◽  
Putri Santi ◽  
Yushida Yushida
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

BACKGROUND: Post-partum physiological bleeding can cause post-partum mothers to experience anemia; often, post-partum mothers are limited by nutrient and fluid intake to keep the body strong and have ideal body weight. AIM: The aim of the study is to knowing the difference between beet juice and Guava juice on erythrocyte and hematocrit (HTC) levels in post-partum mothers at Darul Imarah Health Center, Darul Imarah District, Aceh Besar District. METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-post test design using a randomized controlled trial. The population of post-partum mothers in the Darul Imarah Health Center, Darul Imarah District, Aceh Besar District. The sample selection is purposive sampling with inclusion and exclusion criteria; the sample is 45 people. RESULTS: The results showed differences in erythrocyte and HTC levels between before and after giving guava and iron (Fe) juices with a p-value of 0.00 <0.05. Beet juice increases the average erythrocytes and HTC levels higher than guava juice. There were significant differences in erythrocyte levels in the guava + Fe, beet + Fe, and control (Fe) treatment groups with a p-value of 0.001 <0.05. the difference in the average difference in erythrocyte levels between the guava and beet treatment groups was 0.03. The treatment group Bit + Fe had a higher mean erythrocyte level different than the guava + the treatment group and the control group (Fe). There was a significant difference in HTC levels in the guava + Fe, beet + Fe, and control (Fe) treatment groups with a p-value of 0.001 <0.05. the difference in the average difference in erythrocyte levels between the guava and beet treatment groups was 0.03. The treatment group Bit + Fe had a higher mean difference in HTC levels than the guava + the treatment group and the control group (Fe). CONCLUSION: There is a significant difference in erythrocytes and HTC levels between before and after giving guava juice and beet juice to post-partum mothers with a p-value of 0.00 <0.05. Beet juice increases the average level of erythrocytes and HTC, which is higher than guava juice in post-partum mothers at the Darul Imarah Health Center.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Exercise and Local Steroid Injections for the Thoracolumbar Junction Syndrome (The Maigne’s Syndrome) Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 467-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerem Alptekin ◽  
Nurettin Irem Örnek ◽  
Tuğba Aydın ◽  
Mirsad Alkan ◽  
Mehmet Toprak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Exercise Therapy ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Thoracolumbar Junction ◽  
Steroid Injections ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Purpose:Patients diagnosed as thoracolumbar junction syndrome were divided into 3 treatment groups and the results of each modality were compared.Materials and Method:30 Patients were included in the study with the definitive diagnosis of Maigne’s Syndrome. The first group received exercise therapy, the second group was treated with local steroid injections and the third group was the combination therapy group of both injection and exercise.Findings:30 Patients were divided into 3 groups. Each group had 10 patients. The average age of the groups was detected to be 23.43 ± 3.75. A flattening was detected in 4 patients of the first group (40%), 6 patients of the second group (60%) and 4 patients of the third group (40%) during the lumbar lordosis. While the average difference of the VAS values was (2.80) as the lowest for the injection group before and after treatment at rest, the highest value (3.30) was observed in the combined treatment group. The results shown on the Oswestry scale of the first month difference (16.10), and the third month difference (22.40) were statistically better than the other groups in the combined treatment group.Results:As a result of this study, while in all three treatment groups in the Oswestry scale, VAS scores at rest or at movement during the regular controls before and after the treatment showed statistically significant difference; the best results were obtained in the group administered to the combined injection and exercise therapy.

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