Determination of factors affecting milk yield, composition and udder morphometry of Hair and cross-bred dairy goats in a semi-intensive system

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hakan Erduran ◽  
Birol Dag
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Intensive System

Abstract In this Research Communication we report milk yield, milk composition and udder morphometry of Hair, Alpine × Hair F1 (AHF1), and Saanen × Hair F1 (SHF1) cross-bred goat genotypes managed in a semi-intensive system. The SHF1 genotype had significantly higher lactation milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, and electrical conductivity than other genotypes, whilst AHF1 was intermediate. The milk fat, protein, lactose, solids-non-fat and total solids contents as well as pH and density of the Hair goat milk were significantly higher than the corresponding values of the cross-bred genotypes. The highest correlation amongst udder characteristics and production was between lactation milk yield and udder volume (P < 0.01; r = from 0.63 to 0.77). The results of this study suggest that crossbreeding can have a positive effect on the milk production characteristics of local goats, thereby reducing the pressure on the ecosystem, and suggest that udder measurements, especially volume, can be a helpful tool for estimating milk yield.

scholarly journals Factors affecting goat milk fat yield

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evaldas Šlyžius ◽  
Birutė Šlyžienė ◽  
Vaida Lindžiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Goat Population ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Fat Yield

The objective of the paper was to investigate the main factors determining the yield of fat in goat milk in the dairy goat population of Lithuania. The research was carried out on a total of 1,079 dairy goats (4 breeds: Czech White Shorthaired (n = 610), Saanen (n = 364), Lithuanian native (n = 94) and Anglo-Nubian (11)) in 7 dairy farms. The average milk yield during lactation was 797.42 (±53.3) kg. The average milk fat content was 4.14% (±0.4). The research of the goat milk fat content demonstrated that the indicators investigated in different herds varied. The highest milk fat content in percent was determined among AngloNubian – 5.2%. The milk fat content of all breeds of goats increased with increasing the parity up to the 4–6th parity, respectively, and started decreasing then, after reaching the peak. While assessing the quantity of milk fat during the stage of lactation, the highest milk fat content was determined during the first months (4.5–4.7%) and at the end of lactation (4.5%). The research performed by us showed that such factors as breed, parity, stage of lactation and herd had an impact on the quantity of goat milk fat.

scholarly journals Factors affecting goat milk yield and its composition

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 465-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ciappesoni ◽  
JPřibyl ◽  
M. Milerski ◽  
V. Mareš
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Daily Milk

The aim of the paper was to prove the accuracy of various statistical models of vari&shy;ance analysis for estimation of systematic factors that influence milk yield and fat and protein content in dairy goats. Data on daily milk production recorded by methods AT, AC or A4 for the population of Czech White Shorthaired Goats over 1992&ndash;2002 was used for calculations. A total of 78 736 test day from 6 234 goats were analysed. Average daily milk production was 3.09 kg with 3.72% of fat and 2.84% of protein. Variability of examined traits was significantly influenced by effects of herd-year or herd-test day, litter size, parity, season of kidding, stage of lactation and the combined effect parity-year-season of kidding. The variants of model equations in which complex effects of herd-year were replaced by effects of herd-test day showed higher values of reliability for the three traits analysed. &nbsp;

scholarly journals The influence of number of lactation on milk yield parameters in German fawn goats

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1469-1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Krajinovic ◽  
I. Pihler ◽  
V. Simin ◽  
A. Jocic ◽  
S. Nicin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
The Third ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Growing Conditions

Goat breeding is one of the least developed agricultural sectors in Serbia. This is reflected in the fact that the total number of goats in Serbia is less than 200,000, as well as the fact that no goat milk production has been recorded by the statistics. Over the last decade, there has been great interest of breeders for intensive breeding of highly productive goats, which resulted in imports of breeding goats. In the same period, several herds of the Alpine breed and German fawn goats were formed, while their production results in the growing conditions in our country have not been fully studied yet. During the first three lactations in the period 2003-2009, the following parameters of milk yield were studied: length of lactation, milk yield in one lactation, percentage and the milk fat yield, and percentage and the total protein yield. The average lactation period was 247 days for the first, 260.6 days for the second and 266.8 days for the third lactation. The average of milk yielded was constantly increasing from the first (594.51 kg) towards the third lactation (761.96 kg), showing statistically highly significant differences (P<0,001). What was also observed is that the order of lactation has not significantly affected the percentage of proteins in milk, whereas the total protein yield in lactations was influenced by the order of lactation due to the differences in average milk yield in lactations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Different Test-Day Milk Recording Protocols by Wood’s Model Application for the Estimation of Dairy Goat Milk and Milk Constituent Yield

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1058
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Landi ◽  
Aristide Maggiolino ◽  
Angela Salzano ◽  
Salvatore Claps ◽  
Pasquale De Palo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Fitting In ◽  
Wood Model

Goats have important social and economic roles in many countries because of their ability to survive and be productive in marginal areas. The overarching aim of this study was to compare the application of Wood’s model to different test-day milk recording protocols for estimation of total milk, fat, and protein yield in dairy goats. A total of 465 goats were used (Garganica, 78; Girgentana, 81; Jonica, 76; Maltese, 77; Red Mediterranean, 76; Saanen, 77). Milk yield was recorded every 15 days throughout lactation of 210 days, for a total of 14 collection days, during both morning and afternoon milking sessions. Milk samples were collected and analyzed for protein and fat. The fat-corrected milk was standardized at 35g fat/kg of milk. Wood models showed high R2 values, and thus good fitting, in all the considered breeds. Wood model applied to first, second, fourth, and sixth month recordings (C) and ICAR estimation showed total milk yield very close to Wood’s model applied to all 14 recordings (A) (p > 0.38). Differently, Wood’s model applied to the first, second, third, and fourth month recording (B) estimation showed great differences (p < 0.01). This could be applied for farms that had the necessity to synchronize flock groups for kidding in order to produce kid meat. In farms that apply the estrus induction and/or synchronization for kidding, it would be possible to perform only four test-day milk recordings and to apply the Wood’s model on them in order to obtain the estimation of total milk, fat, and protein yield during lactation for animals inscribed, or to be inscribed, to the genealogical book.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Milk Production and Milk Composition at Different Stages of Saanen Dairy Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1S) ◽  
pp. 204-211
Author(s):  
Noor Syaheera Ibrahim ◽  
Farida Hani Ahmad Tajuddin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Food Regulation ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stage Of Lactation

Milk is an important elements due to its high nutritious and balanced in human diet. In Asian, goat milk is the most consumed because of the unique taste, more nutritious than cow milk. However, milk production and composition values differ at every stage of lactation in goats. Thus, determining the highest milk production and producing the best quality goat milk is essential to satisfy the local market demands. The objective of the present study is to determine the milk yield and milk composition at different lactation stages and to evaluate the lactation curves in Saanen goats. The lactation stages can be categorized into three, early (less than 80 days), mid (80 – 140 days) and late (over 140 days) days in milk (DIM). In total, 90 milk samples were collected from 15 goats representing early (n=5), mid (n=5), and late (n=5) stages of lactation. The Saanen goats were raised under the same conditions, and milking was done early in the morning (9.00am).The milk yield from Saanen goats were collected and measured weekly at each stage of lactation. Milk samples were analyzed for fat, protein, solid non-fat, and lactose. Current result illustrated, there were significant different (p ˂ 0.05) among three stages of lactation in milk yield, solid non-fat, fat, protein and lactose. In terms of food regulation, the Saanen goats almost fully met the standard requirements for milk production and composition. In addition, this study also observes the lactation curves in Saanen goats and analyse the curve shapes and patterns. The average milk yields from three different stages develops a concave downward curve. The results indicated that mid yield increased from early to mid- lactation and decreased thereafter until the end of lactation.

scholarly journals Oxidative stability and quality of raw Saanen and Alpine goats milk

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-646
Author(s):  
T. S. Marenjak ◽  
N. Poljičak-Milas ◽  
J. Piršljin ◽  
B. B. Ljubić ◽  
S. Milinković Tur
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Enzyme Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Oxidative Products

Abstract. The milk composition and concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in fresh and refrigerated raw goat milk of Saanen and Alpine breed at the breeding period were investigated. Low average milk fat, SNF and lactose content were determined in both breeds with no significant differences between breeds regarding the milk yield and milk composition. The significantly higher somatic cell count (SCC) was detected in Saanen goats. The SOD activity and TBARS concentration were significantly higher 14 h after the collection and cold storage in both breeds of dairy goats with no difference between the breeds. In the Alpine goats the TBARS concentration was negatively correlated with urea concentration, and in the milk of the Saanen goats the TBARS was positively correlated with proteins and SCC. The higher SCC in the Saanen goats may have caused higher production of secondary oxidative products catalysed by the enzyme superoxide dismutase from polymorphonuclear granulocytes present in the udder, or by some other enzymes that participate in oxidation of the milk constituents. The energy shortage and protein surplus in the diet of the dairy goats may have induced the higher degree of lipid mobilisation and a consequent increase of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that are easily prone to oxidation and formation of the secondary oxidative products.

scholarly journals Dairy productivity of the Swiss breed procensor of different genotypes in Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 04035
Author(s):  
M Ashirov ◽  
U Soatov ◽  
B Ashirov ◽  
KH Donaev
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Yield Coefficient ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Productivity Potential ◽  
Production Coefficient ◽  
Positive Effect

Studies have shown that the breeding cattle of the Swiss breed of different genotypes used in the selection in Uzbekistan are characterized by high breeding value. The cows obtained from them are distinguished by high milk productivity and fat-milk content, a high milk production coefficient, indicating a pronounced milk type. Cattle of Austrian breeding are characterized by a higher productivity potential. In some cattle cows, the milk yield by 191.3–417.1 kg, the milk yield of 4% milk by 212.6–472.6 kg, the milk yield coefficient by 26.1–45.8 kg exceeds the corresponding indicators of the cows of other cattle. The calves of the cattle nick-named Karan, Koster, Emil and Jordan had milk yield at 1,174.8, 1,219.4; 935.0 and 1,010.4 kg respectively; milk fat yield by 52.9; 55.3; 45.3, and 49.9 kg are higher than the requirements of the republican standard of the Swiss breed. Studies have confirmed that the use of semen from cattle -producers of the Swiss breed in breeding herds, regardless of origin, has a positive effect on the improvement of the main selection characteristics of cows of the Swiss breed of Uzbekistan.

STAGE OF LACTATION EFFECTS, REPEATABILITIES AND INFLUENCES ON WEANING WEIGHTS OF YIELD AND COMPOSITION OF MILK IN BEEF CATTLE

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. MONDRAGON ◽  
J. W. WILTON ◽  
O. B. ALLEN ◽  
H. SONG
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Breed Group ◽  
Variation Explained ◽  
Positive Effect

Yield and composition of milk was measured on 270 cows with up to three parities each. Several combinations of breeds were included with all first parity females nursing Angus-sired calves and second and third parity females nursing Simmental-sired calves. Milk yields and compositions were obtained at 6, 14 and 22 wk postcalving. Yields were measured by both calf-nursing and machine-milking techniques. Milk yields were similar throughout lactation in first parity but declined over stages of lactation in parities two and three. No interactions between breed group of cow and stage of lactation were found. Milk fat percentages were found to be highest in early lactation, while protein percentages increased during lactation and lactose percentages remained constant. Milk yields increased from first to second parity, but were similar for second and third parities. Composition of milk was similar in all parities. Cows classified as being of dairy breeding had the highest milk yields, Jersey crosses were intermediate, while Charolais, British breeds and their crosses were lower and similar in milk yield. Jersey crosses were highest in milk fat percentage. Milk yield estimates were higher for the calf-nursing method than for the machine-milking method. Estimated repeatabilities of total milk yield, milk fat percent, milk protein percent and milk lactose percent were 0.40, 0.36, 0.58 and 0.52, respectively. Milk yields had a significant positive effect on weaning weights of calves. The inclusion of either milk fat percent or milk protein percent as covariates did not increase the percent of variation explained in weaning weights. Key words: Milk yield, beef weaning weights, milk composition, repeatabilities

Milk processing quality of suckled/milked goats: effects of milk accumulation interval and milking regime

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Högberg ◽  
K. Dahlborn ◽  
E. Hydbring-Sandberg ◽  
E. Hartmann ◽  
A. Andrén
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Swedish Dairy ◽  
Processing Properties ◽  
Accumulation Interval

Milk with a high concentration of fat and casein is required for cheese production, and these components have a major impact for both quality and yield of the curd. Recent observations have shown that suckling can elevate milk fat concentration in goats and our aim was therefore to check the hypothesis that animal welfare and cheese-processing properties of goat milk could be optimised by appropriate management of suckled/milked goats. Twelve Swedish dairy goats were kept together with one kid each in 4 different mixed management-systems (milking combined with partial suckling) in a cross-over design. Two milk accumulation intervals were tested; Short = dams and kids were together for 16 h (T16) and Long = ; dams and kids were together for 8 h (T8 h). In addition, two milking regimes were used; Suckled Before Milking = S and Milked Before Suckling = M. Milk accumulation interval referred to how long dams and kids were separated. The milk yield available for processing (milk offtake), was weighed and analysed from each milking occasion and the suckled milk yield was estimated by a weigh-suckle-weigh method (WSW) in combination with observing the suckling behaviour during the free suckling periods. Milking managements, such as ‘suckling before milking (S)’, increased milk fat concentration compared to milking before suckling (M) and ‘Short accumulation treatments (T16)’ gave higher milk fat, casein concentration and individual curd yield (%) compared to the ‘Long accumulation treatment (T8)’. The total individual curd yield (g) was the same despite treatment, but the animal welfare was most likely higher in T16 where dams and kids spent more time together.

Additive and dominance effects of the αs1-casein locus on milk yield and composition traits in dairy goats

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicitas Vázquez-Flores ◽  
Hugo H Montaldo ◽  
José A Torres-Vázquez ◽  
Rogelio A Alonso-Morales ◽  
Amanda Gayosso-Vázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Positive Effect

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the CSN1S1 locus polymorphism on 305-d records of milk, fat, protein, lactose and total solids yields, fat, protein, lactose and total solids contents in Mexican dairy goats. A total of 514 lactation records belonging to Alpine (n=60), Saanen (n=105) and Toggenburg (n=74) goats, born from 2003 to 2006 in three herds were used. Discrimination between alleles E, F, N, A* (CSN1S1 A, G, H, I, O1 and O2) and B* (CSN1S1 B1, B2, B3, B4, C and L) were made by amplification of fragments of the gene CSN1S1 and digestion with the restriction endonuclease XmnI. In order to estimate additive and dominance effects, data sets including (1) all genotypes, and (2) only homozygote genotypes, were analysed using linear mixed models. The allele A*, had significant additive effects for protein content (0·21±0·07%;P=0·002) and total solids content (0·66±0·23%;P=0·005) when compared with allele F. An unfavourable additive effect of allele A* on milk yield was found in the Alpine breed (−81·4±40·2;P=0·046) when compared with allele F. Favourable dominance effects were found for some genotypes (P<0·05) for milk yield (A*N and B*N), fat yield (A*N and B*E), protein yield (A*N and B*E), lactose yield (A*N) and total solids yield (A*N). Also, unfavourable dominance effects were found (P<0·05) for protein content (A*B* and A*N) and total solids content (A*B*, A*N, and A*F). Allele A* was the only one with a positive effect for protein content. Significant allele-year interaction effects were also observed. The presence of significant dominance effects, estimated between specific pairs of alleles, challenged the purely additive nature of the genetic effect at the CSN1S1 locus. Implications from use of CSN1S1 effects in goat breeding programmes are presented.

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