scholarly journals Titration of the virus of foot-and-mouth disease in culture

1954 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Brooksby ◽  
Ella Wardle
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Virus Multiplication ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Foot And Mouth

A technique is presented for the titration of the virus of foot-and-mouth disease in culture in surviving epithelial tissue from the tongues of cattle. The cultures are incubated in cups on Perspex plates, and the detection of virus multiplication is by a complement-fixation test made on the culture in each cup.On the basis of comparative titrations in culture and in cattle, the method has been found to be as sensitive for the detection of virus as the titration by intradermal inoculation of the tongue of cattle. The method can also be applied in the detection of antibody in neutralization tests.We wish to record our thanks to Messrs E. Scoates and P. Mitchell for their technical assistance, and to Messrs H. M. Smith, R. H. Compton and R. L. Jackson for their part in the design and fabrication of various bottle rotators, plate shakers, Perspex lids and the inoculating box.

scholarly journals The use of culture virus in the preparation of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine

1953 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Henderson ◽  
Ian A. Galloway
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Culture Passage ◽  
Virus Content ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
High Virus ◽  
Virus Strains ◽  
Culture Virus

In three cattle vaccination experiments, with three strains of the virus of foot-and-mouth disease, it was shown that virus passaged in culture in cattle tongue epithelial tissue was as effective an antigen as virus passaged in cattle.With two virus strains, the virus content of the culture at the peak of infectivity was about the same as that of vesicle epithelium from the tongues of reacting cattle. Variable and less satisfactory results were obtained with the third strain, but one culture passage yielded tissue of sufficiently high virus content for the preparation of vaccine of adequate potency.No modification in the antigenic behaviour of the strains was detected as a result of passage in culture.It is a pleasure to acknowledge the technical assistance given by Mr W. J. Brownsea.

scholarly journals Differential diagnosis of vesicular stomatitis and foot-and-mouth disease. Examination of virus samples from Mexico with special reference to complement fixation

1949 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Brooksby
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis

The usefulness of the complement-fixation test in differential diagnosis between vesicular stomatitis and foot-and-mouth disease has been demonstrated on two ‘field’ specimens of virus from Mexico. Examples are given of the practical applications of the other methods for this differential diagnosis.

scholarly journals A complement fixation technique for the quantitative measurement of antigenic differences between strains of the virus of foot-and-mouth disease

1964 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Davie
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Heterologous Antigen ◽  
Animal Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Virus Research ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Virus Strains

1. A complement fixation test has been developed to measure the minor antigenic differences which occur between strains of the virus of foot-and-mouth disease of the same immunological type.2. Strain-specific sera were prepared from each of the virus strains examined and then titrated with each of the antigens.3. The amounts of complement fixed in each reaction were measured in the region of maximal fixation where the antigen and antibody were present in optimal proportions.4. Heterologous antigen-antibody reactions were compared with the homologous reaction in each test and expressed as cross-fixation ratios.5. Pairs of antigens could then be compared by taking the product of their cross-fixation ratios one with the other. The values of cross-fixation product so obtained ranged from 1·0 between identical strains to 0·01 between strains of different immunological type.6. Strains of virus which exhibit cross-fixation products of 0·5 or more with one another have been classified within subtype groups.I wish to acknowledge the guidance and encouragement of Dr J. B. Brooksby, Director of the Animal Virus Research Institute, Pirbright, and the technical assistance of Mr E. Scoates.

scholarly journals Vesicular stomatitis and foot-and-mouth disease: analysis of mixed infection in cattle

1952 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Brooksby
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Cross Immunity ◽  
Disease Analysis

1. It has been found possible to detect traces of the virus of foot-and-mouth disease in mixtures of this virus and that of vesicular stomatitis by cross-immunity tests in cattle. A quantity of the virus of foot-and-mouth disease as small as 1·3 I.D. 50 was revealed by the inoculation of such mixtures into cattle immune to vesicular stomatitis.2. It is suggested that such a method would be useful in the analysis of possible mixed infections in field outbreaks.3. The usefulness of complement-fixation tests to confirm the resolution of mixtures has been demonstrated.The author wishes to thank the Director of this Institute, Dr I. A. Galloway, for his advice and encouragement. The technical assistance of Messrs E. Scoates and P. M. Mitchell is also gratefully acknowledged.

scholarly journals A non-specific complement-fixing system in foot-and-mouth disease and experiments on the absorption of heterologous antibody from serum

1956 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Brooksby ◽  
S. Erichsen
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Heterologous Antibody

Stored mixtures of the virus and corresponding antisera in foot-and-mouth disease have equal complement-fixing activity whether they are prepared from virus and serum of homologous or heterologous types. On ultracentrifugation the complement-fixing activity is removed from the mixture and the remaining antibody is more sharply type-specific in routine complement-fixation tests than the original serum.

scholarly journals In vitro comparison of foot-and-mouth disease virus subtype variants causing disease in vaccinated cattle

1978 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Anderson ◽  
W. J. Doughty ◽  
J. Anderson ◽  
D. Baber
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Radial Immunodiffusion ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

SummaryFoot-and-mouth disease virus isolates of types O, A and SAT 2, from diseased animals in herds routinely vaccinated twice a year were compared antigenically with the vaccine strains in the complement-fixation, neutralization and radial immunodiffusion tests. It was found that strains which had readily infected vaccinated cattle had R values against the vaccine strain in the complement- fixation and radial immunodiffusion tests of 30 or less, while strains causing primary outbreaks with little spread had R values of 30–40. Threefold differences in humoral neutralizing antibody concentration between the field variant and the vaccine strain in sera from vaccinated animals were likely to be significant in terms of protection.

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