Evaluation of irradiated salivary gland function in patients with head and neck tumours treated with radiotherapy

2008 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Baharudin ◽  
A Khairuddin ◽  
A Nizam ◽  
A R Samsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Head And Neck Tumours ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Neck Tumour ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypofunction ◽  
Gland Function

AbstractIntroduction:Radiotherapy is an important treatment modality for head and neck tumours. One of its major drawbacks is post-treatment salivary gland hypofunction. This study was performed to objectively evaluate the salivary gland function in post-irradiated head and neck tumour patients.Methods:We performed a cross-sectional study of 30 patients with head and neck tumours who had received radiotherapy. Unstimulated and stimulated whole salivary flow rates were assessed in these 30 patients, and compared with those of 30 normal subjects. Unstimulated whole saliva was measured by the draining method, while the spitting method was used to collect stimulated whole saliva.Results:Both unstimulated and stimulated whole salivary flow rates were significantly reduced in the irradiated patients, compared with the normal subjects. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.0001).Conclusion:Salivary function in post-irradiated head and neck tumour patients (assessed as salivary flow rates) was significantly reduced compared with normal controls, suggesting marked salivary gland hypofunction.

scholarly journals Older age, smoking, tooth loss and denture-wearing but neither xerostomia nor salivary gland hypofunction are associated with low intakes of fruit and vegetables in older Danish adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Marie Lynge Pedersen ◽  
Anja Weirsøe Dynesen ◽  
Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypofunction

Abstract Xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction are prevalent conditions in older people and may adversely influence the intake of certain foods, notably fruit and vegetables. Here, we aimed to investigate whether xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction were associated with a lower intake of fruit and vegetables. The study included 621 community-dwelling adults, mean age 75⋅2 ± 6⋅4 years, 58⋅9 % female, who had participated in the Copenhagen City Heart Study follow-up, and undergone interviews regarding food intake (preceding month), oral and general health (xerostomia, taste alterations, diseases, medication, alcohol consumption and smoking), clinical oral examination and measurements of unstimulated and chewing-stimulated whole saliva flow rates. The average total energy intake (8⋅4 ± 2⋅7 MJ) and protein energy percentage (14⋅8 ± 3⋅1 %) were slightly below recommendations. The average fruit (234⋅7 ± 201⋅2 g/d) and vegetables (317⋅3 ± 157⋅4 g/d) intakes were within recommendations. Xerostomia and hyposalivation were more prevalent in women than in men (16⋅4 v. 7⋅1 %, P < 0⋅001 and 40⋅7 v. 27⋅5 %, P < 0⋅001). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that older age (β −0⋅009, se 0⋅003, P = 0⋅005), smoking (β −0⋅212, se 0⋅060, P = 0⋅0005) and wearing complete dentures/being partially or fully edentulous (β −0⋅141, se 0⋅048, P = 0⋅003), but neither xerostomia nor salivary flow rates were associated with an inadequate fruit and vegetable intake, after adjustment for covariates. Older age, smoking, tooth loss and denture-wearing were stronger determinants of low fruit and vegetable intakes than xerostomia and salivary hypofunction supporting the importance of dietary counselling and maintenance of oral health and an adequate masticatory performance.

Salivary Gland Hypofunction and Xerostomia in Head and Neck Radiation Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (53) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siri Beier Jensen ◽  
Arjan Vissink ◽  
Kirsten H Limesand ◽  
Mary E Reyland
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Radiation Injury ◽  
Salivary Gland Tissue ◽  
Gland Tissue ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypofunction ◽  
Gland Function

AbstractBackgroundThe most manifest long-term consequences of radiation therapy in the head and neck cancer patient are salivary gland hypofunction and a sensation of oral dryness (xerostomia).MethodsThis critical review addresses the consequences of radiation injury to salivary gland tissue, the clinical management of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia, and current and potential strategies to prevent or reduce radiation injury to salivary gland tissue or restore the function of radiation-injured salivary gland tissue.ResultsSalivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia have severe implications for oral functioning, maintenance of oral and general health, and quality of life. Significant progress has been made to spare salivary gland function chiefly due to advances in radiation techniques. Other strategies have also been developed, e.g., radioprotectors, identification and preservation/expansion of salivary stem cells by stimulation with cholinergic muscarinic agonists, and application of new lubricating or stimulatory agents, surgical transfer of submandibular glands, and acupuncture.ConclusionMany advances to manage salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by radiation therapy still only offer partial protection since they are often of short duration, lack the protective effects of saliva, or potentially have significant adverse effects. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and its next step, proton therapy, have the greatest potential as a management strategy for permanently preserving salivary gland function in head and neck cancer patients.Presently, gene transfer to supplement fluid formation and stem cell transfer to increase the regenerative potential in radiation-damaged salivary glands are promising approaches for regaining function and/or regeneration of radiation-damaged salivary gland tissue.

scholarly journals Choline Acetyltransferase Induces the Functional Regeneration of the Salivary Gland in Aging SAMP1/Kl -/- Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Nguyen Khanh Toan ◽  
Nguyen Chi Tai ◽  
Soo-A Kim ◽  
Sang-Gun Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Choline Acetyltransferase ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Saliva Secretion ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
The Impact

Salivary gland dysfunction induces salivary flow reduction and a dry mouth, and commonly involves oral dysfunction, tooth structure deterioration, and infection through reduced salivation. This study aimed to investigate the impact of aging on the salivary gland by a metabolomics approach in an extensive aging mouse model, SAMP1/Klotho -/- mice. We found that the salivary secretion of SAMP1/Klotho -/- mice was dramatically decreased compared with that of SAMP1/Klotho WT (+/+) mice. Metabolomics profiling analysis showed that the level of acetylcholine was significantly decreased in SAMP1/Klotho -/- mice, although the corresponding levels of acetylcholine precursors, acetyl-CoA and choline, increased. Interestingly, the mRNA and protein expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), which is responsible for catalyzing acetylcholine synthesis, was significantly decreased in SAMP1/Klotho -/- mice. The overexpression of ChAT induced the expression of salivary gland functional markers (α–amylase, ZO-1, and Aqua5) in primary cultured salivary gland cells from SAMP1/Klotho +/+ and -/- mice. In an in vivo study, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-ChAT transduction significantly increased saliva secretion compared with the control in SAMP1/Klotho -/- mice. These results suggest that the dysfunction in acetylcholine biosynthesis induced by ChAT reduction may cause impaired salivary gland function

Salivary gland diseases

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Robinson ◽  
Keith Hunter ◽  
Michael Pemberton ◽  
Philip Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Minor Salivary Glands ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Endocrine Disturbances ◽  
Systemic Factors ◽  
Gland Function

The salivary glands consist of three paired major glands—parotid, sub­mandibular, and sublingual—and the countless minor salivary glands found in almost every part of the oral cavity, except the gingiva and anterior regions of the hard palate. The secretion of saliva is essential for the normal function and health of the mouth, and disorders of salivary gland function predispose to oral disease. Functional disorders in salivary secretion may be associated with primary salivary gland disease but in other cases are a consequence of systemic factors, such as medi­cations, endocrine disturbances, and neurological disease, which are discussed in Chapter 10. Developmental anomalies of the salivary glands are rare. Aplasia of one or more major glands and atresia of one or more major salivary gland ducts have been reported. Congenital aplasia of the parotid gland may be associated with other facial abnormalities, e.g. ectodermal dysplasia, mandibulofacial dysostosis, and hemifacial microsomia. Heterotopic salivary tissue has been reported from a variety of sites in the head and neck region, the most frequent being its inclusion at the angle, or within the body, of the mandible, called a Stafne bone cavity. It is usually an incidental radiological finding and appears as a round or oval, well-demarcated radiolucency between the premolar region and angle of the jaw, and is typically located beneath the inferior dental canal. The radiographic appearances are due to a saucer-shaped depression or concavity of varying depth on the lingual aspect of the mandible, which contains salivary tissue in continuity with the submandibular gland. Accessory parotid tissue within the cheek or masseter muscle is rela­tively common and is subject to the same diseases that may affect the main gland. Age changes can be detected in both major and minor salivary glands. Reduction in the weights of submandibular and parotid glands has been reported with increasing age, associated in the submandibular gland with an age-dependent reduction in flow rates. By contrast, sev­eral studies have demonstrated that there is no significant reduction in parotid flow rates in the elderly.

11C-methionine PET, a novel method for measuring regional salivary gland function after radiotherapy of head and neck cancer

2004 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Buus ◽  
Cai Grau ◽  
Ole Lajord Munk ◽  
Dirk Bender ◽  
Kenneth Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Salivary Gland Function ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Gland Function

Impact of submandibular gland excision on salivary gland function in head and neck cancer patients

Oral Oncology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C. Jaguar ◽  
E.N.P. Lima ◽  
L.P. Kowalski ◽  
A.C. Pellizon ◽  
A.L. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Salivary Gland Function ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Submandibular Gland Excision

scholarly journals Salivary Gland Dysfunction in Stroke Patients Is Associated with Increased Protein Glycoxidation and Nitrosative Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Mateusz Maciejczyk ◽  
Piotr Gerreth ◽  
Anna Zalewska ◽  
Katarzyna Hojan ◽  
Karolina Gerreth
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Protein Glycation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Saliva Secretion ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypofunction

Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. Despite intensive medical care, many of the complaints directly threatening the patient’s life marginalize their dental needs after the stroke. Recent studies indicate reduced saliva secretion in stroke patients in addition to the increased incidence of caries and periodontal disease. Since oxidative stress plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of salivary gland hypofunction and neurodegenerative disorders (including stroke), this is the first to evaluate the relationship between salivary gland activity and protein glycoxidation and nitrosative damage. The content of glycation and protein oxidation products and nitrosative stress was assessed in nonstimulated (NWS) and stimulated (SWS) whole saliva of stroke patients with normal salivary secretion and hyposalivation (reduced saliva production). The study included 30 patients in the stroke’s subacute phase and 30 healthy controls matched by age and sex. We have shown that stroke patients with hyposalivation show increased contents of protein glycation (↑Amadori products and ↑advanced glycation end products), glycoxidation (↑dityrosine), and nitration (↑nitrotyrosine) products compared to stroke cases with normal salivary secretion and control group. Interestingly, higher oxidative/nitrosative stress was found in NWS, which strongly correlates with salivary flow rate, total protein content, and salivary amylase activity. Such relationships were not observed in the control group. Summarizing, oxidative and nitrosative stress may be one of the mechanisms responsible for the impairment of saliva secretion in stroke patients. However, extraglandular sources of salivary oxidative stress in stroke patients cannot be excluded. Further studies to assess salivary gland hypofunction in stroke cases are necessary.

Electrical Stimulation of Salivary Flow in Patients with Sjögren's Syndrome

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1334-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Steller ◽  
L. Chou ◽  
T.E. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Sjögren's Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Sjogren's Syndrome ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Active Devices ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Saliva Flow ◽  
Sjögren‘S Syndrome

Patients with the salivary component of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) develop chronic xerostomia, which causes oral symptoms and functional impairment in approximate proportion to its severity. The purpose of this double-blind study was to determine whether an electrical stimulus applied to the tongue and hard palate by a battery-operated device (SAL II, Biosonics, Inc.) could stimulate salivary flow in subjects with generally severe SS. Twenty-nine patients with the salivary component of SS (diagnosed as the presence of focal chronic sialadenitis in a labial salivary gland biopsy specimen with a focus score of > 1 focus/4 mm2) were randomly assigned active or placebo devices, which they used for three minutes, three times a day for four weeks. Whole saliva flow rates were measured at weeks 0, 2, and 4 by collection of whole saliva both before and after stimulation with the device. Twenty-four subjects completed the study. The change in mean post-stimulation flow rate from week 0 to week 4 was greater for the 13 subjects using an active device (0.08 ± S.D. 0.08 gl2 min, to 0.24 ± 0.33 gl2 min) than for the 11 subjects using a placebo device (0.11 ± 0.15 gl2 min, to 0.08 ± 0.18 gl2 min) (p = 0.04). However, the magnitude of the mean difference was small, because three subjects using active devices responded and others did not. Only five subjects, all using active devices, reported a subjective increase in the amount of their saliva. The results of this study indicate that some SS patients with residual salivary flow show a significant response to electrical stimulation, but others with low or absent whole saliva flow rates do not respond.

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