United States National Committee of the International Union of the History and Philosophy of Science

Abstract Objective.—To assess the performance of clinical microbiology laboratories in the United States when conducting in vitro susceptibility tests with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Methods.—The results of a nationwide College of American Pathologists Proficiency Survey test sample, in which susceptibility testing of an isolate of S pneumoniae was performed, were assessed with respect to precision and accuracy. Results.—Wide variability was noted among participating laboratories with both minimum inhibitory concentration procedures and disk diffusion susceptibility tests when both methods were applied to S pneumoniae. Despite this high degree of variation, categorical interpretive errors were uncommon. Numerous laboratories reported results for antimicrobial agents that are not recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards for tests with S pneumoniae. Conclusions.—Current susceptibility testing practices with S pneumoniae in the United States indicate limited precision and a tendency for laboratories to test and report results obtained with antimicrobial agents of questionable therapeutic value against this organism. Continued efforts to standardize susceptibility testing of S pneumoniae in the United States are warranted. In addition, modifications of existing interpretive criteria may be necessary.

Download Full-text

Division of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science and Technology of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science and Technology Bulletin No. 22

Mathematical Logic Quarterly ◽

10.1002/malq.201590003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (6) ◽

pp. 383-398

Keyword(s):

Philosophy Of Science ◽

Science And Technology ◽

International Union

Download Full-text

Address By Sir Frank Dyson, Astronomer Royal of England

Transactions of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0251107x00012700 ◽

1925 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 152-153

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Good Deal ◽

The United States ◽

International Union ◽

Long Time

If I may say a word as a professional astronomer who has attended many international conferences, in that way I may give you an idea of the value which arises from these conferences. The International Union which is now meeting is, of course, a successor of two Unions which were broken up by the war: the Solar Union, and the Union which had to do with the photography of the heavens. Both of these Unions, I think, led to a good deal of service to astronomy. It has been my privilege to attend six conferences; in Paris, one in the United States which began in Massachusetts and finished in California; one in Oxford, one at Bonn, one in Brussels,and one in Rome. If one puts together what has been done in these conferences, it would really take a long time; but I may mention one or two things. The whole scheme for the photography of the heavens was developed and arranged among the different countries at various meetings in Paris.

Download Full-text

Activity of Albanian emigration in the West towards the issue of Kosovo and Metohija (1945-1969)

Зборник радова Филозофског факултета у Приштини ◽

10.5937/zrffp51-26886 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 237-255

Author(s):

Igor Vukadinović

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Western Europe ◽

The United States ◽

Second World War ◽

Communist Regime ◽

National Committee ◽

The West ◽

Health Institutions ◽

The 1960S ◽

Second World

After the Second World War, a large number of members of the fascist regime of the Kingdom of Albania found refuge in Italy, Turkey and the countries of Western Europe, where they continued to politically act. The leading political options in exile - Balli Kombetar, Zogists and pro-Italian National Independent Bloc, decided to cooperate with each other, so they have formed the Albanian National Committee in 1946. The turning point for the Albanian extreme emigration in the West is Operation Valuable, by which the United States and Great Britain sought to overthrow the Communist regime of Enver Hoxha in Albania. Although the operation failed, strong ties were forged between US and British intelligence and Albanian nacionalist emigration, which were further intensified in the 1960s. Xhafer Deva, who was dedicated to act on the annexation of Kosovo and Metohija to Albania, immigrated to the United States in 1956 and established cooperation with the CIA. Albanian emigration in the West applied different methods in politics towards Kosovo and Metohija. Some organizations, such as Xhafer Deva's Third Prizren League, have focused on lobbying Western intelligence. The Bali Kombetar Independent, headquatered in Rome, paid particular attention to working with Albanian high school and student youth in Kosovo and Metohija. The Alliance of Kosovo, formed in 1949, was engaged in subtle methods of involving Albanian nationalists in Yugoslav state structures, the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav People's Army, and educational and health institutions in Kosovo and Metohija. Albanian emigration was also involved in violent demonstrations in Kosovo and Metohija in 1968, and cooperated on this issue with the Communist regime of Enver Hoxha in Albania.

Download Full-text

Medical Management of Atherosclerotic Risk Factors in Vascular Surgery Patients

10.2310/vasc.3008 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Jayer Chung

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Vascular Surgery ◽

Medical Management ◽

Antiplatelet Agents ◽

The United States ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

National Committee ◽

Atherosclerotic Risk Factors

There is an epidemic of cardiovascular disease in the United States, which is responsible for approximately one death every 40 seconds in the United States. Whereas the overall mortality attributable to cardiovascular disease is decreasing, the overall prevalence of atherosclerotic risk factors is increasing. Optimal management of atherosclerotic risk factors can have profound effects on morbidity and mortality after vascular surgical procedures. This review covers risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis; the evaluation of patients with vascular disease; management of tobacco abuse, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and antiplatelet agents; and perioperative medical management concerns in vascular surgery. Tables highlight investigational biomarkers for atherosclerosis, behavioral modification recommendations to be used to improve smoking cessation, Eighth Joint National Committee guidelines for blood pressure management, definitions of high- and moderate-intensity statin therapy, and potential future areas of research. Algorithms lay out the effects of cigarette smoke, the proposed mechanism of statin pleiotropy as it pertains to the vasculature, and the proposed mechanisms of the role of hyperglycemia in atherogenesis. This review contains 3 figures, 6 tables, and 79 references.

Download Full-text