Photobiont flexibility in the lichen Protoparmeliopsis muralis as revealed by ITS rDNA analyses

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata GUZOW-KRZEMIŃSKA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Its Rdna ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
The World

The genetic diversity of photobionts in the lichen Protoparmeliopsis muralis was examined to determine the identity of the photobiont and the level of selectivity for the photobiont by the mycobiont. Forty ITS rDNA sequences of photobionts from thirty nine specimens of Protoparmeliopsis muralis have been determined. The photobiont species were identified both by direct comparison with the available sequences and by phylogenetic analysis. The sequences obtained from P. muralis specimens belonged to different Trebouxia clades. The most common photobionts were T. incrustata and an unidentified lineage, here named as “muralis I”. Less common photobionts were T. asymmetrica and T. gigantea. Two unidentified Trebouxia spp. and a photobiont that belonged to the clade that includes T. impressa, T. flava and T. potteri were also found to be associated with P. muralis. Such flexibility has not been reported to date. Moreover, two different photobionts were found in a single specimen. They belonged to the T. gigantea clade and “muralis I” lineage. The low level of selectivity with respect to the photobiont may constitute an important aspect in that Protoparmeliopsis muralis is one of the most successful urban lichens in the world.

scholarly journals Genome-wide data inferring the evolution and population demography of the novel pneumonia coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Fang ◽  
Linlin Liu ◽  
Xiao Yu ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Guojun Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sliding Window ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Population Demography ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
The World ◽  
Genome Wide Data ◽  
Neutrality Tests

AbstractAs the highly risk and infectious diseases, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses unprecedent challenges to global health. Up to March 3, 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 89,000 people in China and other 66 countries across six continents. In this study, we used 10 new sequenced genomes of SARS-CoV-2 and combined 136 genomes from GISAID database to investigate the genetic variation and population demography through different analysis approaches (e.g. Network, EBSP, Mismatch, and neutrality tests). The results showed that 80 haplotypes had 183 substitution sites, including 27 parsimony-informative and 156 singletons. Sliding window analyses of genetic diversity suggested a certain mutations abundance in the genomes of SARS-CoV-2, which may be explaining the existing widespread. Phylogenetic analysis showed that, compared with the coronavirus carried by pangolins (Pangolin-CoV), the virus carried by bats (bat-RaTG13-CoV) has a closer relationship with SARS-CoV-2. The network results showed that SARS-CoV-2 had diverse haplotypes around the world by February 11. Additionally, 16 genomes, collected from Huanan seafood market assigned to 10 haplotypes, indicated a circulating infection within the market in a short term. The EBSP results showed that the first estimated expansion date of SARS-CoV-2 began from 7 December 2019.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic analysis of isolated biofuel yeasts based on 5.8S-ITS rDNA and D1/D2 26S rDNA sequences

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd El-Latif Hesham ◽  
Virginia Wambui ◽  
Henry Ogola J.O. ◽  
Julius M. Maina
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Its Rdna ◽  
26S Rdna ◽  
Rdna Sequences

Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Fibroporia (Basidiomycota) in China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 203 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUAN-YUAN CHEN ◽  
HAI-JIAO LI ◽  
Bao-Kai Cui
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Its Rdna ◽  
Pore Surface ◽  
Hyphal System ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Close Relationship

Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on the Chinese species of Fibroporia were carried out. Fibroporia albicans sp. nov. is described and illustrated on the basis of collections originating from Jiangxi and Xizang provinces, based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis of ITS rDNA sequences. Morphologically, it is characterized by resupinate, annual basidiocarps, white to cream-colored pore surface when fresh, becoming cream to cream-buff upon drying, small pores (6–8 per mm), presence of white to cream rhizomorphs, a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, fusoid cystidioles, and oblong to ellipsoid basidiospores; moreover, it causes a brown rot. Molecular data suggested a close relationship between Fibroporia albicans and F. citrina. Six species of Fibroporia form a monophyletic entity with 100% MP and 1.00 BPP supports. An identification key to the Chinese species of Fibroporia is provided.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic analysis to define feline immunodeficiency virus subtypes in 31 domestic cats in South Africa

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kann ◽  
J. Seddon ◽  
M. Kyaw-Tanner ◽  
J.P. Schoeman ◽  
T. Schoeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Envelope Gene ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Subtype A

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), a lentivirus, is an important pathogen of domestic cats around the world and has many similarities to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A characteristic of these lentiviruses is their extensive genetic diversity, which has been an obstacle in the development of successful vaccines. Of the FIV genes, the envelope gene is the most variable and sequence differences in a portion of this gene have been used to define 5 FIV subtypes (A, B, C, D and E). In this study, the proviral DNA sequence of the V3-V5 region of the envelope gene was determined in blood samples from 31 FIV positive cats from 4 different regions of South Africa. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the presence of both subtypes A and C, with subtype A predominating. These findings contribute to the understanding of the genetic diversity of FIV.

Rediscovery of the Neotropical water scavenger beetle Protistolophus spangleri Short with notes on its habitat and behavior (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Hydrophilinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4759 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
ANDREW EDWARD Z. SHORT ◽  
LARISSA SANTANA ◽  
CESAR J. BENETTI ◽  
NEUSA HAMADA
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
New World ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Male Specimen ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
The World ◽  
Unusual Combination ◽  
And Behavior

The water scavenger beetle genus Protistolophus Short contains a single species, P. spangleri Short, 2010, known from southern Venezuela. The genus was hitherto known only from a single partly-incomplete male specimen, making it one of the rarest and most poorly known aquatic hydrophilid genera in the world. Only one other New World aquatic hydrophilid genus, the Ecuadorian cave endemic Troglochares Spangler, is known from a single specimen or locality. In a phylogenetic analysis of the Hydrophilini based on adult morphology, the genus Protistolophus was resolved as the sister taxon to the remaining genera of the tribe, implying it is an ancient and possibly relict lineage—it possesses a very unusual combination of characters, including a very weakly developed mesoventral keel. It was the only genus not included in a recent molecular phylogeny of the Hydrophilini as no suitable material was available for DNA (Toussaint et al. 2017). 

scholarly journals Coccomyxa antarctica sp. nov. from the Antarctic lichen Usnea aurantiacoatra

PhytoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunan Cao ◽  
Fang Zhang ◽  
Hongyuan Zheng ◽  
Chuanpeng Liu ◽  
Fang Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Ssu Rdna ◽  
Its Rdna ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The single celled green alga Coccomyxaantarctica Shunan Cao & Qiming Zhou, sp. nov. was isolated from the Antarctic torrential lichen Usneaaurantiacoatra (Jacq.) Bory. It is described and illustrated based on a comprehensive study of its morphology, ultrastructure, ecology and phylogeny. C.antarctica is a lichenicolous alga which has elongated cells and contains a parietal chloroplast as observed under the microscope. C.antarctica is clearly different from other species by phylogenetic analysis (ITS rDNA and SSU rDNA sequences), also it differs from its phylogenetic closely species C.viridis by its larger cell size.

Neoalloionema tricaudatum gen. n., sp. n. (Nematoda: Alloionematidae) associated with a cyclophorid snail in Cuc Phuong Natural Park, Vietnam

Nematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Ivanova ◽  
Pham Van Luc ◽  
Sergei Spiridonov
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Its Rdna ◽  
Peculiar Feature ◽  
Tail Region ◽  
Nematode Genus ◽  
Terrestrial Gastropods ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Natural Park

A new nematode genus and species associated with terrestrial gastropods from Vietnam is described and illustrated. Partial SSU and ITS rDNA sequences were obtained and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Both morphologically and molecularly, Neoalloionema tricaudatum gen. n., sp. n. is closest to Alloionema appendiculatum, another gastropod associate. It is differentiated from A. appendiculatum by the presence of an outstretched vs reflexed testis and the absence of denticles in the stoma, by the parasitic juveniles inhabiting the pallial cavity vs the foot of the host and having six vs two lips and large sucker-like phasmids vs pore-like. The most peculiar feature of N. tricaudatum gen. n., sp. n. is the presence of paired, solid appendages located at the mid-tail region of juveniles from the pallial cavity of the host. The nature of the association between N. tricaudatum gen. n., sp. n. and its gastropod host is discussed.

A Matter of Perspective: How adults represent causal launching sequences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deon T. Benton ◽  
David H. Rakison
Keyword(s):  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Associative Mechanism ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
The World ◽  
Modular Domain ◽  
Stimulus Features

The ability to reason about causal events in the world is fundamental to cognition. Despite the importance of this ability, little is known about how adults represent causal events, what structure or form those representations take, and what the mechanism is that underpins such representations. We report four experiments with adults that examine the perceptual basis on which adults represent four-object launching sequences (Experiments 1 and 2), whether adults representations reflect sensitivity to the causal, perceptual, or causal and perceptual relation among the objects that comprise such sequences (Experiment 3), and whether such representations extend beyond spatiotemporal contiguity to include other low-level stimulus features such as an object’s shape and color (Experiment 4). Based on these results of the four experiments, we argue that a domain-general associative mechanism, rather a modular, domain-specific, mechanism subserves adults’ representations of four-object launching sequences.

Incentivizing Peace

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Tir ◽  
Johannes Karreth
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
East Timor ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Tools ◽  
The Impact

Civil wars are one of the most pressing problems facing the world. Common approaches such as mediation, intervention, and peacekeeping have produced some results in managing ongoing civil wars, but they fall short in preventing civil wars in the first place. This book argues for considering civil wars from a developmental perspective to identify steps to assure that nascent, low-level armed conflicts do not escalate to full-scale civil wars. We show that highly structured intergovernmental organizations (IGOs, e.g. the World Bank or IMF) are particularly well positioned to engage in civil war prevention. Such organizations have both an enduring self-interest in member-state peace and stability and potent (economic) tools to incentivize peaceful conflict resolution. The book advances the hypothesis that countries that belong to a larger number of highly structured IGOs face a significantly lower risk that emerging low-level armed conflicts on their territories will escalate to full-scale civil wars. Systematic analyses of over 260 low-level armed conflicts that have occurred around the globe since World War II provide consistent and robust support for this hypothesis. The impact of a greater number of memberships in highly structured IGOs is substantial, cutting the risk of escalation by over one-half. Case evidence from Indonesia’s East Timor conflict, Ivory Coast’s post-2010 election crisis, and from the early stages of the conflict in Syria in 2011 provide additional evidence that memberships in highly structured IGOs are indeed key to understanding why some low-level armed conflicts escalate to civil wars and others do not.

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