scholarly journals A comparative study of the British species of Nucula and Nuculana

1954 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Present Survey ◽  
Faecal Pellets ◽  
The Family ◽  
Marine Station ◽  
Clyde Sea ◽  
Sea Area

The survey of the sublittoral fauna of the Clyde Sea Area from 1949 onwards has shown that five species of the Protobranchiata are abundant throughout this region on a variety of substrata. Pelseneer (1891, 1899, 1911), Heath (1937), and Yonge (1939) have contributed much to the knowledge of the group as a whole, but little comparative work has been done at species level. Verrill & Bush (1897, 1898) studied the shell characters of the American Atlantic species. Moore (1931 a, b) worked on the faecal pellets of the British Nuculidae and attempted to distinguish the species by this means, while Winckworth (1930,1931), mainly in the light of the latter work, attempted to clarify the nomenclature of these species. Winckworth (1932) lists six British species of the family Nuculidae: Nucula sulcata Bronn, N. nucleus (Linné), N. hanleyi Winckworth, N. turgida Leckenby & Marshall, N. moorei Winckworth and N. tenuis (Montagu); and four species of the family Nuculanidae: Nuculana minuta (Müller), Yoldiella lucida (Loven), Y. tomlini Winckworth and Phaseolus pusillus (Jeffreys). All species of Nucula, except N. hanleyi, were taken from the Clyde Sea Area, although the latter species is included in the Clyde fauna list (Scott Elliot, Laurie & Murdoch, 1901). Only Nuculana minuta of the Nuculanidae has been taken on the present survey. Yoldiella tomlini is included in the 1901 list but is noted as being ‘insufficiently attested’. Nucula hanleyi was obtained from the Marine Station, Port Erin, but Yoldiella and Phaseolus were unobtainable.

scholarly journals XXIII.—The Clyde Sea Area

1892 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Robert Mill
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
Experimental Physics ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
Marine Station ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Grant ◽  
One Year ◽  
The University ◽  
Clyde Sea ◽  
Sea Area

The fjord-like inlets or sea-lochs which form so conspicuous a feature in the scenery of the west of Scotland stand in marked contrast to the shallow, low-shored firths of the east coast. When Dr John Murray decided to extend the physical and biological work of the Scottish Marine Station to the west coast he foresaw that many interesting conclusions were likely to be derived from the study of these isolated sea-basins. Various papers, published by him and other workers, contain preliminary discussions of many of the phenomena observed, fully justifying the anticipations which had been formed.For one year my work, as described in this paper, was carried out under the provisions of an Elective Fellowship in Experimental Physics of the University of Edinburgh, to which I had been elected in 1886; and subsequently by a personal grant from the Government Grant Committee for Scientific Research. The Committee also devoted several sums of money in payment of expenses in compiling this discussion. The Scottish Marine Station throughout gave the use of the steam-yacht “Medusa,” and the necessary apparatus.

11. On the Chemical Composition of the Water composing the Clyde Sea Area

1888 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 422-427
Author(s):  
Adam Dickie
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Freshwater Stream ◽  
Marine Station ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Grant ◽  
Clyde Sea ◽  
Sea Area

About the beginning of this year I was requested by a sub-committee of the Government Grant Committee* to determine some of the components of a series of samples of sea water, which were to be collected during the year at various parts and at different times in the Clyde sea area by the observers of the Scottish Marine Station. The collections were chiefly made under the immediate direction of Dr H. E. Mill. Since January, accordingly, I have been working at this, and have completed in all eighty-nine analyses, the results of which I now take the liberty of placing before this Society. There are various reasons why this paper should consist of little more than tables of results, one of which is that, having little or no experience in the science of oceanography, it would be presumptuous in me to draw conclusions from my results which would no doubt strike any one acquainted with that science at once. Another reason is that, though acquainted with some of the physical conditions under which the samples were taken, such as depth, temperature, place of collection, and date, I am quite ignorant of other conditions quite as important, if not more so, in my estimation, as, for instance, presence or absence of some freshwater stream near place of collection, state of tide, raiafall, 'c,—all conditions which would no doubt influence more or less materially the salinity of the water.

On the Nutrition and Metabolism of Zooplankton VII. Seasonal Survey of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Excretion by Calanus in the Clyde Sea-Area

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Butler ◽  
E. D. S. Corner ◽  
S. M. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Calanus Finmarchicus ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Present Survey ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Phosphorus Excretion ◽  
Clyde Sea ◽  
Sea Area

In a recent study (Butler, Corner & Marshall, 1969) it was found that the excretion of nitrogen and phosphorus in soluble form by Calanus finmarchicus caught at Garroch Head in the Clyde sea-area was significantly higher in spring when plant food was plentiful, than in autumn when plant food was in relatively short supply. The present survey has extended this earlier study to include more detailed data at all times of the year, particular attention being paid to the spring diatom increase of 1969 when plant food in the sea near Garroch Head rose above the level which Beklemishev (1962) regards as inducing superfluous feeding, a wasteful process partially involving the inefficient assimilation of foodstuffs (see ‘Discussion’, p. 549).

scholarly journals The Specific Identification of Fæcal Pellets

1931 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary B. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Specific Identification ◽  
Faecal Pellets ◽  
Fine Material ◽  
Effective Particle Size ◽  
Biological Importance ◽  
Effective Particle ◽  
Clyde Sea ◽  
Sea Area

In fine muds such as those covering most of the bottom in the deeper parts of the Clyde Sea Area the formation of fæcal pellets is a factor of great biological importance. In these muds up to 40 per cent of the fine material is often consolidated into fæcal masses, and in extreme cases even the whole of the mud may be in the form of pellets. The significance of this process is clear. In the first place, the effective particle size of a large proportion of the mud is very greatly increased, and this in turn affects such characters as the porosity of the bottom, and the liability of the material to be transported by currents. In the second place, among selective feeders such as Syndosmya alba, which feed on the mud, there is an economy of labour, in that food which has once passed through the gut is set aside in a form in which it will be refused if again taken in by the siphons. This latter process can readily be seen in the example cited whose rejecta on examination prove to be almost entirely composed of pellets of its own and other species.

James Thomas Marshall's correspondence (1887–1895) with Scotland's Alexander Somerville: practical, personal and controversial matters in conchology

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. MOORE
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
The One ◽  
Clyde Sea ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Molluscan Species

Attention is drawn to the one side remaining of a nineteenth-century correspondence addressed to Alexander Somerville that is housed in the archives of the Scottish Association for Marine Science at Oban, concerning conchological matters. Previously unstudied letters from James Thomas Marshall shed new light on the practicalities of offshore dredging by nineteenth-century naturalists in the Clyde Sea Area; on personalities within conchology; on the controversies that raged among the conchological community about the production of an agreed list of British molluscan species and on the tensions between conchology and malacology. In particular, the criticism of Canon A. E. Norman's ideas regarding taxonomic revision of J. G. Jeffreys's British conchology, as expressed by Marshall, are highlighted.

XIX.—The Structure and Behaviour of Hiatella gallicana (Lamarck) and H. arctica (L.), with special reference to the Boring Habit

1949 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Russell Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
The University ◽  
Clyde Sea ◽  
Sea Area

Of the genera of rock-boring lamellibranchs which occur in British waters, Hiatella (= Saxicava) is the commonest. But the method of boring remains obscure, and for this reason the present research was suggested by Professor C. M. Yonge, under whose direction it was conducted. Observations were made during 1945 and 1946 in the Clyde Sea Area and at the Millport Laboratory, while other work on living and preserved material from both the Clyde and Plymouth areas was carried out at the Department of Zoology, University of Glasgow. Acknowledgments are due for assistance in technical problems to Dr H. F. Steedman of the University of Glasgow, for help with the nomenclature of the genus to Mr R. Winckworth, and for much kindness and help to the late Mr R. Elmhirst, Director of the Millport Laboratory.

Phylogeny accurately predicts behaviour in Indian Ocean Clitaetra spiders (Araneae:Nephilidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matjaž Kuntner ◽  
Ingi Agnarsson
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Web Architecture ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
The Family ◽  
Behavioural Biology

Phylogenies are underutilised, powerful predictors of traits in unstudied species. We tested phylogenetic predictions of web-related behaviour in Clitaetra Simon, 1889, an Afro-Indian spider genus of the family Nephilidae. Clitaetra is phylogenetically sister to all other nephilids and thus important for understanding ancestral traits. Behavioural information on Clitaetra has been limited to only C. irenae Kuntner, 2006 from South Africa which constructs ladder webs. A resolved species-level phylogeny unambiguously optimised Clitaetra behavioural biology and predicted web traits in five unstudied species and a uniform intrageneric nephilid web biology. We tested these predictions by studying the ecology and web biology of C. perroti Simon, 1894 on Madagascar and C. episinoides Simon, 1889 on Mayotte. We confirm predicted arboricolous web architecture in these species. The expected ontogenetic allometric transition from orbs in juveniles to elongate ladder webs in adults was statistically significant in C. perroti, whereas marginally not significant in C. episinoides. We demonstrate the persistence of the temporary spiral in finished Clitaetra webs. A morphological and behavioural phylogenetic analysis resulted in unchanged topology and persisting unambiguous behavioural synapomorphies. Our results support the homology of Clitaetra hub reinforcement with the nephilid hub-cup. In Clitaetra, behaviour was highly predictable and remained consistent with new observations. Our results confirm that nephilid web biology is evolutionarily conserved within genera.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document