Observations on the biology and submergence behaviour of some littoral beetles

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Evans ◽  
C. N. E. Ruscoe ◽  
J. E. Treherne
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Drastic Reduction ◽  
Effective Contact ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Burrowing Activity

SUMMARYThe four species studied (Bledius spectabilis, Heterocerus fenestratus, Dichirotrichus pubescens and Cillenus lateralis) are most commonly found in a region delimited by the anaerobic mud of the lower bank and the dense marsh bordering the drainage channels in tidal salt-marshes at Scolt Head Island, Norfolk.Experimental submersion of the beetles in sea water was found to induce an apparent anoxic condition which was associated with a drastic reduction in oxygen consumption. On return to air there was a large increase in oxygen consumption characteristic of an appreciable oxygen debt.The use of the physiological responses to submergence as an indicator of effective contact with water revealed that their subterranean mode of life largely prevents direct exposure of the beetles to sea water in natural conditions. A significant proportion of Heterocerus fenestratus were, however, found to be vulnerable to flooding by sea water during tidal coverage of the burrow system.These results are considered in relation to the observations made on the behaviour and burrowing activity of the various species.

The Organic Metabolism of Sea-water with Special Reference to the Ultimate Food Cycle in the Sea

1935 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ancel Keys ◽  
E. H. Christensen ◽  
August Krogh
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Raw Water

Studies are reported of the behaviour of stored sea-water with regard to oxygen, ammonia, and bacteria content in relation to the conditions of storage and to the effect of various filtration procedures.When sea-water is sterilised by filtration and stored in the dark, the oxygen content remains constant or diminishes only by less than 0·07c.c. per litre in several hundred hours.In non-sterile experiments there is always an oxygen consumption roughly parallel to a bacterial multiplication which begins very suddenly after collection of the water. These effects are greatest in “raw” water, less in paper-filtered water and least in water which is doubly filtered.

scholarly journals KONSUMSI OKSIGEN BENIH IKAN KERAPU BEBEK (Cromileptes altivelis) UKURAN PANJANG 5-7 CM

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yopi Novita ◽  
Budhi Hascaryo Iskandar ◽  
Bambang Murdiyanto ◽  
Budy Wiryawan ◽  
Hariyanto Hariyanto
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Consumption Level ◽  
Water Measurement

Disolved oxygen plays an important role for fish living in its life environment. Information on the ammount of oxygen consumption of a fish in certain volume of water is needed in order to give balancing between the ammount of disolved oxygen and fish in it. The objective of this research is obtaining oxygen consumption level of a juvenile of humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) of 5-7 cm body length. Oxygen consumption of fish was measured using a tube that equiped with DO tool (dissolved oxygent, DO), and the tube was filled by sea water. Measurement of oxygen con-sumption of juvenil was done by measuring the concentration of dissolved oxygen from sea water in the respirometer tube, began when fish had entered into the respirometer tube up to two hours observation. The result showed that oxygen consumption rate of a juvenile of humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) of 5-7 cm length, is ranging between 0.816 and 1.734 mg/hour.

scholarly journals Aedes Aegypti: Energetics of Osmoregulation

1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.A. EDWARDS
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
External Medium ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Minimum Energy Cost ◽  
Anal Papillae ◽  
Theoretical Minimum

1. Oxygen consumption of A. aegypti larvae, about 210 mul l g−1 tissue wet weight h−1, does not change when the salinity of the environment is changed. The number of mitochondria in the anal papillae, a salt-absorbing epithelium, increases as the external medium is diluted. There is no difference in oxygen consumption between isolated anal papillae in 0, 2 and 20% sea water. The papillae represent about 5% of body volume and their oxygen consumption is about 2% of the animal's total. The theoretical minimum energy cost of osmoregulation is four orders of magnitude smaller than the measured figure for the anal papillae alone. Osmoregulatory phenomena which would explain the recorded observations are discussed.

Osmotic balance and respiration in the hermit crab, Pagurus bernhardus, exposed to fluctuating salinities

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra E. Shumway
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
External Medium ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Osmotic Balance ◽  
Pagurus Bernhardus

Specimens of Pagurus bernhardus (with and without shells) were exposed to both gradual (sinusoidal) and abrupt (square-wave) salinity fluctuations and changes in haemolymph osmolality, tissue water content and oxygen consumption monitored. Oxygen consumption was also monitored under steady-state conditions; under these conditions there was no significant difference between the rate of oxygen consumption by animals with shells and animals without shells. Oxygen consumption was found to vary with body weight according to the equation O2 consumption = 0·292 W0·668. During exposure to fluctuating salinities the crabs with shells were seen to increase loco-motory activity when the external medium declined to approximately 75% sea water. Haemolymph osmolality values followed the same pattern of change as the external medium; the haemolymph of crabs without shells became significantly more dilute during exposure to low salinity than did that of crabs with shells. P. bernhardus showed significant increases and decreases in hydration level as salinities fell and rose respectively. Crabs with shells showed a marked temporary increase in oxygen consumption when the external medium declined to approximately 75% sea water; crabs without shells showed no such response. The importance of the shell as a means of protection against dilute media is discussed.

scholarly journals The Formation of Brine Drainage Features in Young Sea Ice

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (70) ◽  
pp. 137-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Ingolf Eide ◽  
Seelye Martin
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Thin Plastic ◽  
Ice Water ◽  
Brine Channel

Laboratory experiments on the growth of sea ice in a very thin plastic tank filled with salt water, cooled from above and insulated with thermopane, clearly show the formation and development of brine drainage channels. The sea-water freezing cell is 0.3 cm thick by 35 cm wide by 50 cm deep; the thermopane insulation permits the ice interior to be photographed. Experimentally, we observe that vertical channels with diameters of 1 to 3 mm and associated smaller feeder channels extend throughout the ice sheet. Close examination of the brine channels show that their diameter at the ice-water interface is much narrower than higher up in the ice, so that the channel has a “neck” at the interface. Further, oscillations occur in the brine channels, in that brine flows out of the channel followed by a flow of sea-water up into the channel. Theoretically, a qualitative theory based on the difference in pressure head between the brine inside the ice and the sea-water provides a consistent explanation for the formation of the channels, and the onset of a convective instability explains the existence of the neck. Finally, an analysis based on the presence of the brine-channel neck provides an explanation for the observed oscillations.

scholarly journals On the function of chlorocruorin

1940 ◽  
Vol 129 (855) ◽  
pp. 137-153 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

1.The oxygen consumption of Sabella decreases soon after the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the sea water falls below the value corresponding to air saturation both at 10 and 17° C. Above air saturation at 17° C there is no significant rise in oxygen consumption. 2. The oxygen consumption of Sabella whose chlorocruorin has been converted to carboxychlorocruorin is lower than that of normal worms. This is the case at air saturation of the water and at oxygen concentrations below air saturation both at 10 and 17° C. 3. The fall in oxygen consumption of the animals after treatment with carbon monoxide is not due to an action of the latter on cell enzymes. 4. It follows that chlorocruorin functions as an oxygen carrier in Sabella at all temperatures and oxygen pressures to which the animals are subjected in nature.

Holkham Salts Hole, an Isolated Salt-Water pond with Relict Features. An Account Based on Studies by the late C. F. A. Pantin

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. D. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
High Water ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
The North ◽  
Short Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Water Pond

A saline pond known as the ‘Salts Hole’ at Holkham on the north coast of Norfolk is situated between the pine-covered sand-hills and the fields that have been reclaimed for agriculture from pre-existing salt-marshes. It has a salinity of about 75% of that of sea water and supports a peculiar relict marine fauna. Except for the rare occurrence of flooding for a short period, as in the great storm of 1953, the pond has probably been cut off from the sea for about 250 years. It presents three problems: how it got its fauna and flora; how its marine character is maintained; and how the pond originated geographically. The fauna and flora, as described, show the pond as a refuge where various marine and brackish species have managed to maintain themselves and co-exist in water outside their normal and differing ranges of salinity. The main character of the pond is kept remarkably constant with respect to salinity, alkalinity, temperature and oxygenation. The pond is a study in ‘natural engineering’, constituting a natural marine aquarium with natural controls. It is fed near the level of high-water neap tide by continuous flow from a salt spring of very constant salinity supplied from water contained in the extensive coastal sands. Its only apparent artificial feature is the outlet controlled by a dam through a culvert into a ditch that conveys its water through the fields to the sea at Wells nearly two miles away. Search in the muniment room at Holkham Hall brought to light maps dating back to Elizabethan days which show the history of the Salts Hole.

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