Population and Agriculture in Northern India, 1872—1921

1974 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira Klein
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Preliminary Work ◽  
British Rule ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Natural Calamity

What were the relationships between agriculture, natural calamity, standards of living, and population growth in India? To what extent were Indian agriculturalists able to raise their standard of living in the nineteenth century under British rule? Why did population grow, or fail to expand, in particular regions and provinces at certain times? Historians have left these questions virtually untouched. Population growth has been at the center of the controversy about the impact of British rule. But only preliminary work has been done on the actual expansion of population, and hardly a page has been written on the economic and medical reasons for change.

The Demographic Impact of Irish Immigration on Birmingham Catholicism 1800-1850

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith F. Champ
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Industrial Enterprise ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Irish Immigration ◽  
Interesting Pattern ◽  
Demographic Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The Birmingham congregation suggests what Manchester Catholicism might have looked like if Irish immigration had been a fraction of what it was.’ This remark of John Bossy points in the direction of a different view of the impact of Irish migration on urban Catholic congregations in England from that which has become familiar. The relationship between Irish and English Catholic population growth in Birmingham before 1850 was not straightforward and led consequently to an interesting pattern of social and religious interaction. What Birmingham illustrates in the period up to 1850 is the effect of relatively modest Irish immigration into an English Catholic congregation already well advanced in prosperity and organization. In the first half of the nineteenth century, Birmingham Catholicism was not over whelmingly Irish, but the reception of the Irish had significant demographic and social effects on the congregation. These can be used to highlight and illustrate urban Catholic population structure, industrial enterprise, and quasi-parochial organization.

Poverty and Physical Stature: Evidence on the Standard of Living of London Boys 1770–1870

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-452
Author(s):  
Roderick Floud ◽  
Kenneth W. Wachter
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Statistical Complexity ◽  
Friedrich Engels ◽  
Physical Stature ◽  
The Impact

To many historians, and to most of their students, the question of the impact of the Industrial Revolution upon the poor of Britain has become confused, an arcane debate of ever greater statistical complexity. This is a pity, for “the most sustained single controversy in British economic history” still has, and should have, the capacity to excite and rouse the imagination, as it did for those who began, in the first half of the nineteenth century, the Condition of England debate (Mathias, 1975: vii; Taylor, 1975: xi). For Friedrich Engels, Edwin Chadwick, John Stuart Mill, or Lord Shaftesbury, and for many who as government inspectors or members of local statistical societies provided the evidence, the condition of the working classes was something tangible, to be seen in the streets of Manchester or London, demonstrated in the faces and bodies of the artisans and laborers who walked those streets and worked in the workshops and factories. The moral outrage felt by Engels, Chadwick, Shaftesbury, Barnardo, and many others in the nineteenth century came from the sight not only of squalid living conditions but of the malnourished bodies of the poor themselves.

The Demography of Ambon in the Seventeenth Century: Evidence from Colonial Proto-Censuses

1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit Knaap
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Major Field ◽  
Demographic Study ◽  
Strong Relation

In modern Indonesia the demographic study of the population has become a major field of academic interest. The reason is obvious: the endeavour to develop the nation's economy in order to give every citizen a proper standard of living and to guarantee this in the future, bears a strong relation to the size of the population and the desire to stem the tide of excessive population growth. Demographic studies are only recent and the same is true for the statistical material with which these studies work: censuses at a national level and regular registrations of births, marriages and deaths at the basic local level. In Indonesia the first, still imperfect, censuses date from the final decades of the nineteenth century, while regular registration of births, deaths and marriages for the indigenous population has only taken place from the 1930s onwards.

A Rule of Proprietary Right for British India: From revenue settlement to tenant right in the age of classical legal thought

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 345-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
FAISAL CHAUDHRY
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Indian Species ◽  
British India ◽  
Indian Land ◽  
British Rule ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Land Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractScholars have long debated the impact of the British ‘rule of property’ on India. In our own day it has become common for historians to hold that the Raj's would-be regime of free capitalist property was frustrated by a pervasive divide between rhetoric and reality which derived from a fundamental lack of fit between English ideas and Indian land control practices. While seemingly novel, the contemporary emphasis on the theory-practice divide is rooted in an earlier ‘revisionist’ perspective among late-nineteenth-century colonial thinkers who argued that land control in the subcontinent derived from a uniquely Indian species of ‘proprietary’ (rather than genuinely propertied) right-holding. In this article, I critically examine the revisionist discourse of ‘proprietary right’ by situating it in a broader comparative perspective, both relative to earlier ideas about rendering property ‘absolute’ during the East India Company's rule and relative to the changing conception of the property right among legal thinkers in the central domains of the Anglo-common law world. In so doing, the article significantly revises our understanding of the relationship between property, law, and political economy in the subcontinent from the late eighteenth to the late nineteenth century.

scholarly journals Gender and Professionalism in Law: The Challenge of (Women’s) Biography

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Mossman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Legal Services ◽  
Women Clients ◽  
Gender History ◽  
Legal Professionals ◽  
Gender Barriers ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Women Lawyers ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Impact

This paper explores the story of a woman who “created” her life in the law in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Although now almost unknown, Cornelia Sorabji achieved prominence as a woman pioneer in the legal profession, who provided legal services to women clients in northern India, the Purdahnashins. Sorabji’s experiences as a woman in law were often similar to the stories of other first women lawyers in a number of different jurisdictions at the end of the nineteenth century: all of these women had to overcome gender barriers to gain admission to the legal professions, and they were often the only woman in law in their jurisdictions for many years. Yet, as Sorabji’s story reveals, while ideas about gender and the culture of legal professionalism could present formidable barriers for aspiring women lawyers, these ideas sometimes intersected in paradoxical ways to offer new opportunities for women to become legal professionals. In exploring the impact of gender and legal professionalism on Sorabji’s legal work, the paper also suggests that her story presents a number of challenges and contradictions that may require new approaches to gender history so as to capture the complexity of stories about women lawyers.Cet article examine l’histoire d’une femme qui a «créé» sa vie dans le domaine du droit à la fin du dix-neuvième et au début du vingtième siècles. Quoique présentement presque inconnue, Cornelia Sorabji a acquis une certaine renommée comme femme pionnière dans la profession juridique qui offrait des services juridiques à des femmes clientes dans le nord de l’Inde, les Purdahnashins. Les expériences de Mme Sorabji en tant que femme dans le domaine du droit ressemblaient souvent aux récits d’autres premières femmes avocates sur un nombre d’autres territoires à la fin du dix-neuvième siècle : ces femmes devaient toutes surmonter des barrières sexistes pour être admises à la profession juridique, et elles étaient souvent la seule femme à exercer le droit sur leur territoire pendant de nombreuses années. Pourtant, comme le fait voir l’histoire de Mme Sorabji, quoique les idées reliées au sexe de l’individu et la culture de professionnalisme légal pouvaient constituer des obstacles formidables pour les femmes qui aspiraient à devenir avocates, ces idées parfois se croisaient de manières paradoxales de façon à créer de nouvelles occasions aux femmes de devenir des professionnelles du droit. En examinant l’impact du sexe de l’individu et du professionnalisme légal sur le travail légal de Mme Sorabji, l’article suggère en plus que son histoire présente un nombre de défis et de contradictions qui pourraient nécessiter de nouvelles approches à l’histoire vue en rapport au sexe de l’individu afin de saisir la complexité des récits au sujet de femmes avocates.

scholarly journals The Impact of Religiosity on Individual Perception of Wellbeing and Living Standards: A Cross-Cultural Study on the Selected Developing Economies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Simionescu ◽  
Yuriy Bilan ◽  
Sergej Vojtovič ◽  
Sergii Zapototskyi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Individual Perception ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Considering the impact of religiosity on the perceptions regarding life quality, in this paper we focus on the effects of the appurtenance to a religion on the standard of living in several economically developing countries (Turkey, Ukraine, Senegal and Morocco). The data have been collected using a survey carried out in 2012 and the empirical analysis was based on non-parametric tests and multinomial logistic regression. The results indicate there are differences between religious persons and atheists regarding gender, marital status, perceptions of daily life and standards of living. Females and officially married people or single people tend to be more religious. A person claiming to belong to a religion has 2-4-fold more chances to achieve a considerable improvement in the standards of living as compared to an atheist. Moreover, religious people from the analyzed countries are more optimistic about their life overall. Taking into account the sample’s characteristics and the countries chosen, we can claim that the results obtained are truly cross-cultural in nature. Moreover, most of the conclusions reached would be to some extent relevant to other developing economies of Eastern Europe, North Africa and Middle East.

Infant Mortality and Living Standards of English Workers During the Industrial Revolution

1995 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Huck
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century

Infant mortality data gathered from the registers of nine parishes in the industrial North of England are used as a concrete indicator of living standards for the early nineteenth century. Rising infant mortality in the sample parishes provides evidence that the standard of living was not improving substantially in these towns up to midcentury. This conclusion remains after considering the effect on mortality of population growth, climate, and feeding practices.

Reading Stratigraphical Woodscapes in Thomas Hardy's The Woodlanders

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-223
Author(s):  
Anna Burton
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Local History ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Geological Work ◽  
Gideon Mantell ◽  
Modes Of Thought ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Visual Cultures

In The Woodlanders (1887), Hardy uses the texture of Hintock woodlands as more than description: it is a terrain of personal association and local history, a text to be negotiated in order to comprehend the narrative trajectory. However, upon closer analysis of these arboreal environs, it is evident that these woodscapes are simultaneously self-contained and multi-layered in space and time. This essay proposes that through this complex topographical construction, Hardy invites the reader to read this text within a physical and notional stratigraphical framework. This framework shares similarities with William Gilpin's picturesque viewpoint and the geological work of Gideon Mantell: two modes of vision that changed the observation of landscape in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This comparative discussion at once reviews the perception of the arboreal prospect in nineteenth-century literary and visual cultures, and also questions the impact of these modes of thought on the woodscapes of The Woodlanders.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document