Electron-microscope studies of Fasciola hepatica III. Further observations on the tegument and associated structures

Parasitology ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Threadgold
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Golgi Complex ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Glutaraldehyde Fixation ◽  
Research Associate ◽  
New Findings

Additional ultrastructural features of the tegument of Fasciola hepatica, after glutaraldehyde fixation and high resolution, have been observed.Two distinct types of tegumental cells are shown to be present, the type 1 cell having been previously described. Details of the fine structure of the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex of the type 2 cell are given. The type 2 cell is characterized by biconcave secretory bodies derived from the Golgi complex and the latter is intimately related to the granular endoplasmic reticulum, from which it is derived by blebbing. The type 2 cells are connected by protoplasmic tubes to the same surface syncytium as type 1 cells.These new findings of the structure of the tegument of Fasciola are compared with previous reports on the ultrastructure of the tegument in other flukes.I should like to express my sincere thanks to the following: the Wellcome Trust and S.R.C. for grants to purchase an Akashi TRS 50 and an A.E.I. E.M. 6B electron microscope respectively; the Royal Society for a personal grant to purchase a Reichert Ultramicrotome and a vacuum coating unit.My thanks are also due to Mr W. Ferguson for photographic skill and to Mr A. Lyness for technical assistance and microscope maintenance, and my Research Associate, Mrs S. S. E. Dermott, for expert electron-microscopy.

scholarly journals Glycera sheikhmujibi n. sp. (Annelida: Polychaeta: Glyceridae): A New Species of Glyceridae from the Saltmarsh of Bangladesh

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
M. Hossain ◽  
Pat Hutchings
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
New Species ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Longitudinal Ridge ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

A new species of glycerid polychaete, Glycera sheikhmujibi, is described from the saltmarsh on the central coast of Bangladesh. The species is identified based on morphological characteristics using both a light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The species is characterized by the presence of three distinct types of proboscideal papillae: type 1 papillae (conical with three transverse ridges), type 2 (conical with a straight, median, longitudinal ridge), and type 3 (round, shorter, and broader, with a straight, median, longitudinal ridge). It has a Y-shaped aileron with gently incised triangular base, almost equal-size digitiform noto- and neuropodial lobes in the mid-body, and long ventral cirri at the posterior end. The new species is compared with its related species, previously described from the Bay of Bengal region. A key to all these species is provided.

scholarly journals High Expression Rates of Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Induce Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress–Mediated β-Cell Apoptosis, a Characteristic of Humans With Type 2 but Not Type 1 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 2016-2027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-jiang Huang ◽  
Chia-yu Lin ◽  
Leena Haataja ◽  
Tatyana Gurlo ◽  
Alexandra E. Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Islet Amyloid Polypeptide ◽  
Human Islet ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Islet Amyloid

scholarly journals The use of new antigens in the complement-fixation test for acute poliomyelitis

1960 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golda Selzer
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Acute Poliomyelitis

A complement-fixation test for acute poliomyelitis using unheated antigens derived from suckling mouse brain infected with poliovirus Type 1 or Type 2 is described.The results of tests in 62 patients clinically diagnosed as cases of acute poliomyelitis in a recent epidemic and in 26 controls are recorded.The CF tests were positive in 100% of 53 cases with poliovirus Type 1 and/or Type 2 in stool. A positive result was obtained in 23 (76%) of 30 cases whose sera were examined in the first 7 days of illness.Negative tests of the initial serum samples were found in 15 (28·5%) of 53 cases, but all these became positive in titres of 40 or 80 on testing of convalescent serum.In 31 (69%) of 45 cases whose sera were re-tested between the 3rd and 4th weeks of illness the CF antibody levels rose, reaching titres of 80 or 160 in most instances. Of the remaining 14 cases only one dropped in insignificant degree (from titre 320 to 160) and the 13 stationary results had been positive in titres of 40–160 on initial tests most of which were performed in the 2nd week of illness.Homotypic CF antibody response without crossing was found in 37 (71%) of 52 cases with Type 1 or Type 2 virus in stool. In the cases of crossing the heterotypic antibody response was either transient, diminishing or stationary in all and in only low titre in most instances.In 26 control cases there were seven positive CF tests, but one of these was nonspecific, five were in lowest titres, and one case appeared to have had recent poliomyelitis infection.Heating the antigens did not broaden the reaction. It caused only slight loss of potency except in two cases in which the CF titre increased substantially.The antigenic preparation described appears to be superior to antigens of other origin in the diagnosis of acute poliomyelitis by complement-fixation tests, as positive tests are recognized earlier in the illness and the titres are higher. Homotypic results were obtained in all cases and no instance of false negative occurred in this series.I would like to thank the medical staff of the Cape Town City Hospital for Infectious Diseases for the trouble taken in collecting stools and paired sera, and Prof. Kipps for his interest in this work. I am indebted to Miss Karin Larssen for valuable technical assistance.

Electron-microscope studies of Fasciola hepatica II. The interrelationship of the parenchyma with other organ systems

Parasitology ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. E. Gallagher ◽  
L. T. Threadgold
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Junctional Complexes ◽  
Parenchymal Cells ◽  
Made In

The structural relationship between cells of the parenchyma and those of the alimentary and excretory systems, and tegument are described.Junctional complexes are formed in areas of close cell apposition. They occur laterally on invaginations of parenchymal processes which are embedded in the epithelial cells of the alimentary and excretory systems, and on flat plaques between parenchymal cells and the tegument.The ultrastructure of the complexes has been resolved and a three-dimensional interpretation is put forward. It is suggested that the complex is a type of desmosome.The findings reported here add support to the suggestion made in a previous paper that the parenchyma may function as a transport system in this fluke.We wish to acknowledge grants from the Wellcome Trust and the S.R.C. for the purchase of an Akashi TRS 50 and an A.E.I. EM 6B electron-microscope respectively. This research and that reported in a previous paper were carried out while one of us (S.S.E.G.) was in receipt of a Training Studentship Grant from the Wellcome Trust.We also wish to thank Mr W. Ferguson and Mr A. Lyness for photographic and technical assistance.

The York Platelet Syndrome: A Third Case and New Findings

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 2526-2526
Author(s):  
James G White ◽  
Regents Professor ◽  
Merel Gunay-Aygun
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Complex ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Analytical Electron

Abstract Abstract 2526 Studies published in 2003 described a mother and son with a mitochondrial myopathy and abnormal platelets containing giant electron opaque organelles and large, multilayered organelles resembling targets. The condition has remained a familial disorder until recently when a new patient, a four year old female, with the same myopathy and platelet ultrastructure was discovered. Now the disorder can be considered a syndrome named after the initial family, the York Platelet Syndrome (YPS). Whole mount preparations of unfixed, unstained YPS platelets revealed that the giant opaque organelles (OO) were as inherently electron dense as delta granules (dense bodies, DB) but several times larger. Analytical electron microscopy revealed both organelles were rich in phosphorous and calcium, suggesting they might have the same origin. However, measurements of serotonin and adenine nucleotides in YPS platelets revealed normal levels. Also, staining YPS platelets for acid phosphatase with cerium as the capture ion and using analytical electron microscopy to determine its location in whole mount preparations revealed the presence of cerium in the giant OO, but not in DB. The findings suggested the OO might be giant secretory organelles. However, exposure of YPS platelets to high dose thrombin caused complete secretion of α granules and DB, but OO and TO were not released through the open canalicular system or the surface membrane. Thus, OO and TO are not secretory organelles. Studies of YPS in the new patient have confirmed and extended these findings. Staining her cells with diaminobenzidine and H202 to detect platelet peroxidase has revealed enzyme reaction product in both OO and TO, as well as in channels of the dense tubular system. Thus, the giant OO and TO organelles contain proteins and elements usually separated into vesicles in the Golgi Complex and reassembled into alpha granules, dense bodies and lysosomes in megakaryocytes. Instead proteins and elements from the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) develop into giant OO and TO without passing through lamellae of the Golgi complex. Involvement of the SER and DTS in formation of the giant organelles is strongly supported by YPS platelets from the new patient. Large, flat sheets and coils of SER were a common finding in the new YPS patient platelets, and present, but less frequent in the original two YPS patients. The findings strongly support the concept that the YPS in a disorder of megakaryocyte endoplasmic reticulum allowing the formation OO and TO which continue to develop in the DTS of YPS circulating platelets. It is the first such disorder to be described in human megakaryocytes and platelets. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE ADENOHYPOPHYSIS OF HYPOTHYROID RABBITS

1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. FOSTER ◽  
E. CAMERON ◽  
B. A. YOUNG
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Stellate Cells ◽  
Granular Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Pars Distalis ◽  
Type 3

SUMMARY The ultrastructure of the adenohypophysis of the rabbit, after treatment with propylthiouracil, is described. All cells in the zona tuberalis and pars distalis proper, with the exception of the prolactin producing (type 1) and stellate cells (type 5), were affected. However, the only ones which presented some evidence of sequential changes were the type 4 cells. These became markedly degranulated and sometimes showed vesiculation of the cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, similar to that observed in the 'thyroidectomy' cells in some other species. Although changes occurred in the somatotrophs (type 2) and in the gonadotrophs (type 3) the evidence suggests that it is the type 4 cells which have a thyrotrophic function.

scholarly journals A comparison of complement-fixing antigens by Types 1 and 2 poliomyelitis-infected suckling mouse brains

1959 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golda Selzer
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Infective Virus ◽  
Suckling Mouse ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Suckling Mice

Good fixation of complement was obtained with the infective virus fraction of the Mahoney Type 1 poliomyelitis virus which had been adapted to suckling mice. The presence of a soluble antigen, specific to Type 1 virus, was also demonstrated but was small in amount.The infective virus fraction of the suckling mouse adapted MEF1 Type 2 poliomyelitis virus produced as good fixation of complement as did Type 1, but the fixation of complement by the MEF1 soluble antigen was far greater than that obtained with the Mahoney strain.The author would like to thank Prof. A. Kipps for his interest and encouragement and Miss M. Butchart for her valuable technical assistance. She is also indebted to Dr H. Malherbe of the Poliomyelitis Research Foundation, Johannesburg, for the Type 1 monkey immune serum.

Morphology, arrangement and classification of sensilla on the apical segment of labium in Peiratinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2476 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOLANTA BROŻEK ◽  
DOMINIK CHŁOND
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Apical Segment ◽  
Campaniform Sensilla ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sensory Structures ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present paper describes sensory structures on the apical segment of the labium in representatives of the subfamily Peiratinae (Heteroptera: Reduviidae), using the scanning electron microscope. The study is based on dry material representing 19 species and 16 genera. Within Peiratinae thirteen morphologically distinct types of sensilla were identified. Among them were four new types of sensilla (porous placodea sensillum [PPLS], multilobate sensillum [MS], domeelongated sensillum [UDES], and pit peg sensillum type 2 [NPPS2]) were found. Mechanosensilla are evenly distributed on the surface of the labium and form a characteristic pattern in various species. The main characters of the third visible (apical) segment of the labium are: presence of different sized sensilla of the chaetica type 1, 2, and 3; trichodea sensilla (TS); campaniform sensilla (CS); and various types of nonporous pit peg sensilla (NPPS1, NPPS2, and NPPS3). Distally on the apical segment of the labium dome-elongated sensilla (UDES) there are a characteristic arrangements, described as (3+3) and (1+2). Chemical sensilla are grouped on the tip of the labium. The position, number, and types of chemical sensilla on this area are very similar in all studied species.

scholarly journals Role of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic-reticulum Ca2+-ATPases in mediating Ca2+ waves and local Ca2+-release microdomains in cultured glia

1997 ◽  
Vol 325 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. SIMPSON ◽  
James T. RUSSELL
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Cyclopiazonic Acid ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Multiple Domains ◽  
Slow Onset

We have characterized the sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pumps in cultured rat cortical type-1 astrocytes, type-2 astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Perfusion with 10 μM cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) or 1 μM thapsigargin evoked a large and persistent elevation in cytosolic [Ca2+] in normal Ca2+-containing medium and a small and transient increase in nominally Ca2+-free medium. Subtraction of the response in Ca2+-free medium from that in the control revealed a slow-onset Ca2+-entry response to SERCA inhibition, which began after most of the store depletion had occurred. Thapsigargin- and CPA-induced responses propagated as Ca2+ waves, which began in several distinct cellular sites and travelled throughout the cell and through nearby cells, in confluent cultures. Propagation was supported by specialized Ca2+-release sites where the amplitude of the response was significantly higher and the rate of rise steeper. Such higher Ca2+-release kinetics were observed at these sites during Ins(1,4,5)P3-mediated Ca2+ waves in the same cells. Fluorescently tagged thapsigargin labelled SERCA pumps throughout glial cell bodies and processes. In oligodendrocyte processes, multiple domains with elevated SERCA staining were always associated with mitochondria. Our results are consistent with a model in which only a single Ca2+ store, expressing Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptors and SERCAs sensitive to both thapsigargin and CPA, is present in rat cortical glia, and indicate that inhibition of SERCA activates both Ca2+ release as a wavefront and Ca2+ entry via store-operated channels. The spatial relationship between SERCAs and mitochondria is likely to be important for regulating microdomains of elevated Ca2+-release kinetics.

scholarly journals AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF MATURE AND DIFFERENTIATING PANETH CELLS IN THE RAT, ESPECIALLY OF THEIR ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM AND LYSOSOMES

1964 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Behnke ◽  
H. Moe
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Golgi Complex ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Paneth Cells ◽  
Mature Cell ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Perinuclear Space

In an electron microsope study, the morphology of mature Paneth cells from the small intestine of adult rats is compared with that of differentiating Paneth cells from young rats 2 to 4 weeks old. All mature cells exhibit a marked polarity similar to that of other exocrine gland cells and contain a well developed endoplasmic reticulum, an elaborate Golgi complex, and numerous large secretory granules; they also possess an abundance of lysosomes. The most conspicuous occurrence in the process of differentiation is the development of the endoplasmic reticulum. The most immature Paneth cells possess an endoplasmic reticulum of the vesicular type, which, during maturation, is replaced by the characteristic lamellated ergastoplasm of the mature cell. At a certain stage of differentiation the cavities of the developing cisternae show numerous communications with the perinuclear space, suggesting an outgrowth of the ergastoplasm from the nuclear envelope. Furthermore, the cavities and the perinuclear space at this particular stage contain a material which shows a remarkable intrinsic periodicity. An identical periodicity was exhibited by material contained in Golgi cisternae and secretory granules. Lysosomes are also present in the differentiating cells.

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