Seasonal occurrence and maturation of Triaenophorus nodulosus (Pallas, 1781) (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) in the Pike Esox lucius L. of Llyn Tegid

1. An account is given of the seasonal occurrence and maturation of Triaenophorus nodulosus, based on the examination of the worms from 104 pike taken in Llyn Tegid from December 1957 to October 1959.2. The plerocercoids of T. nodulosus were found in the livers of the perch of Llyn Tegid. Infective plerocercoids were found throughout the year, and it is considered that invasion of the pike, also, occurred throughout the year.3. The annual cycle of maturation of T. nodulosus described by other workers is confirmed. Currently, five arbitrary stages of maturity were recognized, and the incidence of each of these stages during each month of the investigation is given. During June to September the worms were of plerocercoid-form, from October to December genital development occurred and the first eggs were observed in the uteri in December. Egg liberation was at a peak from April to May, and by June the population of matured worms was lost.4. A non-linear relationship was found between the length of the pike and the numbers of worms occurring in the intestines of these fish. This phenomenon was related to the feeding habits of the pike; the medium-sized most heavily infected pike were eating the largest number of the perch containing the plerocercoids.5. It was found that although invasion of the pike by plerocercoids of T. nodulosus occurred throughout the year, there was no increase in the numbers of worms in the pike intestines, to a maximum, at any time of the year, rather there was a more or less constant number of worms in pike of given length at all times of the year. It is suggested, therefore, that a dynamic equilibrium exists between gain of plerocercoids and loss of worms from the pike intestines at all times.6. Factors affecting the change from plerocercoid to a mature worm are discussed. It is suggested that an experimental approach is needed.I am grateful to the Welsh Land and Agricultural Sub-Commission for permission to net Llyn Tegid, and to Captain G. H. A. Boyle of the Sub-Commission for his help in the capture of the pike. I also wish to thank Professor R. J. Pumphrey in whose Department this work was carried out, Dr P. M. Sheppard for statistical analyses, Dr J. W. Jones and Mr S. Prudhoe (British Museum, Natural History) for discussion of the manuscript. The work was carried out during the tenure of a Department of Scientific and Industrial Research studentship.