Dietary protein and zinc restrictions independently modify a Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda) infection in mice

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. BOULAY ◽  
M. E. SCOTT ◽  
S. L. CONLY ◽  
M. M. STEVENSON ◽  
K. G. KOSKI
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Challenge Infection ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Marginal Zinc Deficiency

The effects of dietary protein and zinc restrictions on Heligmosomoides polygyrus were compared following primary and challenge infection in female BALB/c mice fed either control (24%), marginal (7%) or low (3%) protein combined with either high or low zinc (60 or 3 mg Zn/kg diet). Dietary protein restriction (3%) resulted in significantly lower body weight gain. As well, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) significantly decreased with decreasing dietary protein level. However, neither plasma albumin concentration nor relative thymus or spleen weights were reduced. Marginal zinc deficiency was confirmed by significantly lower tibia and liver zinc concentration, but food intake, body weight gain, relative thymus and spleen weights, and alkaline phosphatase activity were not altered. On day 29 post-primary infection, worm burdens were significantly higher in mice fed either marginal or low protein and in mice fed a low zinc diet, while parasite egg output was significantly higher in mice fed both low protein and low zinc diets. Immune status was compromised in mice fed low protein (significantly lower serum IgG1 and lower eosinophilia), and in mice fed low zinc diet (significantly lower eosinophilia). Early in the infection, IgE titres were elevated in mice fed low protein or low zinc, but IgE titres declined to levels lower than the control diet groups after 14–21 days. On day 29 post-challenge infection, worm burdens and parasite egg output were significantly higher in mice fed low protein, whereas the other groups had expelled almost all parasites. Dietary restriction had no effect on serum IgE. Significantly reduced serum IgG1 titres and eosinophilia in mice fed 3% protein supported the view that low dietary protein but not low zinc increased host susceptibility to H. polygyrus by compromising host immune function following reinfection in immunized mice.

scholarly journals Short-Term High-Starch, Low-Protein Diet Induces Reversible Increase in β-cell Mass Independent of Body Weight Gain in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Masuda ◽  
Yusuke Seino ◽  
Masatoshi Murase ◽  
Shihomi Hidaka ◽  
Megumi Shibata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
High Starch

Long-term exposure to a high starch, low-protein diet (HSTD) induces body weight gain and hyperinsulinemia concomitantly with an increase in β-cell mass (BCM) and pancreatic islets number in mice; however, the effect of short-term exposure to HSTD on BCM and islet number has not been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated changes in body weight, plasma insulin levels, BCM and islet number in mice fed HSTD for 5 weeks followed by normal chow (NC) for 2 weeks. BCM and islet number were increased in mice fed HSTD for 5 weeks compared with those in mice fed NC. On the other hand, mice fed HSTD for 5 weeks followed by NC for 2 weeks (SN) showed decreased BCM and insulin levels, compared to mice fed HSTD for 7 weeks, and no significant differences in these parameters were observed between SN and the control NC at 7 weeks. No significant difference in body weight was observed among HSTD, NC and SN fed groups. These results suggest that a high-starch diet induces an increase in BCM in a manner independent of body weight gain, and that 2 weeks of NC feeding is sufficient for the reversal of the morphological changes induced in islets by HSTD feeding.

scholarly journals Usage of Moringa olifera seed cake as food for Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings.

2018 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Abdel Raheam H. A. A. El-Bassir
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Seed Cake

The study was conducted to determine the suitability of Moringa olifera seed cake as a protein source for Oreochromis niloticus fry. It is concluded that Moringa olifera seed cake can be used as a dietary protein in Nile tilapia fry without significant reduction in growth performance. The body weight gain ranged from 50.91 to 85.17 gm within three weeks. Fry fed a mixture of Moringa olifera seed cake and wheat bran (1:1) had better growth performance than those on wheat bran only.

The effect of diet on some parameters measured in toxicological studies in the rat

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. L. Clapp
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Alanine Transaminase ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Transaminase Activity ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Toxicological Studies

The bodyweight, food consumption and various biochemical and haematological parameters were measured in, and breeding and histological studies made of, groups of rats fed 6 different diets. All diets acceptably supported reproduction. 1 diet restricted body weight gain by 30%, and increased plasma alanine transaminase activity. Nephrocalcinosis was seen in females fed diets with a calcium: phosphorous ratio of <1. Levels of dietary protein were positively correlated with the incidence of renal pelvic dilatation in offspring at 7 weeks of age.

Effect of microbial proteases on the performance and carcass traits in commercial broilers fed maize-soy bean meal -meat cum bone meal based diets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Srilatha ◽  
V. Ravinder Reddy ◽  
V. Chinni Preetam ◽  
S. V. Rama Rao ◽  
Y. Ramana Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alkaline Proteases ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Low Protein

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effective combinations of proteases (acid, neutral and alkaline) and their concentrations on performance and carcass traits in commercial broilers fed on diets containing sub-optimal protein levels. A total of 320 broilers were used in completely randomized design with eight treatments with eight replicates in each treatment and 5chicks in each replicate. Maize-soybean meal (CD) and maize-soybean-meat cum bone meal (BD) based diets were formulated to contain 23, 21 and 19.5% crude protein (CP) and 19.5,18 and 17.5% CP, respectively during pre-starter (1-11 d), starter (12-28d) and finisher (29-42d) phases. All the diets were fed adlibitum from 1d to 42 d of age. The low protein BD were supplemented with two different combinations of proteases (1:1:1 and 2:1:1 acidic, neutral and alkaline proteases, respectively) with total activity of 2000, 4000 and 6000u/kg.The results revealed that the broilers fed CD had significantly higher body weight gain compared to those fed BD. Supplementation of proteases to the BD significantly (P LESS THAN 0.05) improved the body weight gain and feed efficiency during 21 d of age, but not during the latter phase ( 42 d of age) of growth. The broilers fed on CD had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher ready to cook and breast yields compared to those fed the BD or BD with protease supplementation. The relative weight of abdominal fat was significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced in broilers fed BD with 1:1:1 (acidic, neutral and alkaline proteases) at 4000 u protease / kg diet as compared to BD. It is suggested that addition of proteases to low protein diets had a significant positive effect in young chicken fed on maize-soybean meal and -meat and bone meal based diets.

COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF SUCROSE AND CORNSTARCH IN LOW-PROTEIN DIETS FED TO RATS EXPOSED TO COLD

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249
Author(s):  
J. R. Beaton ◽  
J. F. Sangster
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Starch Diet

Young male rats were fed one of three low-protein (5% casein) diets differing in the source of carbohydrate (sucrose, equal parts sucrose and cornstarch, or cornstarch) or a 20% casein (sucrose) diet at environmental temperatures of 24 °C or 5 °C. Replacement of sucrose with starch appeared to have a small but significant effect in increasing body weight gain for 15 days (but not the next 28 days) at 24 °C and also in animals exposed to cold for 28 days after a 15-day feeding period at 24 °C. In disagreement with results reported by Andik et al., cold exposure, although significantly increasing body weight gain and food intake in rats fed the 5% casein – starch diet, did not elicit a weight gain as great as that observed in 20% casein-fed animals at either 24 °C or 5 °C. The 24-hour food intake following a 24-hour fast exceeded the intake on the day before fasting on all diets for animals maintained at 5 °C but not 24 °C. The immediate ([Formula: see text] hour) and 24-hour food intakes of rats at 5 °C exceeded those of comparable dietary groups at 24 °C. At 5 °C, the 24-hour food intake, following the fast, of rats fed the 5% casein – starch diet exceeded that of the 20% casein-fed controls.

scholarly journals Meat production of young and adult Kejobong goats fed diets with different protein concentration

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Nuning Ari Purnami ◽  
Endang Purbowati ◽  
Edy Rianto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein

This study was aimed to examine the effect of dietary crude protein (CP) concentration on carcass and meat production in young and adult Kejobong goats. This study used 8 young (5 months) and 8 adult (9 months) Kejobong goats; which were allocated to a randomized nested design, with an age of goat as the nest, and treatment applied was dietary protein concentration (T1: 9.96%; T2: 14.66%). The parameters observed were dry matter intake (DMI), CP intake (CPI), body weight gain (BWG), and the production of carcass meat. The results showed that the DMI of adult goats (910 g/d) was higher (P<0.05) than that of young goats (680 g/d). The goats fed diet T2 had higher (P<0.05) DMI, CPI, and BWG (855 g, 140 g, and 94 g/d, respectively) than those of T1 (725 g/d, 80 g/d, and 59 g/d). Slaughter weight, carcass weight and carcass meat weight, and carcass meat percentage of adult goats (28.09 kg, 13.19 kg, 8.60 kg and 64.94%, respectively) were higher (P <0.05) than those of young goats (20.06 kg, 8.72 kg, 5.46 kg, and 62.06%, respectively). The weight and percentage of carcass meat of T2 (8.30 kg and 64.99%, respectively) were higher (P<0.05) than those of T1 (5.75 kg and 62.06%, respectively). The meat-bone ratio of adult goats was higher (P<0.05) than that of young goats (3.53 vs 2.85). The meat-bone ratio of T2 (3.58) was higher (P<0.05) than that of T1 (2.80). It was concluded that adult Kejobong goats produced more meat than the young ones, and the goat-fed diet with 14.66% CP produced more meat than that with 9.96% CP.

scholarly journals LOW PROTEIN STARTING DIETS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON SUBSEQUENT PULLET PERFORMANCE

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. SUMMERS ◽  
W. F. PEPPER ◽  
E. T. MORAN Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Leghorn-type pullets were fed 14 and 20% protein corn–soya diets to 8 weeks of age. The birds on the low protein diet were significantly smaller and consumed less feed than the higher protein-fed birds. At 20 weeks of age pullets fed the low protein starting diet were still significantly smaller than the 20% protein-fed chicks even though similar diets were fed during the growing period. A corn–feathermeal diet resulted in reduced feed intake and body weight gain when fed ad libitum from 8 to 24 weeks as compared with dietary treatments. None of the starting or growing treatments had any effect on hen house performance except for a reduced body weight of those pullets fed the feathermeal diet. The data suggest that a low protein starting diet, followed by a corn–feathermeal (amino acid imbalanced) diet can be fed ad libitum and still achieve reduced weight gain and delayed sexual maturity without any adverse effect on hen house performance.

COMPARISON OF NIGERIAN YELLOW CORN, GUINEA CORN (SORGHUM) AND PEANUT MEAL (GROUNDNUT CAKE) WITH CANADIAN CORN AND SOYBEAN MEAL

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-228
Author(s):  
E. J. OROK ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Yellow Corn

Three Nigerian foodstuffs, yellow corn (maize) C(Nig), guinea corn (sorghum) GC, and peanut meal (groundnut cake) PNM were evaluated chemically and biologically in comparison with Canadian yellow corn C(Can) and Canadian soybean meal SBM. Treatments consisted of seven isocaloric (3,600 kcal digestible energy/kg) diets based on combinations of the cereals and protein supplements upon which were superimposed three (20, 16 and 12%) protein levels. Diets were fed to weanling Sprague-Dawley rats for an experimental period of 4 wk. Chemical analyses revealed expected differences in crude protein, fat and amino acids between PNM and SBM. Other than in arginine and phenylalanine, PNM contained fewer essential amino acids than SBM. PNM-supplemented diets resulted in more carcass fat and less carcass lean than SBM-supplemented ones. Although there were no obvious differences in the protein and amino acid composition of the three cereals, there were interactions between these energy sources and the protein supplements. SBM gave its best performance with GC and PNM gave its best performance with C(Can). Supplementation of C(Can)–PNM diet with DL-methionine and L-lysine did not significantly improve gains. Dietary protein level showed an inverse relationship (P < 0.01) to protein and energy digestibilities expressed as percentages, although daily N retention was positively related to dietary protein level. Liveweight gain and empty body weight gain did not give equivalent relative performance to that of dry matter empty body weight gain.

Reduced serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in protein-restricted growing rats are accompanied by reduced IGF-I mRNA levels in liver and skeletal muscle

1991 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. VandeHaar ◽  
B. M. Moats-Staats ◽  
M. L. Davenport ◽  
J. L. Walker ◽  
J.-M. Ketelslegers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Igf I

ABSTRACT The serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is reduced in growing rats fed a low-protein diet, and this decrease is age-dependent, being more pronounced in younger animals. To determine whether this decrease in serum IGF-I is related to a decrease in IGF-I mRNA, growing female rats were given free access to either a 15% protein-sufficient or a 5% protein-deficient diet for 1 week. Protein restriction in 4-week-old rats decreased body weight gain by 44% (P < 0·001) compared with 4-week controls), serum IGF-I concentration by 67% (P < 0·001) and liver IGF-I mRNA abundance by 51% (P < 0·001). During week 6, protein restriction for 1 week resulted in a 20% increase in food intake with no change in weight gain, a 38% reduction in serum IGF-I (P < 0·001 compared with 6-week controls) and a 39% decrease in liver IGF-I mRNA (P < 0·001). The serum IGF-I concentration was highly correlated (r = 0·80; P < 0·001) with the hepatic IGF-I mRNA concentration. Skeletal muscle IGF-I mRNA abundance was also decreased significantly by protein restriction (37% at week 4, P<0·001, and 24% at week 6, P < 0·01) and was closely correlated (r = 0·71; P < 0·001) with body weight gain. Liver GH-binding protein and GH receptor mRNA abundance were reduced by 1 week of protein deprivation at week 6 but not at week 4. We conclude that the reduced serum IGF-I of young rats fed a low-protein diet is due, in part, to reduced liver IGF-I mRNA, and that these changes are not dependent on GH binding. Decreased skeletal muscle IGF-I mRNA during protein restriction is consistent with an autocrine/paracrine action of IGF-I in muscle. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 130, 305–312

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