scholarly journals Neuropsychological dysfunction in depression: the relationship to regional cerebral blood flow

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Dolan ◽  
C. J. Bench ◽  
R. G. Brown ◽  
L. C. Scott ◽  
R. S. J. Frackowiak
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Neuropsychological Dysfunction ◽  
The Relationship

SynopsisThe relationship between neuropsychological test performance and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was examined in 29 patients meeting Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for major depression. Following a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment two subsets of tests, comprising tests that discriminated between patients and controls or between patients with varying degrees of global cognitive impairment, were selected. These subtests were entered into a principal components analysis (PCA) which generated a two-factor solution, accounting for 50% of the overall variance in test scores. Individual patient loadings on each of these factors were subsequently correlated with regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), as measured by positron emission tomography (PET). Both factors demonstrated significant correlations with rCBF in the medial prefrontal cortex and frontal polar cortex while for each factor there were also unique patterns of correlations with posterior brain regions. The findings provide additional evidence that neuropsychological deficits in depression are associated with abnormalities in regional brain function and in particular with the function of the medial prefrontal cortex.

scholarly journals Effects of β-Lactolin on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow within the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex during Working Memory Task in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
Yasuhisa Ano ◽  
Masahiro Kita ◽  
Keiko Kobayashi ◽  
Takashi Koikeda ◽  
Ryuta Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Total Hemoglobin ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Epidemiological studies have reported that consumption of dairy products rich in β-lactolin is beneficial for cognitive decline among elderly individuals. Although previous studies have shown that β-lactolin supplementation improves memory function and attention in healthy adults, the mechanism through which β-lactolin affects human brain function has yet to be elucidated. This placebo-controlled randomized double-blind study therefore examined the effects of β-lactolin on human regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines. A total of 114 healthy participants aged between 50 and 75 years with relatively low cognition were randomly allocated into the β-lactolin or placebo groups (n = 57 for both groups) and received supplementation for 6 weeks. After the 6 weeks of supplementation, total hemoglobin during cognitive tasks (Kraepelin and 2-back tasks) was measured using two-channel NIRS to determine rCBF. Accordingly, the β-lactolin group had significantly higher changes in total hemoglobin at the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) area measured using the left-side channel during the 2-back tasks (p = 0.027) compared to the placebo group. The present study suggests that β-lactolin supplementation increases rCBF and DLPFC activity during working memory tasks.

Effects of temperature and anoxia on regional cerebral blood flow in turtles

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (3) ◽  
pp. R538-R541
Author(s):  
P. E. Bickler
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrogen Clearance

Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured in isoflurane-anesthetized turtles (Pseudemys scripta) by the hydrogen clearance method. Teflon-coated platinum electrodes (25 microns) were implanted in the olfactory bulbs, midcerebral cortex and cerebellum in eight adult turtles. The electrodes were voltage clamped at +0.30 V relative to a Ag-AgCl electrode implanted in the dorsal neck muscles. Washout kinetics of H2 gas administered via controlled ventilation was used to calculate local blood flow for electrodes exhibiting monoexponential washout kinetics of hydrogen (92 of 104 determinations). Data were obtained in animals with body temperatures of 15, 25, and 35 degrees C under normocapnic conditions during ventilation with 21% O2 and during ventilation with 100% N2. During normoxia, mean blood flows were 1.9 +/- 0.8, 5.0 +/- 1.9, and 6.1 +/- 1.3 (+/- SD) ml.100 g-1.min-1 at 15, 25, and 35 degrees C, respectively. There were no differences between CBF values in the different brain regions. During 1-3 h of anoxia, CBF was 3.0 +/- 2.1, 7.0 +/- 3.7, and 6.6 +/- 2.9 ml.100 g-1.min-1 at 15, 25, and 35 degrees C, respectively (normoxia-anoxia difference not statistically different). Hypercarbia (ventilation with 10-20% CO2 in air or N2), or the transition from anoxia to normoxia, increased CBF up to 80% at each of these temperatures. Maintenance of CBF during anoxia likely contributes to the anoxia tolerance of the turtle brain.

The relationship of regional cerebral blood flow with subtypes of major depression

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas N. Fountoulakis ◽  
Apostolos Iacovides ◽  
George Gerasimou ◽  
Fotis Fotiou ◽  
Christina Ioannidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Effects of tDCS Dose and Electrode Montage on regional cerebral blood flow and motor behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anant Shinde ◽  
Karl Lerud ◽  
Fanny Munsch ◽  
David C Alsop ◽  
Gottfried Schlaug
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Motor Region ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sequence Performance

AbstractWe used three dose levels (Sham, 2mA and 4mA) and two different electrode montages (unihemispheric or bihemispheric) to examine DOSE and MONTAGE effects on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) as a surrogate marker of neural activity, and on a finger sequence task, as a surrogate behavioral measure drawing on brain regions targeted by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). We placed the anodal electrode over the right motor region (C4) while the cathodal or return electrode was placed either over a left supraorbital region (unihemispheric montage) or over the left motor region (C3 in the bihemispheric montage). Performance changes in the finger sequence task for both hands (left hand: p = 0.0026, and right hand: p = 0.0002) showed a linear tDCS dose response, but no effect of montage. rCBF in the the right hemispheric perirolandic area increased with dose under the anodal electrode (p = 0.027), while in the perirolandic ROI in the left hemisphere, rCBF showed a trend to increase with dose (p = 0.053), and significant effect of montage (p = 0.00004). The bihemispheric montage showed additional rCBF increases in frontomesial regions in the 4mA condition but not in the 2mA condition. Furthermore, we found correlations between rCBF changes in the right perirolandic region and improvements in the finger sequence task performance (FSP) for left and right hand. Our data support not only a strong direct tDCS dose effect for rCBF and FSP as surrogate measures of targeted brain regions, but also indirect effects on rCBF in functionally connected regions (e.g., frontomesial regions), particularly in the higher dose condition, and on FSP of the ipsilateral hand (to the anodal electrode). At higher dose and irrespective of polarity, a wider network of sensorimotor regions is positively affected by tDCS.Graphical AbstractHighlightstDCS-DOSE had linear effect on finger sequence performance for both handsrCBF changes in both perirolandic ROIs demonstrated tDCS-DOSE effects and left perirolandic ROI demonstrated tDCS-MONTAGE effects.Simulated current intensity in the left and right perirolandic ROI strongly correlated with the contralateral hand’s finger sequence performance.tDCS-Tolerability scores did not correlate with change in rCBF or finger sequence performance of the left hand.

scholarly journals Effects of route of administration on oxytocin-induced changes in regional cerebral blood flow in humans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Martins ◽  
N. Mazibuko ◽  
F. Zelaya ◽  
S. Vasilakopoulou ◽  
J. Loveridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Intranasal Route ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Robust Evidence

ABSTRACTCould nose-to-brain pathways mediate the effects of peptides such as oxytocin (OT) on brain physiology when delivered intranasally? We address this question by contrasting two methods of intranasal administration (a standard nasal spray, and a nebulizer expected to improve OT deposition in nasal areas putatively involved in direct nose-to-brain transport) to intravenous administration in terms of effects on regional cerebral blood flow during two hours post-dosing. We demonstrate that OT-induced decreases in amygdala perfusion, a key hub of the OT central circuitry, are explained entirely by OT increases in systemic circulation following both intranasal and intravenous OT administration. Yet we also provide robust evidence confirming the validity of the intranasal route to target specific brain regions. Our work has important translational implications and demonstrates the need to carefully consider the method of administration in our efforts to engage specific central oxytocinergic targets for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.

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