The role of negative emotionality and impulsivity in depressive/anxiety disorders and alcohol dependence

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1241-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Boschloo ◽  
N. Vogelzangs ◽  
W. van den Brink ◽  
J. H. Smit ◽  
A. T. F. Beekman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Homogeneous Dimension ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Dependence Result

BackgroundMuch is still unclear about the role of personality in the structure of common psychiatric disorders such as depressive/anxiety disorders and alcohol dependence. This study will therefore examine whether various traits of negative emotionality and impulsivity showed shared or specific associations with these disorders.MethodCross-sectional data were used from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA), including individuals with no DSM-IV psychiatric disorder (n = 460), depressive/anxiety disorder only (i.e. depressive and/or anxiety disorder; n = 1398), alcohol dependence only (n = 32) and co-morbid depressive/anxiety disorder plus alcohol dependence (n = 358). Aspects of negative emotionality were neuroticism, hopelessness, rumination, worry and anxiety sensitivity, whereas aspects of impulsivity included disinhibition, thrill/adventure seeking, experience seeking and boredom susceptibility.ResultsAspects of negative emotionality formed a homogeneous dimension, which was unrelated to the more heterogeneous construct of impulsivity. Although all aspects of negative emotionality were associated with alcohol dependence only, associations were much stronger for depressive/anxiety disorder only and co-morbid depressive/anxiety disorder with alcohol dependence. The results for impulsivity traits were less profound and more variable, with disinhibition and boredom susceptibility showing modest associations with both depressive/anxiety disorder and alcohol dependence, whereas low thrill/adventure seeking and high disinhibition were more strongly related with the first and the latter, respectively.ConclusionsOur results suggest that depressive/anxiety disorder and alcohol dependence result from shared as well as specific aetiological pathways as they showed the same associations with all aspects of negative emotionality, disinhibition and boredom susceptibility as well as specific associations with thrill/adventure seeking and disinhibition.

scholarly journals Psychiatric Comorbidities in Patients with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome in a Tertiary Care Center: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaskkar Sharma ◽  
Anup Devkota ◽  
Suresh Chandra Pant
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Introduction: The co-occurence of substance abuse and mental illness is well known. Alcoholics are reported to be three times more likely to suffer from another psychiatric disorder. This study aims to observe the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity in alcohol dependent patients in our setup. Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional observational study conducted over a period of three months. Consecutive patients presenting to the out-patient section of Psychiatric department who met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for alcohol dependence were included in the study. They were interviewed using Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR (SCID I&II) to assess for comorbidity. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS TM) software. Mann Whitney U test and Chi square or Fisher's Exact tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 31 patients enrolled, 14 (45.16%) had psychiatric comorbid conditions all of which were Axis I disorders. Anxiety disorder (35.71%) was the most frequent associated disorder followed by depressive disorder (28.57%). The alcohol dependent patients with comorbidity was significantly younger (mean age=35.71±13.60 years) in comparison to those without comorbidity (mean age=42.59±11.15 years). Other socio-demographic parameters were comparable between the two groups. Patients with history of past psychiatric illness and medication were less likely to have comorbidity, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Psychiatric comorbidity is common in alcohol dependent people. Anxiety disorder and depression were more prevalent entities. Those with past illness and medications were less likely to have comorbidities.

scholarly journals Spectrum of Anxiety Disorders Among Medical Students in a Nigerian Medical School: A Cross-Sectional Study With Standardized Screening Tools

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
A. T. Chinawa ◽  
J. M. Chinawa ◽  
E. Aniwada ◽  
Oge Amadi ◽  
A. C. Ndukuba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
P Value ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

BACKGROUND: Anxiety disorders among medical students constitute a global problem, and also reflect the mental state of the general population. There is paucity of data on the spectrum of such disorders among medical students in Nigeria.AIM: The study aims to determine the prevalence of anxiety disorders among medical students, and the effect of socio-demographic characteristics.METHODS: A total of 217 medical students from the second to the final years of study at Enugu State University of Science and Technology in south-east Nigeria were enrolled by simple random sampling. Five pretested, self- administered standardized questionnaires were used as screening tools for anxiety disorders. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program (SPSS version 20). A p-value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.RESULTS: Thirty one (14.3%) of the enrolled medical students fulfilled the screening criteria for anxiety disorders. Specifically, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was significantly related to gender (p =0.017) and the year of study (p =0.017). Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was significantly related to the year of study (p =0.037), and social anxiety disorder (SAD) to the year of study (p =0.003) and gender (p =0.04). Similarly, panic disorder was significantly related to the year of study (p =0.025) while specific phobia was significantly associated with marital status (p =0.003), parental monthly income (p =0.022) and student’s monthly allowance (p =0.002). Finally, obsessive-compulsive disorder was significantly related to marital status (p =0.034) and year of study (p =0.028).CONCLUSION: Medical students in Nigeria are prone to a spectrum of anxiety disorders. This susceptibility is influenced by socio-demographic characteristics.

scholarly journals The role of Tai Chi Chuan exercise on osteoporosis prevention and treatment in postmenopausal women

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Haiyan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Osteoporosis Prevention ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tai Chi Chuan

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by fragile bones and high susceptibility to low trauma fractures. Tai Chi, an ancient Chinese mind-body exercise that is reported to enhance muscle function, balance and flexibility, and to reduce pain, depression and anxiety, may safely and effectively be used to prevent or treat osteoporosis. The aim of this review is to evaluate the evidence for Tai Chi as an intervention to reduce rate of bone loss in postmenopausal women. A literature search on randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies that included Tai Chi as an intervention, and had at least 1 outcome related to measurement of bone metabolism were identified in PubMed/Medline. Twenty-one controlled studies were identified in the database, which suggested Tai Chi slowed down the loss of bone mineral density in most postmenopausal women, improved balance and strength, relieves pain from arthritis, and improved mental strength so they can cope better with chronic diseases. Regular Tai Chi Chuan exercise is beneficial for retarding bone loss in the weight-bearing bones of postmenopausal women.

Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray B. Stein ◽  
Meghan E. Keough ◽  
Peter P. Roy-Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Dsm Iv

The anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and trauma- and stressor-related disorders are, together, the most common class of mental disorders. From a systematic review of prevalence studies across 44 countries, the global current prevalence for the DSM IV anxiety disorders was estimated at 7.3% (95% CI 4.8%–10.9%), suggesting that one in 14 people around the world at any given time has an anxiety disorder. Women are approximately twice as likely as men to have an anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders are a substantial contributor to the heavy burden of disease conveyed by mental and substance use disorders worldwide, where they are second only to depressive disorders in years-lost-to-disabilility.

scholarly journals Affect fluctuations examined with ecological momentary assessment in patients with current or remitted depression and anxiety disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Schoevers ◽  
C. D. van Borkulo ◽  
F. Lamers ◽  
M.N. Servaas ◽  
J. A. Bastiaansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Remitted Depression ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Ema Data ◽  
Momentary Assessment ◽  
A Current

Abstract Background There is increasing interest in day-to-day affect fluctuations of patients with depressive and anxiety disorders. Few studies have compared repeated assessments of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) across diagnostic groups, and fluctuation patterns were not uniformly defined. The aim of this study is to compare affect fluctuations in patients with a current episode of depressive or anxiety disorder, in remitted patients and in controls, using affect instability as a core concept but also describing other measures of variability and adjusting for possible confounders. Methods Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data were obtained from 365 participants of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety with current (n = 95), remitted (n = 178) or no (n = 92) DSM-IV defined depression/anxiety disorder. For 2 weeks, five times per day, participants filled-out items on PA and NA. Affect instability was calculated as the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD). Tests on group differences in RMSSD, within-person variance, and autocorrelation were performed, controlling for mean affect levels. Results Current depression/anxiety patients had the highest affect instability in both PA and NA, followed by remitters and then controls. Instability differences between groups remained significant when controlling for mean affect levels, but differences between current and remitted were no longer significant. Conclusions Patients with a current disorder have higher instability of NA and PA than remitted patients and controls. Especially with regard to NA, this could be interpreted as patients with a current disorder being more sensitive to internal and external stressors and having suboptimal affect regulation.

scholarly journals Anxiety in Children with Selective Mutism: A Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Driessen ◽  
Jan Dirk Blom ◽  
Peter Muris ◽  
Roger K. Blashfield ◽  
Marc L. Molendijk
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Selective Mutism ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Abstract This study evaluates the current conceptualization of selective mutism (SM) as an anxiety disorder in the DSM-5 using a meta-analytic approach. In the absence of any systematic assessment of anxiety in the field of SM, we pooled prevalence data of comorbid anxiety disorders in a random-effects meta-analysis. On the basis of 22 eligible studies (N = 837), we found that 80% of the children with SM were diagnosed with an additional anxiety disorder, notably social phobia (69%). However, considerable heterogeneity was present, which remained unexplained by a priori specified moderators. The finding that SM is often diagnosed in combination with anxiety disorders, indicates that these disorders are not discrete, separable categories. Moreover, this finding does not help to elucidate the relation between SM and anxiety as an etiological mechanism or symptomatic feature. Broadening our research strategies regarding the assessment of anxiety is paramount to clarify the role of anxiety in SM, and allow for proper classification.

scholarly journals The development of the visual screening tool for anxiety disorders and depression: Addressing barriers to screening for depression and anxiety disorders in hypertension and/or diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zimbini Ogle ◽  
Liezl Koen ◽  
Dana J.H. Niehaus
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visual Screening

Background: There is a lack of screening tools for common mental disorders that can be applied across cultures, languages and levels of education in people with diabetes and hypertension. Aim: To develop a visual screening tool for depression and anxiety disorders that is applicable across cultures and levels of education. Setting: Participants were purposively recruited from two not-for-profit organisations and two public health facilities – a maternal mental health unit and a primary health care centre. Method: This was a qualitative cross-sectional study. Thirteen drawings based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale depicting symptoms of anxiety disorders and depression were drawn. Participants described emotions and thoughts depicted in the drawings. Data were analysed through content analysis. Results: Thirty-one women (66%) and 16 men (34%) participated in the development of the visual screening tool. The mean age was 34 (standard deviation [SD] 12.46). There were 32 (68%) black participants, 11 (23%) mixed race participants and 4 (9%) white participants. Two participants (4%) had no schooling, 14 (31%) primary schooling, 8 (18%) senior schooling, 13 (29%) matric qualification and 8 (18%) had post-matric qualification. Participants correctly described 10 out of the 13 visual depiction of symptoms as associated with depression and anxiety disorders, with no differences between levels of education and cultural groups. Conclusion: Ten drawings were appropriate for inclusion in the visual screening tool for anxiety disorders and depression (VISTAD). The VISTAD will be validated against the mini international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI) in a primary care population with hypertension and/or diabetes.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and mental health: Anxiety disorders among immigrants due to COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea

2021 ◽  
pp. 009121742110426
Author(s):  
Shiva Raj Acharya ◽  
Deog Hwan Moon ◽  
Jin Ho Chun ◽  
Yong Chul Shin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Severe Anxiety

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has affected various facets of health. While mental health became a major concern during the COVID-19 outbreak, the impact on the migrants’ mental health has still been neglected. The purpose of this study was to examine the COVID-19 outbreak's impact on the mental health of immigrants in South Korea. Methods A total number of 386 immigrants in South Korea participated in this quantitative cross-sectional study. The standardized e-questionnaire, including the General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, was used to measure the anxiety level. Logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the determinants of anxiety disorders among immigrants. Results The prevalence of severe anxiety among immigrants was found to be 47.2%. Female immigrants (28.6%) had a lower anxiety disorder than males (71.4%). Immigrants who were married, living alone, had a low income, had a history of health problems were suffered from moderate to severe anxiety. Immigrants who were unemployed (OR 2.302, 95% CI = 1.353–3.917) and lost their jobs due to the COVID-19 outbreak (OR 2.197, 95% CI = 1.312–3.678) have a higher anxiety disorder. Immigrants aged over 30 years were found to suffer from a high level of anxiety (OR 2.285, 95% CI = 1.184–4.410). Relief support from the government was significantly associated with anxiety disorder among immigrants (p < 0.01, OR = 3.151, 95% CI = 1.962–5.061). Conclusion With very limited studies on immigrants’ mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper provides scientific research evidence of the COVID-19 outbreak's impact on the mental health of migrants. Our study has consequences for implementing integrated psychological interventions and health promotion strategies for the well-being of immigrants’ mental health.

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