Inflammatory markers are altered in severe mental disorders independent of comorbid cardiometabolic disease risk factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1749-1757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragni H. Mørch ◽  
Ingrid Dieset ◽  
Ann Færden ◽  
Elina J. Reponen ◽  
Sigrun Hope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Psychotropic Medication ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders

AbstractBackgroundInflammation and immune activation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of severe mental disorders and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite high level of comorbidity, many studies of the immune system in severe mental disorders have not systematically taken cardiometabolic risk factors into account.MethodsWe investigated if inflammatory markers were increased in schizophrenia (SCZ) and affective (AFF) disorders independently of comorbid CVD risk factors. Cardiometabolic risk factors (blood lipids, body mass index and glucose) and CVD-related inflammatory markers CXCL16, soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), soluble CD14 (sCD14), macrophage inhibitory factor and activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) were measured inn= 992 patients (SCZ, AFF), andn= 647 healthy controls. We analyzed the inflammatory markers before and after controlling for comorbid cardiometabolic risk factors, and tested for association with psychotropic medication and symptom levels.ResultsCXCL16 (p= 0.03) and sIL-2R (p= 7.8 × 10−5) were higher, while sCD14 (p= 0.05) were lower in patients compared to controls after controlling for confounders, with significant differences in SCZ for CXCL16 (p= 0.04) and sIL-2R (p= 1.1 × 10−5). After adjustment for cardiometabolic risk factors higher levels of sIL-2R (p= 0.001) and lower sCD14 (p= 0.002) remained, also in SCZ (sIL-2R,p= 3.0 × 10−4and sCD14,p= 0.01). The adjustment revealed lower ALCAM levels (p= 0.03) in patients. We found no significant associations with psychotropic medication or symptom levels.ConclusionThe results indicate that inflammation, in particular enhanced T cell activation and impaired monocyte activation, are associated with severe mental disorders independent of comorbid cardiometabolic risk factors. This suggests a role of novel pathophysiological mechanisms in severe mental disorders, particularly SCZ.

scholarly journals Inflammatory markers are altered in severe mental disorders independent of comorbid cardiometabolic disease risk factors – ERRATUM

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1758-1758
Author(s):  
Ragni H. Mørch ◽  
Ingrid Dieset ◽  
Ann Færden ◽  
Elina J. Reponen ◽  
Sigrun Hope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease Risk

Twelve Months of Time-restricted Eating and Resistance Training Improve Inflammatory Markers and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Moro ◽  
Grant Tinsley ◽  
Francesco Q. Pacelli ◽  
Giuseppe Marcolin ◽  
Antonino Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

Abstract P082: Elevated Circulating Endothelial-Derived Microvesicles Are Associated With Obesity-Related Endothelial Dysfunction

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Madden Brewster ◽  
Tyler D Bammert ◽  
Jamie G Hijmans ◽  
Caitlin A Dow ◽  
Anabel Goulding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Background: Obesity reduces the number of years lived free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and increases the number of years lived with CVD, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality risk across all ages. Experimental and clinical studies indicate that a proatherogenic endothelial phenotype is a major consequence of increased adiposity and a primary mechanism underlying obesity-related CVD. Extracellular microvesicles, particularly endothelial cell-derived microvesicles (EMVs), are seminal functional modulators of vascular health and disease. The purpose of this study was to determine: 1) if circulating EMV levels are elevated with obesity, independent of other cardiometabolic risk factors; and if so, 2) whether circulating EMVs are associated with obesity-related endothelial vasodilator dysfunction. Methods: Thirty sedentary, middle-aged adults (45-63 years) were studied: 15 normal weight (10M/5F; age: 56±1 yr; BMI: 23.2±0.4 kg/m2; body fat: 25.1±2.4 %) and 15 obese (10M/5F; age: 54±1 yr; BMI: 31.5±0.3 kg/m2; body fat: 37.2±1.7 %). All subjects were free of other cardiometabolic risk factors and overt disease. EMV identification (CD31 + /42b - ) and concentration in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. Forearm blood flow (FBF: via plethysmography) was assessed in response to intra-arterial infusions of acetylcholine (4.0, 8.0 and 16.0 μg/100 mL tissue/min) and sodium nitroprusside (1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/100 mL tissue/min). Results: Circulating EMV levels were ~100% higher (P<0.05) in obese (182±14 EMV/μL) compared with normal weight (91±12 EMV/μL) adults. FBF response to acetylcholine was significantly lower (~35%) in the obese (from 4.0±0.2 to 10.3±0.6 mL/100 mL tissue/min vs 4.3±0.3 to 15.4±0.8 mL/100 mL tissue/min) group. Circulating EMVs were significantly and inversely associated with total FBF response to acetylcholine (r=-0.55). Conclusions: Obesity, independent of other cardiometabolic risk factors, is associated with elevated circulating levels of EMVs. Higher circulating EMVs in obese adults may contribute to adiposity-related endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease risk. Indeed, circulating EMVs have been linked to disease risk, severity and outcome in other high-risk populations.

scholarly journals Cognitive function and cardiometabolic disease risk factors in rural South Africa: baseline evidence from the HAALSI study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Houle ◽  
Thomas Gaziano ◽  
Meagan Farrell ◽  
F. Xavier Gómez-Olivé ◽  
Lindsay C. Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Rural South ◽  
Rural South Africa ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease Risk

Abstract Background Evidence on cognitive function in older South Africans is limited, with few population-based studies. We aimed to estimate baseline associations between cognitive function and cardiometabolic disease risk factors in rural South Africa. Methods We use baseline data from “Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa” (HAALSI), a population-based study of adults aged 40 and above in rural South Africa in 2015. Cognitive function was measured using measures of time orientation, immediate and delayed recall, and numeracy adapted from the Health and Retirement Study cognitive battery (overall total cognitive score range 0–26). We used multiple linear regression to estimate associations between cardiometabolic risk factors (including BMI, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, history of stroke, alcohol frequency, and smoking status) and the overall cognitive function score, adjusted for potential confounders. Results In multivariable-adjusted analyses (n = 3018; male = 1520; female = 1498; median age 59 (interquartile range 50–67)), cardiometabolic risk factors associated with lower cognitive function scores included: diabetes (b = − 1.11 [95% confidence interval: − 2.01, − 0.20] for controlled diabetes vs. no diabetes); underweight BMI (b = − 0.87 [CI: − 1.48, − 0.26] vs. normal BMI); and current and past smoking history compared to never smokers. Factors associated with higher cognitive function scores included: obese BMI (b = 0.74 [CI: 0.39, 1.10] vs. normal BMI); and controlled hypertension (b = 0.53 [CI: 0.11, 0.96] vs. normotensive). Conclusions We provide an important baseline from rural South Africa on the associations between cardiometabolic disease risk factors and cognitive function in an older, rural South African population using standardized clinical measurements and cut-offs and widely used cognitive assessments. Future studies are needed to clarify temporal associations as well as patterns between the onset and duration of cardiometabolic conditions and cognitive function. As the South African population ages, effective management of cardiometabolic risk factors may be key to lasting cognitive health.

scholarly journals Increased C-Reactive Protein in Brazilian Children: Association with Cardiometabolic Risk and Metabolic Syndrome Components (PASE Study)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Gomes Suhett ◽  
Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff ◽  
Naruna Pereira Rocha ◽  
Mariane Alves Silva ◽  
Mariana De Santis Filgueiras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Brazilian Children

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of subclinical inflammation that has been found to be associated with cardiovascular disease risk. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between CRP and cardiometabolic markers in a representative sample of prepubescent children. The objective was to evaluate the high-sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) and its association with traditional and nontraditional cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as metabolic syndrome (MetS) components in Brazilian children. This is a cross-sectional representative study, with participants of the Schoolchildren Health Assessment Survey (PASE). Children from 8 to 9 years old (n=350) enrolled in public and private schools in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were evaluated. Sociodemographic evaluation was performed through a semistructured questionnaire. Anthropometric, body composition, clinical, and biochemical measures were analyzed for cardiometabolic risk assessment. The total mean of serum hs-CRP concentration was 0.62 (±1.44) mg/L. hs-CRP was significantly correlated with several anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical parameters in this population (P<0.05). hs-CRP was positively associated with the accumulation of cardiometabolic risk factors and MetS components (P<0.05). Children with excessive weight; abdominal obesity; increased gynoid and android body fat; low HDL-c; hyperglycemia; and elevated uric acid, homocysteine, and apoB had higher chances of presenting increased hs-CRP (P<0.05). In this study, Brazilian children with cardiometabolic risk already presented elevated serum hs-CRP concentration. hs-CRP was associated with the increase of traditional and nontraditional cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as the accumulation of MetS components.

scholarly journals Effect of glutamine supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors and inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Motahareh Hasani ◽  
Asieh Mansour ◽  
Hamid Asayesh ◽  
Shirin Djalalinia ◽  
Armita Mahdavi Gorabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Metabolic Risk

Abstract Background Evidence exists that glutamine plays multiple roles in glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and anti-inflammatory effects. This systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials aimed to assess the effect of glutamine supplementation on cardio-metabolic risk factors and inflammatory markers. Methods The processes of systematic reviews and meta-analyses were performed according to the PRISMA checklist. PubMed, Web of Sciences, Cochrane library, and Scopus databases were search for relevant studies without time or language restrictions up to December 30, 2020. All randomized clinical trials which assessed the effect of glutamine supplementation on “glycemic indices”, “level of triglyceride, “and “inflammatory markers” were included in the study. The effect of glutamine supplementation on cardio-metabolic risk factors and inflammatory markers was assessed using a standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity between among studies was assessed using Cochran Q-statistic and I-square. Random/fixed-effects meta-analysis method was used to estimate the pooled SMD. The risk of bias for the included trials was evaluated using the Cochrane quality assessment tool. Results In total, 12 studies that assessed the effect of glutamine supplementation on cardio-metabolic risk factors were included in the study. Meta-analysis showed that glutamine supplementation significantly decreased significantly serum levels of FPG [SMD: − 0.73, 95% CI − 1.35, − 0.11, I2: 84.1%] and CRP [SMD: − 0.58, 95% CI − 0.1, − 0.17, I2: 0%]. The effect of glutamine supplementation on other cardiometabolic risk factors was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion Our findings showed that glutamine supplementation might have a positive effect on FPG and CRP; both of which are crucial as cardio-metabolic risk factors. However, supplementation had no significant effect on other cardio-metabolic risk factors.

scholarly journals Protein Disulphide Isomerase and NADPH Oxidase 1 Cooperate to Control Platelet Function and Are Associated with Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factors

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Renato Simões Gaspar ◽  
Tanya Sage ◽  
Gemma Little ◽  
Neline Kriek ◽  
Giordano Pula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Protein Disulphide Isomerase ◽  
Nadph Oxidase 1

Background: Protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) and NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox-1) regulate platelet function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, suggesting potentially interdependent roles. Increased platelet reactivity and ROS production have been correlated with cardiometabolic disease risk factors. Objectives: To establish whether PDI and Nox-1 cooperate to control platelet function. Methods: Immunofluorescence microscopy was utilised to determine expression and localisation of PDI and Nox-1. Platelet aggregation, fibrinogen binding, P-selectin exposure, spreading and calcium mobilization were measured as markers of platelet function. A cross-sectional population study (n = 136) was conducted to assess the relationship between platelet PDI and Nox-1 levels and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results: PDI and Nox-1 co-localized upon activation induced by the collagen receptor GPVI. Co-inhibition of PDI and Nox-1 led to additive inhibition of GPVI-mediated platelet aggregation, activation and calcium flux. This was confirmed in murine Nox-1−/− platelets treated with PDI inhibitor bepristat, without affecting bleeding. PDI and Nox-1 together contributed to GPVI signalling that involved the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, p47phox, PKC and Akt. Platelet PDI and Nox-1 levels were upregulated in obesity, with platelet Nox-1 also elevated in hypertensive individuals. Conclusions: We show that PDI and Nox-1 cooperate to control platelet function and are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors.

scholarly journals Food Liking-Based Diet Quality Indexes (DQI) Generated by Conceptual and Machine Learning Explained Variability in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Young Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 882
Author(s):  
Ran Xu ◽  
Bruce E. Blanchard ◽  
Jeanne M. McCaffrey ◽  
Stephen Woolley ◽  
Lauren M. L. Corso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Out Of Sample ◽  
Quality Indexes

The overall pattern of a diet (diet quality) is recognized as more important to health and chronic disease risk than single foods or food groups. Indexes of diet quality can be derived theoretically from evidence-based recommendations, empirically from existing datasets, or a combination of the two. We used these methods to derive diet quality indexes (DQI), generated from a novel dietary assessment, and to evaluate relationships with cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults with (n = 106) or without (n = 106) diagnosed depression (62% female, mean age = 21). Participants completed a liking survey (proxy for usual dietary consumption). Principle component analysis of plasma (insulin, glucose, lipids) and adiposity (BMI, Waist-to-Hip ratio) measures formed a continuous cardiometabolic risk factor score (CRFS). DQIs were created: theoretically (food/beverages grouped, weighted conceptually), empirically (grouping by factor analysis, weights empirically-derived by ridge regression analysis of CRFS), and hybrid (food/beverages conceptually-grouped, weights empirically-derived). The out-of-sample CRFS predictability for the DQI was assessed by two-fold and five-fold cross validations. While moderate consistencies between theoretically- and empirically-generated weights existed, the hybrid outperformed theoretical and empirical DQIs in cross validations (five-fold showed DQI explained 2.6% theoretical, 2.7% empirical, and 6.5% hybrid of CRFS variance). These pilot data support a liking survey that can generate reliable/valid DQIs that are significantly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors, especially theoretically- plus empirically-derived DQI.

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