‘Built-in variety’: David and Mary Medd and the Child-Centred Primary School, 1944-80

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 321-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraint Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
School Design ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Creative Collaboration ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post War ◽  
Architectural Modernism ◽  
The Welfare State

Children are the basis of school design.(Ministry of Education Building Bulletin 1,1949, David and Mary Medd)Connections between ideas of ‘child-centred’ primary education and the design of schools were arguably closer in post-war Britain than any period before or since. These relationships provide a commentary on the role of public architecture within a British post-war social democracy that combined the social objectives of architectural Modernism with an awareness of, and continuity with, preceding reformist movements for the advancement of public health and education. The ‘social’ aspect of the post-war school-building programme stemmed not so much from the application of labour or technology to processes of building, nor even the equitable distribution of common resources, but rather from the ability of the designer to shape and articulate processes of teaching and learning within the locus of the welfare state. Social and pedagogical ends were often pursued to the almost total exclusion of architectural self-expression. If this ‘humane functionalism’ was rooted in an understanding of the activities and experiences of learning, it was dependent on a multi-disciplinary, investigative and creative collaboration between architect and educational ‘client’.

scholarly journals INTERCONNECTION OF METACOGNITION AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS IN CHILDHOOD: CULTURAL-HISTORICAL CONTEXT

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-113
Author(s):  
A.N. Veraksa ◽  
N.E. Veraksa
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

The review is devoted to the relationship between executive functions and metacognition in the context of a cultural-historical perspective. On the basis of the research carried out over the past 15 years, the commonality and differences of these constructs are shown. Special attention is paid to the development of executive functions and metacognition, their connection with the academic success of children, the role of the social aspect in their formation. The importance of an adult in the directed formation of metacognition and self-regulation is shown, which confirms the provisions of the cultural-historical theory. Within the framework of the cultural-historical paradigm, several mechanisms for the development of executive functions are considered: imitation based on understanding; sign mediation; as well as communication in a social developmental situation. L.S. Vygotsky noted that higher mental functions arise on the basis of real interactions of people, are interiorized, turning into psychological functions. The review showed that one of the most common models of the structure of executive functions is a model that includes such components as “working memory”, “inhibitory control” and “cognitive flexibility”. Based on the analysis, it is possible to assert the influence of J. Piaget’s concept on the development of executive functions. A certain difficulty is caused by the explanation of emotional regulation in the context of metacognitive problems. At the same time, L.S. Vygotsky spoke about the unity of affect and intellect, which suggests the existence behavioral control and, in particular, of emotional processes at the level of metacognitive processes.

A Profitable Education

2020 ◽  
pp. 359-381
Author(s):  
Rohit Mehta ◽  
Edwin Creely ◽  
Danah Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
21St Century Skills ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Political Influences ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Social

In this chapter, the authors take a multifaceted critical approach to understanding and deconstructing the term 21st century skills, especially in regard to technology and the role of corporations in the discourses about education. They also consider a range of cultural and political influences in our exploration of the social and academic meanings of the term, including its history and politics. The application of the term in present-day educational contexts is considered as well as possible futures implied through the term. The goal in this chapter is to counter ideas that might diminish a humanized educational practice. Specifically, the authors offer a critique of neoliberal discourses in education, particularly the neoliberal and corporate narrative around 21st century teaching and learning. They raise concerns about what an undue emphasis on industry-oriented educational systems can mean for the core purposes of education.

scholarly journals MPs' Attitudes to Welfare: A New Consensus?

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUGH BOCHEL ◽  
ANDREW DEFTY
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
New Right ◽  
The Political ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Welfare Provision ◽  
Mixed Economy ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Welfare State

The post-war ‘consensus’ on welfare was based largely in the perceived agreement of leading politicians of Conservative and Labour parties on the role of the mixed economy and the welfare state. However, from the late 1970s economic and demographic pressures and ideological challenges, particularly from the New Right, led to cuts in spending on welfare, increased private involvement and an emphasis on more individualistic and selectivist approaches to provision. Recently some scholars have begun to discuss the emergence of a ‘new liberal consensus’ around welfare provision. Drawing upon interviews with 10 per cent of the House of Commons, this article examines the extent to which a new political consensus upon welfare can be identified. In addition to analysing responses to questions on welfare issues, it considers the extent to which MPs themselves believe there to be some degree of consensus in approaches to welfare. It also considers whether any consensus exists merely in the political language used in relation to welfare issues, or whether there is a more substantive convergence.

Resignation at the Treasury: the Social Services Committee and the Failure to Reform the Welfare State, 1955–57

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Constructive Development ◽  
Conservative Government ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post War ◽  
Main Protagonist ◽  
The Welfare State ◽  
Welfare Expenditure

ABSTRACTBetween 1955–7 welfare expenditure in Britain came under serious attack. The main protagonist was the Treasury and its chosen implement a five-year review of the social services, to be presided over by a ministerial Social Services Committee. The attack rebounded, for the Committee provided the opportunity for the consolidation of the defence of welfare expenditure and for a frontal attack on Treasury assumptions. This neglected episode in Conservative government social policy places in historical context the early defeat of monetarism (with Thorneycroft's resignation in 1958) and provides the background to the establishment of the Plowden Committee and of the Public Expenditure Survey Committee. It also raises questions about the degree of post-war consensus and the failure to make the constructive development of the welfare state an objective of ‘conviction’ politics.

scholarly journals A Call for Judicial Reform in Egypt

ICL Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shams Al Din Al Hajjaji
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Judicial Authority ◽  
The Muslim Brotherhood

AbstractThe social contract in Egypt has changed dramatically five times in the past decade. Mubarak made substantial amendments in 2005 and 2007, the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF) ratified the 2011 Constitutional Declaration, the Muslim Brotherhood adopted the 2012 Constitution and, finally, Al-Sisi/Mansur proclaimed the 2014 Constitution. Currently, Egypt faces social, economic, political and legal problems. The Egyptian judiciary plays a vital role in the inability to respond to these problems. This research argues that the call for judicial reform should be revived to face contemporary challenges. These challenges are the result of the absence of serious judicial reform in the past four decades. The 1973 Judicial Authority Law was a result of the social contract presented in the 1971 Constitution. The research lists the reasons for adopting a new judicial authority law. In the first section, the social aspect is embodied in the protection of freedoms, judicial transparency and judicial legitimacy. The second section dealing with economic reasons for reform is divided into two parts. The first deals with Independent Bodies and Regulatory Agencies. The second issue reveals the role of the judiciary in the successive failures of the IBRA. The third section deals with the role of the judiciary in political life. The fourth section presents the legal reasons for judicial reform.

scholarly journals The Role of EFL Teacher’s Talk and Identity in Iranian Classroom Context

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Afsaneh Alijani ◽  
Hamed Barjesteh
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Classroom Context ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Traditional Lecture ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dominant Individual ◽  
Spoken Interaction ◽  
Response Feedback

Identity is a comprehensive and complicated concept in the process of language teaching and learning. The present study attempted to examine the effect of teachers’ talk and identity in the classroom context on EFL learners’ achievements. The Conversation Analysis (CA) approach was applied to gather and analyze naturally-occurring spoken interaction. The teachers’ interactions with their learners were audio-recorded and analyzed in terms of the IRF cycle (Initiation-Response-Feedback), turn-taking and renovate. The findings indicated that the plenty of interaction was assembled and retained through dissymmetrical and privileged relations. The teacher identified, and regulated most of the social actions that happened in the classroom context, most of which were also completely designed on a goal-oriented basis .It was concluded that it is time to re-assert the role of teacher as a dominant individual who controls learning inside and outside the classroom; educators and teachers should develop an instructional design that focuses on incorporating active learning and student-centered pedagogy into the traditional lecture-based courses.

scholarly journals PERANAN MAKANAN TRADISIONAL BERBAHAN SAGU SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF DALAM PEMENUHAN GIZI MASYARAKAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Endah Ernawati ◽  
Heliawaty Lakare ◽  
Pipi Diansari
Keyword(s):  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Nutritional Adequacy ◽  
Household Level ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
The Social ◽  
Side Dishes ◽  
The Village

AbstractThe research was conducted in the Village of Laba, District of Masamba, Regency of North Luwu, South Sulawesi in order to determine: 1) The role of sago at the household level to the food diversification; and 2) The level of nutritional adequacy of household. The population of household as much as 533 heads of households and  sample as much as 30 households. Determination of the samples was done by simple random sampling method. Sago role analysis in terms of the social aspect is described qualitativey, and to determine the level of nutritional adequacy used food consumption analysis by using Software Nutri Survey.The result showed that 1. The role of sago in terms of the social aspect, although it is still regarded as a traditional food but always served with a variety of various processed sago (kapurung, dange, bagea, sagu lempeng, ongol-ongol, jepa, sinoli, cendol) at both the household and when there are small and big party (celebration, circumcision, aqiqah, weddings). 2. The level of nutritional adequacy of respondents looks at the category level is less. This is because each of the households are different in consumption patterns. Each member of the family in a household there who do not eat processed (sago) with a combination of side dishes the amount that should be.Keywords: the role of sago; diversification  of  food; supporting nutrition.

scholarly journals Peran Penting Psikologis terhadap Peserta Didik SD melalui Pembelajaran Tematik-Terpadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Yunita Hariyani
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
School Students ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Meaningful Experiences ◽  
And Control

This study aims to determine the important role of psychology in elementary school students through thematic-integrated learning. The method used by library research. Data collection uses documentation and data analysis with descriptive analysis. The results of the study indicate that learning using themes in linking several subjects can provide meaningful experiences to students. Likewise seen from the social aspect, students in elementary school began to form new bonds with peers and began to be able to adjust themselves to the attitude of cooperation. While psychologically also has begun to learn to control and control his emotional expression.

scholarly journals SIRAH DALAM MENEGAK PERUBAHAN SOSIAL MENGIKUT PANDANGAN SYEIKH SAID RAMADAN AL-BUTI

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Nurul Salsabila Abu Bakar ◽  
Mohd Nazri Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Western Civilization ◽  
Islamic Society

The life of  Prophet Muhammad/ Sirah Rasullullah, SAW, (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) is one of the written works of scholars to be featured as having played a major role in developing da'wah and Islamic Shari'ahs around the world from the past. The bond between Moslems and the prophet is strong so the Moslems can use sirah as a reference to strengthen faith, morals, foster the struggle of Islam and encourage the Muslim to hold on to the truth.  This study will highlight the role of the sirah in strengthening the social aspect of society and this will be seen based on the views of Sheikh Ramadan al-Buti. Content analysis is  used to analyze Fiqh as-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah. The data was analysed descriptively and explanatory. The findings show that the need for a sirah approach in the social aspect is high for the good of  social aspect itself. However, Syeikh Ramadan al-Buti has opened the opportunity so that the aspects of the sirah is applied to the social change of the Islamic society from time to time. The implications of the study show that the Prophet's sirah/life has succeeded in forming a good Islamic Government over the history of Western civilization. Sirah Rasulullah SAW merupakan salah satu karya penulisan ulama perlu diketengahkan kerana telah memainkan peranan yang besar dalam mengembangkan dakwah dan syariat Islam diseluruh dunia sejak dahulu lagi. Mempelajari sirah Nabi ini bukanlah semata-mata untuk mengetahui peristiwa menarik dan aneh yang berlaku di zaman Nabi SAW.Pengkajian sirah ini juga bukan sekadar ingin mengetahui peristiwa-peristiwa yang telah melakar sejarah sebagaimana kajian-kajian sejarah yang lain sebagai contoh sejarah hidup seorang khalifah atau sejarah tamadun yang silam. Sirah juga bukanlah sekadar satu kisah yang dibaca pada hari keputeraan baginda SAW sahaja. Apa yang lebih besar sebenarnya adalah ikatan seseorang Muslim dengan Rasulnya sehinggakan pada akhirnya Muslim itu berjaya menjadikan sirah sebagai sesuatu yang dapat menambahkan iman, memperelok akhlak, menyemarakkan perjuangan Islam serta dapat mendorong Muslim itu untuk terus berpegang dengan kebenaran dan seterusnya istiqamah kepadanya. Kajian ini akan mengetengahkan peranan sirah dalam mengukuhkan aspek sosial masyarakat dan perkara ini akan dilihat berdasarkan kepada pandangan Syeikh Ramadan al-Buti. Kaedah analisis kandungan akan digunakan dalam mengkaji kitab Fiqh as-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah bagi mendapatkan data. Data tersebut akan dianalisis secara deskriptif dan eksplanatori. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa keperluan pendekatan sirah dalam aspek sosial adalah tinggi bagi membentuk aspek sosial yang baik itu sendiri. Walau bagaimanapun, Syeikh Ramadan al-Buti telah membuka ruang sepenuhnya supaya aspek sirah diaplikasikan kedalam perubahan sosial masyarakat islam dari masa ke semasa. Implikasi kajian menunjukkan bahawa sirah Rasulullah telah berjaya membentuk satu Kerajaan Islam yang baik berbanding sejarah tamadun Barat yang musnah ekoran tiada sisa-sisa kemanusiaan yang dihidupkan.

scholarly journals Serious games in the context of people with cognitive disabilities: a case study (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Manoel Menezes ◽  
Jorge Correia Neto ◽  
Moacyr Cunha Filho ◽  
Guilherme Villar
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Cognitive Disabilities ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Educational Game ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
The Social ◽  
Teaching Learning

BACKGROUND While traditional video games provide amusement, with the advent of serious games (SG), it has raised the potential and the results that can be achieved from the games, these artifacts, whose main differentials are the fact that they are naturally playful and motivators. While in the 1990s, the games aimed only at entertainment, nowadays teaching and learning combine with entertainment and become the main goals to be achieved through the SG. A strong example of SG application is for motivation and help in the formal or special teaching-learning process acting as a pedagogical tool. In this sense, the following question arises: What are the characteristics and interface resources considered adequate to compose the interface of a serious game that have educational objectives directed to people with Williams-Beuren Syndrome? Here's the motivation guide for this article. OBJECTIVE Elementary mathematics education for people with Williams Syndrome METHODS An exploratory and descriptive study,using qualitative and quantitative approaches. RESULTS The results portfolio obtained from the WBS user experience assessment presents the confidence rectangle within the "desirable" quadrant. This is what a project program is, since scientifically this is one of the biggest difficulties reported by unlock authors, it is not possible to teach content and maintain playfulness. CONCLUSIONS The prototype of the game here called SoundMath, was intended to meet a demand for learning elementary arithmetic for people with WBS, from a playful and immersive process. Through the results of the evaluations carried out, this work provides relevant information that can encourage the development of this game, as well as help companies in the educational segment, and contribute to the improvement of the quality of the applications targeted to this type of public. Other important point to be highlighted from this work is with regard to the social aspect that this work encompasses, because it is the development of a solution applied to a daily problem of this public. But we did not just develop; we decided to go beyond and document the entire process of engineering and gamification, based on data obtained throughout this study of design and design of a serious educational game prototype that contained in its layout the ideal characteristics to mediate a teaching-learning process from its use, as well as document and outline a methodological process that may serve as the basis for further studies. Thus, we believe that the results and reflections raised from this study may, in the future, broaden the knowledge about the design of serious games for people with cognitive disabilities. The prototype of the game here called SoundMath, was intended to meet a demand for learning elementary arithmetic for people with WBS, from a playful and immersive process. Through the results of the evaluations carried out, this work provides relevant information that can encourage the development of this game, as well as help companies in the educational segment, and contribute to the improvement of the quality of the applications targeted to this type of public. Other important point to be highlighted from this work is with regard to the social aspect that this work encompasses, because it is the development of a solution applied to a daily problem of this public.

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