scholarly journals X.—On the Real Nature of Symbolical Algebra

1839 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Degree ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
The Subject

The following attempt to investigate the real nature of Symbolical Algebra, as distinguished from the various branches of analysis which come under its dominion, took its rise from certain general considerations, to which I was led in following out the principle of the separation of symbols of operation from those of quantity. I cannot take it on me to say that these views are entirely new, but at least I am not aware that any one has yet exhibited them in the same form. At the same time, they appear to me to be important, as clearing up in a considerable degree the obscurity which still rests on several parts of the elements of symbolical algebra. Mr Peacock is, I believe, the only writer in this country who has attempted to write a system of algebra founded on a consideration of general principles, for the subject is not one which has much attraction for the generality of mathematicians. Much of what follows will be found to agree with what he has laid down, as well as with what has been written by the Abbé Buee and Mr Warren; but as I think that the view I have taken of the subject is more general than that which they have done, I hope that the following pages will be interesting to those who pay attention to such speculations.

scholarly journals III.—The Glaciation of the Shetland Isles

1881 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Peach ◽  
J. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Geological Society ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
The Subject

In his valedictory address as President of the Edinburgh Geological Society, at the close of the session 1879–80, Mr. Milne Home reviewed our recent paper on “The Glaciation of the Shetland Isles.” In his address he not only called in question our conclusions regarding the direction of the glaciation of these islands, but likewise referred to the discordance between the observations of Mr. C. W. Peach and ourselves. As much of this adverse criticism is based on a misconception of the real nature of the evidence bearing on the question, we are anxious to reply to some of the points in the address which might mislead those who are unacquainted with the subject.

scholarly journals 4. On the Real Nature of Symbolical Algebra

1845 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 217-217
Author(s):  
D. F. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
The Real ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference

The object of this paper is to determine in what consists the difference between general Symbolical Algebra and the sciences subordinate to it, particularly Arithmetical Algebra. The view which the author takes is, that Symbolical Algebra takes cognizance only of the laws by which the symbols are combined, without considering the nature of the operations represented. The greater part of the paper is occupied in applying this definition, by shewing what are the laws to which are subject the various symbols of operations we are in the habit of using; and one or two examples are given of the advantages derivable from this way of considering the subject—particularly with respect to the connection between the arithmetical and geometrical meanings of + and −. The chief application of the theory may be said to be the elucidation of the causes of analogies between operations by no means similar in their nature.

scholarly journals The Inactivation of complement by Mechanical Agitation

1913 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Agitation ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

Of the many methods employed to render a serum inactive, that by means of mechanical agitation has been the subject of several recent works, but the real nature of this phenomenon, as it occurs in shaken sera, is still unknown. The reason is the uncertainty regarding the nature of complement itself, and even the most satisfying explanation of the inactivation of complement by shaking would not probably throw much light on the nature of the complement. I give in the following a brief summary of the literature dealing with the inactivation of complement by mechanical agitation.

scholarly journals An investigation into exterior illumination of buildings

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
J. C. Wimbush
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Form ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
The Subject

"The nature of light is only describable by enumerating its properties and founding them on the simplest possible principles. As these principles transcend our ordinary experiences, they must be cast in a purely logical, that is to say, mathematical form. But that is never enough, for, though logic tells us what deductions must be right, it does not tell us what will be interesting, and so gives no guidance as to the direction the theory will take. In choosing this direction, much help is derived from analogies and models which are often loose and incomplete but without which no proper understanding of the subject can be acquired. We shall, therefore, describe, largely by means of analogies, the behaviour of light and this is the 'real' nature of light. "

scholarly journals XII. Experiments to determine the force of fired gunpowder

1797 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 222-292 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Considerable Degree ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Elastic Fluids ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Considerable Insight

No human invention of which we have any authentic records, except, perhaps, the art of printing, has produced such important changes in civil society as the invention of gunpowder. Yet, notwithstanding the uses to which this wonderful agent is applied are so extensive, and though its operations are as surprising as they are important, it seems not to have hitherto been examined with that care and perseverance which it deserves. The explosion of gunpowder is certainly one of the most surprising phænomena we are acquainted with, and I am persuaded it would much oftener have been the subject of the investigations of speculative philosophers, as well as of professional men, in this age of inquiry, were it not for the danger attending the experiments: but the force of gunpowder is so great, and its effects so sudden and so terrible, that, notwithstanding all the precautions possible, there is ever a considerable degree of danger attending the management of it, as I have more than once found to my cost. Several eminent philosophers and mathematicians, it is true, have, from time to time, employed their attention upon this curious subject; and the modern improvements in chemistry have given us a considerable insight into the cause, and the nature of the explosion which takes place in the inflammation of gunpowder; and the nature and properties of the elastic fluids generated in its combustion. But the great desideratum, the real measure of the initial expansive force of inflamed gunpowder, so far from being known, has hitherto been rather guessed at than determined; and no argument can be more convincing to show our total ignorance upon that subject, than the difference in the opinions of the greatest mathematicians of the age, who have undertaken its investigation.

scholarly journals XII.—On the Law of Frequency of Error

1865 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tait
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Method Of Least Squares ◽  
Natural Manner ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law

It has always appeared to me that the difficulties which present themselves in investigations concerning the Frequency of Error, and the deduction of the most probable result from a large number of observations by the Method of Least Squares (which is an immediate consequence of the ordinary “Law of Error”), are difficulties of reasoning, or logic, rather than of analysis. Hence I conceive that the elaborate analytical investigations of Laplace, Poisson, and others, do not in anywise present the question in its intrinsic simplicity. They seem to me to be necessitated by the unnatural point of view from which their authors have contemplated the question. It is, undoubtedly, a difficult one; but this is a strong reason for abstaining from the use of unnecessarily elaborate analysis, which, however beautiful in itself, does harm when it masks the real nature of the difficulty it is employed to overcome. I believe that, so far at least as mathematics is concerned, the subject ought to be found extremely simple, if we only approach it in a natural manner.

scholarly journals VI. Buddhist Notes: Vedanta and Buddhism

1910 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Louis de la Vallee Poussin
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Real ◽  
Relative Truth ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Absolute

There is much to support the opinion of Rāmānuja, Dr. Thibaut, and many others, that Śaṃkara's doctrine of “illusion” is a biassed rendering of the old Vedānta, Bādarāyaṇik as well as Aupanishadic. If that be granted, it is by no means self-evident that Buddhism has been without influence on Śamkara's speculation; and the last writer on the subject, Vasudev Anant Sukhtankar, a very able pupil of Professor Jacobi, does not conceal his opinion, or his surmise, that Śaṃkara is indebted to Nāgārjuna. That may be true, but I would object that we really know little or nothing about the history of Vedānta, and that conclusions based on philosophical parallels are by no means definitive. Autonomous developments— autonomous if not absolutely independent—are admissible. Nāgārjuna (or his predecessors, the anonymous authors of the oldest Mahāyānasūtras), by the very fact that he proclaims “voidness” to be the real nature of things, was prepared to distinguish the relative truth (saṃvṛtisatya) and the absolute one (pāramārthika); and his nihilism coupled with “idealism” might lead to the Vijñānavāda: “existence of pure non-intelligent (?) intellect.” On the other hand the Aupanishadas, from their main thesis (tat tvam asi, etc.), could derive the distinction of the two brahmans, of the two vidyās. Both developments are natural enough; the conception of the universal void (o) and the intuition of the infinite (∞) are convergent, in the end; but parallel and convergent as they are, these developments do not lose their primitive tinge.

King William and the Brecc Bennach in 1211: reliquary or holy banner?

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Good Reason ◽  
National Museum ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Nature

In his Rhind Lectures of 1879 Joseph Anderson argued for identifying the Monymusk Reliquary, now in the National Museum of Scotland, with the Brecc Bennach, something whose custody was granted to Arbroath abbey by King William in 1211. In 2001 David H. Caldwell called this into question with good reason. Part of the argument relied on different interpretations of the word uexillum, ‘banner’, taken for a portable shrine by William Reeves and for a reliquary used as battle-standard by Anderson. It is argued here that none of this is relevant to the question. The Brecc Bennach is called a banner only as a guess at its long-forgotten nature in two late deeds. The word brecc, however, is used in the name of an extant reliquary, Brecc Máedóc, and Anderson was correct to think this provided a clue to the real nature of the Brecc Bennach. It was almost certainly a small portable reliquary, of unknown provenance but associated with St Columba. The king granted custody to the monks of Arbroath at a time when he was facing a rebellion in Ross, posing intriguing questions about his intentions towards this old Gaelic object of veneration.

ICO as a Business Financing Tool: Myths and Reality

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ya. Lukasevich
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Finance ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
The Real ◽  
Objective Information ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Business Financing ◽  
Made In

The subject of the research is new tools for business financing using the initial coin offering (ICO) in the context of the development of cryptocurrencies and the blockchain technologies as their basis. The purpose of the work was to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the ICO in comparison with traditional financial tools as well as prospects, limitations and problems of using digital financial tools. Conclusions are made in relation to possibilities, limitations and application areas of digital business financing tools, particularly in the real sector, taking into account the specifics of the Russian economy and legislation. It is shown that the main problems of using the digital financial tools are related to the economic sphere and caused by the lack of adequate approaches to evaluation of assets as well as the shortage of objective information. The problems and new tasks of corporate finance in the digital economy are defined.

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