scholarly journals Discussion of the Effects of Recession on the Rural-Farm Economy

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
J. Martin Redfern
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Impact

It will probably be useful to trace the evolution of the title of this paper. Initially, the assigned purpose of the paper was “to contrast the impact of a recession on rural areas having industrial development with those that have not attracted additional industry.” The program title became “The Effect of a Recession on Employment, Population and Industrial Development in a Rural Economy.” My first review draft of the paper carried the title “Effects of General Economic Conditions on an Industrialized Rural Economy.” One week preceding the meetings, I received a revised draft of the manuscript, title “The Effect of Recession on the Rural-Farm Economy.”

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Poverty Estimates in India: A Study Across Caste, Class and Religion

2021 ◽  
pp. 2455328X2110514
Author(s):  
Krishna Ram ◽  
Shivani Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Past ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
The Impact

The impact of COVID-19 on poverty estimates is humongous. The economic tumult caused by the pandemic over the past two years has the potential to double the nation’s poverty, erasing the decade-long gains from the fight against poverty and inequality. Our calculations show that around 150–199 million additional people will fall under poverty in 2021–2022; a majority of which are from rural areas, owing to the immiserate nature of the rural economy. Further disaggregation reveals that the SC/ST, casual labour and the self-employed are the most impacted groups. Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Odisha are the most affected states facing poverty ranging from 50% to 80% in the rural area and 40% to 70% in the urban area. Our analysis also identifies the rippling effect of poverty on the inter-group disparities in India.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF RURAL TERRITORIES DEVELOPMENT UNDER CONDITIONS OF MODERNIZATION OF ECONOMY

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Миршарип Газетдинов ◽  
Mirsharip Gazetdinov ◽  
Ольга Семичева ◽  
Ol'ga Semicheva ◽  
Шамиль Газетдинов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

The article explores the impact of economic modernization on the social and economic situation of rural residents. It justifies the need to develop mechanisms to regulate the activities of business entities taking into account the fundamental interests of the rural population, such as improving and leveling the social and economic conditions of life in order to freely develop the personality of each resident of rural areas. It is alleged that rural areas have their own specifics, which is associated with traditions, culture and relatively low population density. The specificity is manifested in the fact that the rural economy can be simultaneously represented by agriculture and forestry, industrial production, tourism and recreation, and other industries. These areas of activity can become complementary to the main specialization of entrepreneurship in a particular rural area. Two features of the development of rural territories in the near future are distinguished: due to the effective use of the latest achievements of scientific and technological progress and the improvement of technological processes in modern agricultural units, the need for labor resources is reduced; a decrease in the demand for labor resources from agriculture leads to a deterioration in the social and economic situation, and, as a consequence, to an outflow of the population from rural areas. The need for the development of a special social-targeted block in any comprehensive modernization programs is argued. This block should contain requirements that ensure a well-defined character and sequence of social changes in work.

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ АГРОПРОМИСЛОВИХ КОМПЛЕКСІВ НА РОЗВИТОК СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ

2019 ◽  
pp. 204-218
Author(s):  
Oleg Rasskazov
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the issues of determining the impact and role of agro-industrial production on the development of rural areas, taking into account the rational and effective use of their potential to enhance their functioning and development. The conducted research showed that there was no strategy for the development of the above-mentioned processes and the lack of use of the opportunities created by the united territorial communities, which today received the prospects of a real impact on the activities of agricultural production. Therefore, it is suggested that in developing the concept of strategic development of this sphere of economy, to lay down strategies for integrated, sustainable and inclusive development on the basis of thorough research of the baseline provisions and basic scientific developments of national and foreign scientists on the subject. The key methodological provisions that should be the basis for the development of the agro-industrial development strategy are highlighted.

Give and Take

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitsan Chorev
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Know How ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Drug Manufacturing ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact

This book looks at local drug manufacturing in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda, from the early 1980s to the present, to understand the impact of foreign aid on industrial development. While foreign aid has been attacked by critics as wasteful, counterproductive, or exploitative, this book makes a clear case for the effectiveness of what it terms “developmental foreign aid.” Against the backdrop of Africa’s pursuit of economic self-sufficiency, the battle against AIDS and malaria, and bitter negotiations over affordable drugs, the book offers an important corrective to popular views on foreign aid and development. It shows that when foreign aid has provided markets, monitoring, and mentoring, it has supported the emergence and upgrading of local production. In instances where donors were willing to procure local drugs, they created new markets that gave local entrepreneurs an incentive to produce new types of drugs. In turn, when donors enforced exacting standards as a condition to access those markets, they gave these producers an incentive to improve quality standards. And where technical know-how was not readily available and donors provided mentoring, local producers received the guidance necessary for improving production processes. Without losing sight of domestic political-economic conditions, historical legacies, and foreign aid’s own internal contradictions, the book presents new insights into the conditions under which foreign aid can be effective.

scholarly journals The COVID-19-Led Reverse Migration on Labour Supply in Rural Economy: Challenges, Opportunities and Road Ahead in Odisha

2021 ◽  
pp. 001946622110132
Author(s):  
Minaketan Behera ◽  
Sibanarayan Mishra ◽  
Alok Ranjan Behera
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Income Loss ◽  
Reverse Migration ◽  
Alternative Livelihood ◽  
Sudden Rise ◽  
The Impact

Migration is a bigger option for earning and livelihood in Odisha either for push factors or pull factors, for which people move to other states in search of work and better wages. But COVID-19 emerged as a crippling blow for which huge reverse migration is being noticed in the state. So the study tried to investigate labour supply and employment opportunity in rural areas due to COVID-19-led reverse migration and to examine the impact of COVID-19 on employment status, income profile and livelihood of returned migrants in Odisha. The study also discusses the possible measures to create alternative livelihood by rebuilding the rural economy after COVID-19. Both secondary and primary data are used in the study. Descriptive statistics and regression model are used in the study to examine the vulnerability of migrants during the period of COVID-19. The study found a sudden rise in labour supply with a huge scale is catch sight of the rural economy of Odisha. Job loss is the biggest problem faced by migrants followed by income loss. The study found that income of migrants, household income excluding migrants and nature of work have significant impact on the vulnerability of migrants. JEL Classification Codes: J21, J22, J46

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Farm Households’ Vulnerability to Multidimensional Poverty in Rural China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1842
Author(s):  
Yuan Li Liu ◽  
Kai Zhu ◽  
Qi Yao Chen ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Jin Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the economy and livelihoods of people worldwide. To analyze the impact of the pandemic on material conditions, income levels, health conditions, industrial development and employment opportunities of farmers in China’s rural areas, especially poor areas and explore whether farmers can achieve stable poverty eradication during the COVID-19 pandemic, we interviewed 2662 farm households in poverty-stricken areas of China and used the multidimensional poverty measurement model, three-step feasible generalized least squares and propensity score matching to analyze data. We achieved the following results. First, the overall level of multidimensional poverty vulnerability index (MPVI) of the surveyed households was low and the MPVI of each dimension varied significantly. The MPVI of households in the treated group was higher than that of the control group. Second, COVID-19 increased farm households’ vulnerability to multidimensional poverty in poverty-stricken regions; MPVI increased by 27.9%. Third, COVID-19′s impact on various dimensions differed: the greatest impact was on the vulnerability to health deprivation, followed by industrial development, employment and income deprivation. However, the pandemic slightly reduced the vulnerability to material deprivation. Finally, we proposed various measures in response to the impact of the pandemic to assist farm households in poverty-stricken areas.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic status of the residents of the Gydansky Peninsula (Gydan)

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 865-868
Author(s):  
Elena V. Shinkaruk ◽  
E. V. Agbalyan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Buccal Epithelium ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Noninvasive Analysis ◽  
Cells With Micronuclei ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village ◽  
Nenets Autonomous

The relevance of the study on the Gydansky Peninsula lies in poor knowledge and inaccessibility of the territory, planned intensive industrial development of the Gydansky Peninsula, in 2011 there were received licenses for the exploration of license areas at the peninsula up to 2031. Industrial development will inevitably lead to certain environmental shifts, emission of the harmful substances into biosphere, the accumulation of anthropogenic pollutants in soil and water sources. The proposed development of the territory of the Peninsula Gydan sets the task of assessment of the impact of gas and oil production in conditions of the far North on health, as well indigenous persons as employees recruited to this of the region. One of the informative approaches to the assessment of population health is the assessment of the cytogenetic status with the use of noninvasive analysis of buccal epithelium. The aim of the study is to determine the cytogenetic status of the inhabitants of the village of Antipayuta of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug for the assessment of the impact of environmental factors on the health of the population at the present stage of the industrial development of the territory. Samples of buccal epithelium of 81 alien and indigenous people of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous district were the object of the investigation. There was performed the analysis of indices of cells of buccal epithelium of the residents living in the village in comparison with the control group. The analysis of samples was performed on a Nikon Eclipse E100 microscope. For the assessment of the cytogenetic status of the individual there was used the proposed by Sycheva L. P. (2012-Index of accumulation of cytogenetic damages (Iac). It is shown that the frequency of occurrence of micronucleus and nuclear protrusions does not exceed the performance of the control group. The index of accumulation of cytogenetic damage for the population of the village is 0.78±0.07% and corresponds to a low level. The analysis of indices of buccal epithelial cells of residents living in rural areas was performed in the comparison with the control group The prevalence rate of cells with micronuclei and protrusions were shown to account of 14.6% andfail to exceed indices in the control group. Accumulation index of cytogenetic damages for the village population is 0.78 ± 0.07 % and corresponds to the low level. The amount of cells with micronuclei and protrusions in the current study is by 14.6% lower than the average of the control group. The intensity of proliferative processes and apoptosis in the comparison groups occurs evenly.

scholarly journals The impact of demographic and socio-economic conditions on the prevalence of speech disorders in preschool children in Bitola

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domnika Rajchanovska ◽  
Ivanovska Zaifirova
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Children Speech ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Speech development in preschool children should be consistent with a child?s overall development. However, disorders of speech in childhood are not uncommon. Objective. The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of demographic and socio-economic conditions on the prevalence of speech disorders in preschool children in Bitola. Methods. The study is observational and prospective with two years duration. During the period from May 2009 to June 2011, 1607 children aged 3 and 5 years, who came for regular examinations, were observed. The following research methods were applied: pediatric examination, psychological testing (Test of Chuturik), interviews with parents and a questionnaire for behavior of children (Child Behavior Checklist - CBCL). Results. 1,607 children were analyzed, 772 aged three years, 835 aged five years, 51.65% male and 49.35% female. The prevalence of speech disorders was 37.65%. Statistical analysis showed that these disorders were more frequent in three years old children, males living in rural areas and in larger families. They did not have their own rooms at home, they were using mobile phones and were spending many hours per day watching television, (p<0.01). Also, children whose parents had lower levels of education and were engaged in agriculture, often had significant speech disorders, (p<0.01). Conclusion. Speech disorders in preschool children in Bitola have a high prevalence. Because of their influence on later cognitive development of children, the process requires cooperation among parents, children, speech and the audiologist with the significant role in prevention, early detection and treatment.

scholarly journals Micro Finance – A Catalyst in Accelerating the Growth of Indian Rural Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 6010-6012
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Water Education ◽  
The People ◽  
Quality Of Living ◽  
Money Transfer ◽  
The Impact

Growth of a nation does not refer to the development of infrastructure, innovations and technology. In fact it is truly associated with the development of all citizens in terms of their standard of living. A country travels in development path if all the people are caught up in the process of growth and enjoy quality of living by accessing to basic facilities of life such as food, clothing, housing, health, clean water, education, employment and good natural and social environment. It all happens when economy is sound and have consistent growth rate. In our country the economic growth rate is directly depends on the development of rural areas as it is the backbone to the economy. Providing financial support to rural people is a Hercules task as they do not maintain any formal and necessary documents, failing which banks or any other financial institutions do not grant even a single penny. In this connection, Microfinance institutions help the people in rural areas with a variety of services with minimal documentation. It includes loan, savings, credit, money transfer, insurance, pension and other financial innovations etc. In this research an attempt is made to ascertain new approaches to measure the impact of microfinance in the development of rural areas.

The Impact of Infrastructure Investment to Coordinated Urban and Rural Development in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Shi Jie Jiang ◽  
Li Yin Shen ◽  
Wei Sheng Lu ◽  
Li Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
The Impact

The paper describes the impact of infrastructure investment to coordinated urban and rural development in China from three aspects. First, infrastructure investment can alleviate the question of ‘three rural issues’ of facilitating agriculture, boosting rural economy, and raising farmers’ income. Second, infrastructure investment can enhance production and living conditions of farmers, improve social undertakings and help build well-off society. Third, infrastructure investment can improve ecological environment in rural areas.

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