Robotization of mounting and finishing operations in building

Robotica ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bock ◽  
Dmitriy Parschin ◽  
Alexei Bulgakov
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Movement Planning ◽  
Manual Work ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Technological Characteristics ◽  
Drive Control ◽  
High Level ◽  
Theoretical Results

Construction is of great interest in the application of practical and theoretical results in the field of robotics. The economic efficiency potential of using robots is defined by construction quantities, a high level of manual work, and hard and unfavorable working conditions. Mounting and finishing operations are the main focus for the practical use of robots. This paper describes technological characteristics of such operations, suggests kinematic structures for mounting and finishing operations, and provides kinematic model designs as examples. Taking into consideration the management details of mounting and finishing operations, this paper also makes recommendations on movement planning and on the formation of the laws of drive control. In the conclusion, recommendations on applying the results and using computer technologies in the development of control programs are presented.

Influence of negative aff ectivity, social suppression and anxiety on motivation for health and a healthy lifestyle in coal industry workers

2020 ◽  
pp. 354-358
Author(s):  
I. P. Danilov ◽  
N. I. Vlakh ◽  
V. I. Gugushvili ◽  
N. Ya. Paneva ◽  
T. D. Logunova
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Type D ◽  
Situational Anxiety ◽  
Personal Anxiety ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Of Motivation ◽  
Social Suppression

Introduction. A healthy lifestyle is one of the most eff ective methods of preserving health and preventing non-infectious diseases. The mechanisms and factors that infl uence the formation of motivation for health and a healthy lifestyle in employees engaged in harmful working conditions have not been suffi ciently studied. The study of these mechanisms will allow us to more eff ectively shape health-saving behavior.The aim of the study is to study negative aff ectivity, social suppression and anxiety in the formation of motivation to maintain health and a healthy lifestyle in coal industry workers.Materials and methods. A survey was conducted of 75 employees of mines and sections in the South of Kuzbass with an established diagnosis of occupational diseases, as well as 54 people who do not work in harmful working conditions (engineering and technical workers). Surveys were conducted using the method “Index of motivation to health and a healthy lifestyle”, the presence of personality type D was conducted using the DS14 questionnaire, the level of personal and situational anxiety was assessed using the Spielberger — Hanin questionnaire.Results. Th e level of motivation for health and a healthy lifestyle among patients with occupational diseases is signifi cantly lower than the level of motivation for the health of engineering and technical workers. Th e infl uence of negative reaction and social suppression on the level of motivation for health and a healthy lifestyle was not found. Th e level of situational anxiety also has no eff ect on health motivation. A higher level of personal anxiety among people with a high level of motivation for a healthy lifestyle was determined.Conclusions. Personal anxiety aff ects the level of motivation for health and a healthy lifestyle in people with occupational diseases. 

Assessment of professional risk of health of workers of the enterprise for repair of railway carriage

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
O. Klepikov ◽  
A. Boreyko ◽  
G. Kurenkova
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
High Level

The aim of the study was to assess the professional risk of developing diseases in workers of the railway car repair enterprise. The Voronezh Car Repair Plant, a branch of Vagonremmash Joint-Stock Company, was chosen as the object of study. Methods: «The methodology for calculating individual occupational risk depending on the working conditions and the health status of the employee», developed by the Klin Institute for Protection and Working Conditions in conjunction with the Research Institute of Occupational Medicine (2013), the main professions; cohort study with the calculation of the relative risk of morbidity with temporary disability, the odds ratio, the etiological share of factors in the formation of morbidity (group size: 250 people, experimental group — workers of the main specialties, 95 people — comparison group). Results. According to the research results, the priority factors of occupational health risk include: chemical, noise, heating microclimate, low light level. For certain professions, the share of the contribution of priority factors to the risk profile (PV) reaches 40 %. The indicator of individual occupational risk is 0.12 to 0.26 units. The high level of professional risk (0.22 ÷ 0.26) is characterized by the working conditions of the mechanics for the repair of rolling stock, machine tools (woodworking), casters (metal), thermists, plastic casters. In professional groups with medium and high risk, the indicator of the relative risk of morbidity with temporary disability is higher than 1 (RR = 1.75 and 1.39, respectively), and the etiological share of production factors in the formation of diseases is from 27.95 (subgroup with secondary professional risk) up to 42.88 % (a subgroup with high professional risk), which indicates the professional condition of the disease. Discussion. In general, our data are consistent with the results of similar studies conducted earlier at the car building and car repair enterprises. In order to ensure hygienically safe working conditions and preserve the health of workers, it is necessary to reduce the level of exposure to production factors, including through the introduction of modern equipment and improvement of technological processes.

A PROSPECTS OF THE SUPER-INTENSIVE UNSUPPORTED GARDENS ESTABLISHMENT OF COLUMNAR APPLE TREE VARIETIES

1970 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
S. А. Korneeva ◽  
Е. N. Sedov ◽  
T. V. Янчук
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dwarf Rootstocks

Columnar apple cultivars are optimally suited to lay apple tree plantings using intensive technology, which provides for super-dense placement of trees. The article considers a variant of growing columnar apple cultivars on inserts of dwarf rootstocks 3-17-38 and 62-396. The use of dwarf rootstocks 3-17-38 and 62-396 as intercalar inserts in the cultivation of columnar apple cultivars, along with good anchoring of plants, provides high precocity, productivity and economic efficiency of planting. All the costs of laying the orchard and annual works on agrotechnical care of the trees were paid off in the fourth year after planting.The economic and biological features of the columnar cultivars provided not only a quick return of the investments, but also a high level of profitability. The profitability of the studied columnar planting for the 6th year after planting (2020) on average for all cultivars was 106.0 % on the insert of the dwarf rootstock 62-396 and 104.7 % on the insert 3-17-38. The profit received on average for the plantings amounted to 2 378 661 rubles per ha. In the group of the studied cultivars, there is a difference in economic efficiency. The lowest level of productivity and profitability was in the Vostorg cultivar: on average, on two inserts, the yield in 2020 was 27.3 t/ha and the profitability was 66.6%. The Girlyanda cultivar was characterized by the maximum yield and profitability: 88.0 t/ha and 115.8%, respectively.

Genetic variability in the natural populations of Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), detected by RAPD markers and by esterase isozymes

2015 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Coelho-Bortolo ◽  
C.A. Mangolin ◽  
A.S. Lapenta
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Lasioderma Serricorne ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Dried Fruit ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Degree

AbstractLasioderma serricorne (F.) is a small cosmopolitan beetle regarded as a destructive pest of several stored products such as grains, flour, spices, dried fruit and tobacco. Chemical insecticides are one of the measures used against the pest. However, intensive insecticide use has resulted in the appearance of resistant insect populations. Therefore, for the elaboration of more effective control programs, it is necessary to know the biological aspects of L. serricorne. Among these aspects, the genetic variability knowledge is very important and may help in the development of new control methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability of 11 natural populations of L. serricorne collected respectively in three and four towns in the states of Paraná and São Paulo, Brazil, using 20 primers random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and polymorphisms of esterases. These primers produced 352 polymorphic bands. Electrophoretic analysis of esterases allowed the identification of four polymorphic loci (Est-2, Est-4, Est-5 and Est-6) and 18 alleles. Results show that populations are genetically differentiated and there is a high level of genetic variability within populations. The high degree of genetic differentiation is not directly correlated to geographical distance. Thus, our data indicate that movement of infested commodities may contribute to the dissemination of L. serricorne, facilitating gene flow.

scholarly journals Maintenance of Labor Resources as Fundamentals of Sustainable Manufacturing Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Karyna Danova ◽  
Viktoriia Malysheva ◽  
Volodymyr Rosokha ◽  
Irina Glushenkova ◽  
Nataliia Popovych
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
High Level ◽  
Additional Labor ◽  
Working Processes

It is impossible to ensure sustainable business development without solving the maintenance of labor resources issues that are included in the manufacturing process, as well as involving new employees to increase labor potential. The company can effectively confront the new challenges by attracting highly qualified employees for whom a high level of safety is important. Therefore, an important direction of sustainable business development is to increase the level of safety and create a comfortable working environment and optimize working processes to increase the efficiency of production activities, as well as prepare for the challenges that may arise in the process of company development. The article analyzes the statistics and structure of the socio-economic damage to business due to unsatisfactory working conditions and a high level of injuries on the example of the machine-building sector, and also considers aspects of maintenance of labor resources and ways to involve additional labor resources to ensure sustainable manufacturing development. Based on conducted analysis, an algorithm of implementation of managerial decisions was developed, aimed at ensuring the safety of personnel who carry out the work activities at the workplace, taking into account the modern concept of the “green workplace”. Involvement in the working process of additional labor reserves is carried out by creating favorable working conditions, assessing the special needs and level of ability of workers for optimization of working processes and increasing their efficiency. Keywords: Labor Resources, Sustainable Development, Safety, Disability.

scholarly journals Identifying Schools With High Usage and High Loss of Newly Qualified Teachers

2018 ◽  
Vol 243 ◽  
pp. R27-R36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Sims ◽  
Rebecca Allen
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
Teacher Shortages ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Qualified Teachers ◽  
High Level ◽  
Flow Of Information ◽  
Policy Solutions ◽  
Newly Qualified Teachers

In England, teacher shortages have worsened in recent years and one contributor is the declining rates of retention among newly qualified teachers (NQTs). We employ a method developed in the health-statistics literature to identify schools that both recruit an unusually high level of NQTs and lose an unusually high level of NQTs from the profession. We show that this small group of schools, which are likely characterised by poor working conditions, are responsible for a disproportionately large amount of attrition from the teaching profession. This has a material effect on overall teacher shortages and comes at a high cost to taxpayers. Policy solutions, including improving the flow of information to NQTs to help them avoid such schools, are discussed

Problems of Improving Working Capacity of the Operators at High-Tech Industries

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
N.L. Vishnevskaya ◽  
◽  
L.V. Plakhova ◽  
M.Yu. Liskova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Industrial Complexes ◽  
Persistent Fatigue ◽  
Process Work ◽  
High Level

Modern high-tech industry intensifies the production load on operators. The problem of maintaining a high level of working capacity and error-free work is growing. Earlier studies revealed that the work of operators in hermetically sealed rooms is characterized by the following: monotony, hypokinesia, lack of psychological and industrial contacts, static muscle tension, as well as a lot of frequently repeated small movements caused by the fact that the technical system is controlled indirectly — through the remote control. The operator is affected by the factors of a closed production environment (microclimate) and the labor process (work and rest mode, long working shifts), which together form a general status called fatigue. The main factor that causes fatigue is the integral extensive intensity of the activity. The dynamics of physiological processes characterizing fatigue and the possibility of erroneous actions were evaluated. It is established that low-intensity factors, which form the working conditions of operators of high-tech industrial complexes, provoke persistent fatigue, a decrease in the functional reserves of the body, the development and aggravation of professionally caused diseases. The degree of fatigue was assessed by the indicators of the latent time of sensorimotor reactions, the stability of attention and the error of actions. The obtained data confirm the need in developing effective ways and means of maintaining working capacity. In particular, the regulated breaks and pauses filled with the specially developed schemes of isometric exercises, should be introduced (according to a special schedule) into the work and rest mode with a 12-hour schedule. The study substantiates the need for further making recommendations on the development of preventive measures to optimize the working conditions of the operators in high-tech industries.

Blockchain for Islamic Social Responsibility Institutions

2019 ◽  
pp. 221-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moutaz Abojeib ◽  
Farrukh Habib
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Traditional Technologies ◽  
High Level

Blockchain and smart contracts are forming new systems to record and manage businesses with less need for intermediaries. The new systems are expected to offer high level of governance with lower cost as compared to the traditional technologies. While there is a continuous effort to apply this innovative technology in several businesses, Islamic finance in general—and Islamic social finance in particular—are facing few challenges that could be solved by such innovations. Islamic social finance institutions such as waqf are facing some challenges in enhancing its governance structure to ensure Shariah compliance as well as economic efficiency. This chapter explains how blockchain and smart contract technologies can help these institutions for better governance, lower transaction cost, more transparency, and higher trust, hence enhancing the business flexibility and market accessibility. It also presents some related cases that are currently under development as an evidence for the practicality of these technologies in the Islamic social finance arena.

Blockchain for Islamic Social Responsibility Institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1114-1128
Author(s):  
Moutaz Abojeib ◽  
Farrukh Habib
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Traditional Technologies ◽  
High Level

Blockchain and smart contracts are forming new systems to record and manage businesses with less need for intermediaries. The new systems are expected to offer high level of governance with lower cost as compared to the traditional technologies. While there is a continuous effort to apply this innovative technology in several businesses, Islamic finance in general—and Islamic social finance in particular—are facing few challenges that could be solved by such innovations. Islamic social finance institutions such as waqf are facing some challenges in enhancing its governance structure to ensure Shariah compliance as well as economic efficiency. This chapter explains how blockchain and smart contract technologies can help these institutions for better governance, lower transaction cost, more transparency, and higher trust, hence enhancing the business flexibility and market accessibility. It also presents some related cases that are currently under development as an evidence for the practicality of these technologies in the Islamic social finance arena.

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