scholarly journals Effects of bamboo dominance and palm-heart harvesting on the phylogenetic structure of the seed and seedling communities in an old-growth Atlantic Forest

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
Daniella Schweizer ◽  
Débora Cristina Rother ◽  
Ana Elena Muler ◽  
Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues ◽  
Marco Aurélio Pizo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Palm Heart ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Seedling Community

Abstract:A comprehensive assessment of the effect of disturbances on tropical and subtropical forests is needed to better understand their impacts on forest structure and diversity. Although taxonomic and functional diversity measures have been successfully adopted in this context, phylogenetic diversity metrics are still poorly explored. We compared the phylogenetic structure of the seed rain and regenerating seedling community in patches of an old-growth Atlantic Forest remnant dominated or not by a ruderal bamboo species, Guadua tagoara. We sampled those patches before and after illegal harvesting of the palm Euterpe edulis thus assessing if the harvesting led to changes in the phylogenetic structure of the seed rain and the regenerating community in both patches. Bamboo-dominated patches showed a significantly higher presence of species in the seed rain that were more distantly related to each other in the phylogeny than expected by chance compared with patches without bamboos, but this difference disappeared after palm-heart harvesting. Contrary to what we expected, we did not find significant changes in the phylogenetic structure of seedlings before or after palm-heart harvesting. The phylogenetic structure at the tips of the phylogeny was random overall. The maintenance of a higher presence of far relatives in the phylogeny of the seedling community suggests, assuming trait conservatism, that despite bamboo dominance and palm-heart harvesting, functional diversity is being preserved at least in the early regenerating stages and in the time frame of the study. However, higher presence of pioneer taxa after palm-heart harvest indicates that this disturbance may lead old-growth areas to earlier successional stages.

Tortoise beetles of an Atlantic Forest remnant in south Minas Gerais, Brazil: host plants and life history

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-60
Author(s):  
Paula A. A. Gomes ◽  
Marcel G. Hermes ◽  
Flávia R. Fernandes ◽  
Fernando A. Frieiro-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Forest Remnant

scholarly journals Spatial continuity of soil attributes in an Atlantic Forest remnant in the Mantiqueira Range, MG

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela de Castro Nunes Santos ◽  
José Marcio de Mello ◽  
Carlos Rogério de Mello ◽  
Léo Fernandes Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Dependence Structure ◽  
Spatial Continuity ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Spatial Dependence Structure

The spatial characterization of soil attributes is fundamental for the understanding of forest ecosystems. The objective of this work was to develop a geostatistical study of chemical and physical soil attributes at three depths (D1 - 0-20 cm; D2 - 20-50 cm; D3 - 50-100 cm), in an Experimental Hydrographic Micro-catchment entirely covered by Atlantic Forest, in the Mantiqueira Range region, Minas Gerais. All the considered variables presented spatial dependence structure in the three depths, and the largest degrees of spatial dependence were observed for pH in the three depths, soil cation exchange capacity potential in D3, soil organic matter in D1 and D3 and clay and soil bulk density in D2. The method most used for the adjustments of semi-variogram models was the Maximum Likelihood and the most selected model was the Exponential. Furthermore, the ordinary kriging maps allowed good visualization of the spatial distribution of the variables.

scholarly journals Amphibians and reptiles of the Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR), SP: an Atlantic Forest remnant of Southeastern Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cybele de Oliveira Araujo ◽  
Thais Helena Condez ◽  
Rafael Parelli Bovo ◽  
Fernanda da Cruz Centeno ◽  
Amom Mendes Luiz
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The South ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
São Paulo State

The herpetofauna of São Paulo State, Brazil, can be characterized as the most well-known in the country. However, despite the large number of studies in this area, there are still many sampling gaps within biomes such as the Atlantic Forest that are considered global conservation priorities due to the high rate of endemism and human disturbance. As a result of political and historical pressure, this biome has been reduced to less than 12% of its original extent and, despite its importance for global biodiversity conservation, only a small percentage of its original vegetation cover (1%) has some form of legal protection. This is the case of the Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR) which, together with the Parque Estadual de Intervales, Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho and Mosaico de Unidades de Conservação de Jacupiranga, forms of an ombrophilous forest continuum of 360 thousand ha in the south of São Paulo State. This study presents a list of amphibians and reptiles from the PETAR, with information on the local distribution and habitat use of the species. The survey was conducted from October to December 2009, completing a total of 15 sampling days using four complementary methods of active sampling: visual encounters, auditory encounters, searches by car and incidental encounters. We recorded a total of 91 species belonging to 53 genera and 24 families. This high diversity can be attributed to the existence of a wide variety of habitats and microhabitats in this region, such as the various aquatic sites used by many species of anuran amphibians. Moreover, the PETAR features a large altitudinal gradient (80 - 1,160 m elevation) that gives a large climatic, geological and hydrological heterogeneity to the area. This inventory is an important contribution to the expansion of knowledge about these assemblages in the Atlantic Forest to the south of Serra de Paranapiacaba mountain range, and provides support for the conservation of these groups in São Paulo State.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and structure of Dorstenia elata (Moraceae) in an Atlantic Forest remnant

Rodriguésia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Aparecida Ribeiro Martins ◽  
Rodrigo Monte Lorenzoni ◽  
Ronald Martins Pereira Júnior ◽  
Fábio Demolinari de Miranda ◽  
Milene Miranda Praça Fontes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
The Road ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Issr Primers

Abstract Plant species that show gregarious spatial distribution and endemism to the Atlantic Forest, such as Dorstenia elata, are particularly sensitive to the effects of genetic diversity loss. In the present study, we aimed to quantify the genetic diversity in native populations of this species in an Atlantic Forest remnant. The sample included three aggregates of individuals, and molecular characterization was performed with twelve ISSR primers. Intrapopulation analyses were based on the calculation of the Shannon index; total expected heterozygosity and the matrix of distances between pairs of individuals were also calculated. The obtained grouping dendrogram evinced the formation of two groups. Interpopulation investigations were based on the analysis of molecular variance and the estimate of historical gene flow. The results demonstrate that one group comprised the genotypes from two subpopulations, and the other contained exclusively the genotypes of a third subpopulation. The greatest genetic variability was observed within rather than among populations, indicating that the geographical distance and the road that divides the studied populations are not causing loss of genetic diversity.

scholarly journals First Record of Scirtidae (Coleoptera) Associated With Decaying Carcasses in the Neotropical Region

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-172
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Cesar Azevedo Pereira Farias ◽  
Daniel Dal-Bó ◽  
Wellington Emanuel dos Santos ◽  
Antonio José Creão-Duarte ◽  
Patricia Jacqueline Thyssen
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
First Record ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Mata Atlântica ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mata Atlantica ◽  
Pig Carcasses

During a two-year study on the insect fauna associated with pig carcasses in an Atlantic forest remnant in João Pessoa, state of Paraíba, Brazil, 127 adult Scirtes sp. were collected. This is the first record of specimens of the family Scirtidae associated with carcasses in the Neotropical region. Primeiro Registro de Scirtidae (Coleoptera) Associado a Carcaças em Decomposição na Região Neotropical Resumo. Durante um estudo de dois anos da entomofauna associada a carcaças de suínos em um remanescente de Mata Atlântica em João Pessoa, PB, Brasil, foram coletados 127 indivíduos de Scirtes sp. Este é o primeiro registro de exemplares da família Scirtidae associados a carcaças na região Neotropical.

scholarly journals Bionomy of Mosquitoes in Bamboo Internodes in an Atlantic Forest Remnant of the State of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-215
Author(s):  
Amanda Queiroz Bastos ◽  
Paulo José Leite ◽  
Cecilia Ferreira de Mello ◽  
Daniele Aguiar Maia ◽  
Sergio Lisboa Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Immature Development ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Mosquito Oviposition

ABSTRACT Living bamboo stalks are one of the most specialized habitats for mosquito oviposition and immature development. Most of the mosquito species that breed in these habitats are sylvatic, and some are of importance for public health as possible vectors of pathogens. Perforated internodes are a very specialized environment due to the difficulty of access. Furthermore, due to their relatively simple fauna, they represent a valuable model for ecological studies that may be applicable to more complex environments. This study aims to assess the mosquito bionomics of species raised in bamboo internodes. Therefore, the diversity of mosquito species and the influence of abiotic variables (pH and temperature) on the distribution of mosquitoes that breed in this habitat were analyzed. The study area is a fragment of Atlantic Forest within the Association of da Armada (ATA) in Nova Iguaçu, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Immature mosquitoes were sampled with suction tubes (mouth aspirators) between August 2017 and July 2018. A total of 3,170 larvae were collected in 5 bamboo plants, each with 8 stalks perforated. Of these, 688 larvae reached the adult stage, representing 10 genera and 19 species. The most common species were Culex neglectus (43%), Trichoprosopon digitatum (22%), Culex iridescens (8%), Sabethes identicus (7%), and Orthopodomyia albicosta (7%). The richness of the immatures collected in the ATA was 19 species, with a diversity of 1.10 and Shannon evenness of 0.57. A diverse composition of Culicidae in bamboo stalks was found, although dominance was low.

scholarly journals The Effect of Concussive Injury on Individual Game Performance in Professional Collision-Sport Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 769-773
Author(s):  
Corey P. Ochs ◽  
Melissa C. Kay ◽  
Johna K. Register-Mihalik
Keyword(s):  
Professional Sports ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Final Study ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Game Performance ◽  
Concussive Injury

Clinical Scenario: Collision sports are often at higher risk of concussion due to the physical nature and style of play. Typically, initial clinical recovery occurs within 7 to 10 days; however, even this time frame may result in significant time lost from play. Little has been done in previous research to analyze how individual game performance may be affected upon return to play postconcussion. Focused Clinical Question: Upon return-to-play clearance, how does sport-related concussion affect game performance of professional athletes in collision sports? Summary of Key Findings: All 3 studies included found no significant change in individual performance of professional collision-sport athletes upon returning to play from concussive injury. One of the studies indicated that there was no difference in performance for NFL athletes who did not miss a single game (returned within 7 d) and those who missed at least 1 game. One study indicated that although there was no change in performance of NFL players upon returning to play from sustained concussion, there was a decline in performance in the 2 weeks before the diagnosed injury and appearing on the injury report. The final study indicated that there was no difference in performance or style of play of NHL athletes who missed time due to concussive injury when compared with athletes who missed games for a noninjury factor. Clinical Bottom Line: There was no change in performance upon return from concussive injury suggesting that players appear to be acutely recovered from the respective concussion before returning to play. This suggests that current policies and management properly evaluate and treat concussed athletes of these professional sports. Strength of Recommendation: Grade C evidence exists that there is no change in individual game performance in professional collision-sport athletes before and after suffering a concussion.

Ecology of the Atlantic Forest

Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Damstra ◽  
Cristina Banks-Leite
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Habitat Transformation ◽  
Golden Lion Tamarin ◽  
Palm Heart ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Unique Domain

Extending along the southern coast of Brazil, into Argentina and Paraguay, the Atlantic Forest is a domain that once covered 150 Mha and includes many distinct forest subtypes and ecosystems. Its large latitudinal (29˚) and altitudinal (0–2,800 m above sea level) range, as well as complex topography in the region, has created microclimates within forest subtypes, which has led to biodiversity specifically adapted to narrow ecological ranges. The region is incredibly species-rich and is home to charismatic or economically important species such as the black and golden lion tamarin, the red-browned Amazon parrot, and the highly prized palm heart from Euterpe edulis. Through widespread human-driven change dating back to the arrival of European settlers in 1500, this realm has been extensively reduced, fragmented, and modified. Nowadays, this region is home to about 130 million people (60 percent of the Brazilian population) and is responsible for producing 70 percent of Brazil’s GDP, putting a strain on natural resources and providing challenges to conservation. Due to its high levels of endemic species coupled with a high threat of habitat loss and fragmentation, the Atlantic Forest has been identified as a “biodiversity hotspot.” Numerous studies have assessed the effects of habitat transformation on biodiversity and the consensus is that the majority of species are negatively affected. It is puzzling however that few species have actually gone extinct in the wild, even if some extinctions might have gone undetected. Extinctions do not immediately follow habitat change, there is often a time lag of many decades between habitat transformation and extinction. This may suggest that many species in the Atlantic Forest are “living deads,” as despite their presence the available habitat no longer supports their requirements. It also suggests that there is a window of opportunity to restoring the domain to avert extinctions before they are realized. Current research and policy actions are geared toward optimizing restoration and increasing the extent of native forest cover, bringing hope to the conservation of this unique domain.

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