A Fractured Position in a Stable Partnership: Ebba Hult, Gerard De Geer, and Early Twentieth Century Swedish Geology

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staffan Bergwik
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Structural Nature ◽  
Individual Actions ◽  
Geological Research

ArgumentThis article explores the scientific partnership between geology professor Gerard De Geer and his wife Ebba Hult following their marriage in 1908. De Geer was an influential participant in Swedish academia and international geology. Hult worked as his assistant until his death in 1943. The partnership was beneficial for both spouses, in particular through the semi-private Geochronological Institute, which they controlled. The article argues that marriage was a culturally acknowledged form of collaboration in the academic community, and as such it offered Hult access to geological research. However, the paper also argues that the gendered scientific institutions produced a fractured position. Partly, Hult managed to create her own role as researcher in geochronology. As a woman and a wife, however, she never moved out of her husband's shadow. Gender is understood as a relational category: Hult was an outsider who participated partially in standardized structures which gave great power to her husband and other men. The fact that she shared this status with other women in Swedish science at the time indicates the structural nature of their position. Nevertheless, they all had individual trajectories through academia. Indeed, the study of collaborative couples illustrates the multifaceted links between individual actions and the historical context of science.

Concepción Arenal and the place of women in modern international law

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 211-253
Author(s):  
Ignacio de la Rasilla
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal History ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
International Congress ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
History Of International Law ◽  
Academic Study

Summary This article examines the long-forgotten first book-length treatise on international law ever published by a woman in the history of international law. The first part places Concepción Arenal’s Ensayo sobre el Derecho de gentes (1879) in the historical context of the dawn of the international legal codification movement and the professionalisation of the academic study of international law. The second part surveys the scattered treatment that women as objects of international law and women’s individual contributions to international law received in international law histories up to the early twentieth century. It then draws many parallels between Arenal’s work and the influential resolutions of the first International Congress of Women in 1915 and surveys related developments during the interwar years. The conclusion highlights the need of readdressing the invisibility of women in international legal history.

scholarly journals Progress and Protest in Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Presbyterianism

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
CHAD VAN DIXHOORN
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Theological Education ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Gospel ◽  
Theological Seminary ◽  
Woodrow Wilson ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This Article Surveys The Presbyterian Conflict In America At The Turn Of The Twentieth Century, Which Was Marked By A Drive For Progress And A Reaction Of Protest. After Setting Up The Historical Context, It Looks At “progress” In Action, Theology, Preaching, And Presidents. It Then Focuses On The Protest Of J. Gresham Machen, Who Was Engaged In Church Debates And Publications (e.g., Christianity And Liberalism) And Who, In Response To Progressive Theology, Founded Westminster Theological Seminary, An Independent Mission Board, And A New Denomination. It Concludes With Observations About The Continuing Witness Of Westminster Seminary. KEYWORDS: Social Gospel, Progressive Theology, Presbyterian Conflict, Woodrow Wilson, Auburn Affirmation, J. Gresham Machen, Westminster Theological Seminary, Theological Education, Mission, Westminster Confession Of Faith

Barefoot Boston Boy Becomes Movie Man

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Initial Work ◽  
Jewish Immigrants

This chapter details Levine’s early life, from his birth to his initial work as a film exhibitor, distributor, and promoter. Levine grew up in the horrible poverty of Boston’s West End, and the details of his early life are placed into the historical context of early twentieth-century Boston. As the son of Russian Jewish immigrants, Levine not only experienced poverty but also anti-Semitism, and these experiences helped to shape the man he would become. Levine’s numerous early business ventures are also explored, as are his early days as a movie exhibitor and promoter and the importance of his marriage to Rosalie.

THE ANXIETIES OF TIME IN THE SOCIAL LYRICS OF KYAZIM MECHIEV

Kavkazologiya ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 181-193
Author(s):  
T.Sh. BITTIROVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Protest ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
First Time

This article aims to determine the place of the topic of social justice in the work of the classic of Karachai-Balkarian literature Kyazim Mechiev and the forms of its artistic embodiment. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time the poet's social lyrics are viewed in a broad historical context, in relation to the chronotope. The results obtained showed the scale of the poet's thinking, his sensitivity to historical and political transformations in the life of highland society. The work establishes how the events of the early twentieth century are refracted through the author's worldview and what place the theme of social protest occupies in the poetic heritage of the classic of Karachai-Balkarian literature K.B. Mechiev. Analyzed the poems of K. Mechiev, dedicated to the pre-revolutionary and revolutionary events, the civil war, their accordance to historical realities. The article reveals the depth and scale of reflection of the challenges of the time in the poet's work, his pain, despair and hope.

Constitutionalism in Poetry, Poetry in Constitutionalism: Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ Ibrāhīm’s Imagining of Contemporary Constitutional Movements

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Urs Gösken
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Boundaries ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Constitutional Revolution

This paper focuses on the sociocultural and historical context in which the Egyptian poet Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ Ibrāhīm (c. 1872–1932) represented contemporary constitutional movements in the Muslim world, with special emphasis on developments in the Ottoman Empire and in late nineteenth- to early twentieth-century Egypt – back then, at least nominally, still a part of it – and extending to Iran’s Constitutional Revolution. References in Ḥāfiẓ Ibrāhīm’s poetry to constitutionalism in Japan will also be discussed in order to point out that the poet, while closely following constitutional movements in the Ottoman Empire and in Iran, in fact viewed constitutionalism as an historical process transcending geographical and cultural boundaries. Therefore, we shall also try to identify the general idea of history underlying Ḥāfiẓ Ibrāhīm’s portrayal of constitutionalism. Comparative references to constitutional poetry in Iran of that time are intended to point out the supra-regional dimension both of constitutionalism itself and of poetical modes of imagining it. Likewise, this approach is designed to make the point that constitutional poetry in the Muslim world at that time was more than just poetic commentary on constitutional movements; it was itself part of them.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginald K. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
College Presidents ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black College ◽  
Academic Leaders ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Negro Race

The introduction provides an overview of the research and places James Edward Shepard in historical context by analyzing the discourse of race relations in North Carolina. I examine the dialogue of black Durham’s participation in the “race issue” of the early twentieth century and evaluate black higher education throughout the United States during this time period. I discuss the famous Washington versus Du Bois debate. This chapter also presents the main argument of the manuscript--that black college presidents of the early twentieth century were more than academic leaders. They were race leaders, as can be seen in the case of Dr. James Edward Shepard. For these presidents the real debate was not the struggle between liberal arts and vocational education but “what was the most practical way to uplift the Negro Race.”

Our Saviour Dionysos: Humanism and Theology in Gilbert Murray's Bakkhai

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-42
Author(s):  
Simon Perris
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Greek Tragedy ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Greek Drama ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Verse Drama ◽  
Secular Humanist

This article analyses the 1902 translation of Euripides’ Bakkhai by the renowned scholar, internationalist, and popularizer of Greek drama, Gilbert Murray. In particular, Murray's syncretistic use of religious diction in the translation is contrasted with his secular humanist reading of the play: throughout the translation, pagan, Olympian polytheism is described in Christian terminology. I conclude that this apparent contradiction reflects the early twentieth-century literary-historical context in which Murray operated, and his own idiosyncratic, ritualist reading of the play and of Greek tragedy in general. Murray interpreted Bakkhai as a ‘secular mystery play’ in celebration of humanism, but he lacked the poetic resources to express this in verse without recourse to Christian phraseology. Within Murray's overall project of popularizing Greek drama, this translation stands as a significant, influential experiment in post-Victorian secular-mystical verse drama.

scholarly journals Research travel and disciplinary identities in the University of Cambridge, 1885–1955

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL HEFFERNAN ◽  
HEIKE JÖNS
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Research University ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
Field Laboratory ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The University

AbstractThis article considers the role of overseas academic travel in the development of the modern research university, with particular reference to the University of Cambridge from the 1880s to the 1950s. The Cambridge academic community, relatively sedentary at the beginning of this period, became progressively more mobile and globalized through the early twentieth century, facilitated by regular research sabbaticals. The culture of research travel diffused at varying rates, and with differing consequences, across the arts and humanities and the field, laboratory and theoretical sciences, reshaping disciplinary identities and practices in the process. The nature of research travel also changed as the genteel scholarly excursion was replaced by the purposeful, output-orientated expedition.

The Outline of the History of Mounting Art on Paper in Poland in the 19th and 20th Centuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 173-195
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Garczewska-Semka
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
National Library ◽  
Visual Form ◽  
Historical Collections ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of

Abstract The National Library of Poland holds three historical collections with a unified visual form. The arrangement of the Wilanów collection was carried out in the first half of the nineteenth century, whereas the Krasiński collection was arranged in the early twentieth century respectively the 1950’s or 1960’s in the case of drawings by Norwid. This contribution describes the structure of mountings found in these collections, as well as the historical context in which they were created. It serves as a starting point to provide an outline of the history of conservation methods and preservation of prints’ and drawings’ collections in Poland.

Roman Britain since Haverfield

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Millett
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
First Century ◽  
Roman Britain ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
The Subject

This chapter reviews the history of research on Roman Britain from the early twentieth century down to the first decade of the twenty-first century. It discusses changes in the scope and character of research activities with a particular emphasis on the historical context and the personal and professional connections between those involved in the subject. This involves looking at the links between teachers and their students as well as the networks created by joint participation in fieldwork. This analysis includes a summary of the networks connecting the contributors to this Handbook. The principal figures active in the study of Roman Britain are discussed and key publications on the subject evaluated in the context of changing patterns of research.

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