Requests and responses in children's speech

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Garvey
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Nursery School ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Indirect Requests ◽  
Children's Speech ◽  
Conversational Sequences

ABSTRACTAn investigation of children's ability to convey and respond to requests for action was based on the spontaneous speech of 36 dyads of nursery school children (3; 6–5; 7). Direct request forms (e.g. Give me the hammer) were frequent and the majority were acknowledged verbally. Examination of the contexts of direct requests indicated that speaker and addressee shared an understanding of the interpersonal meaning factors relevant to requesting. These meaning factors were invoked in justifying, refusing and in repeating or paraphrasing a request, and they also provided a basis for the communication of indirect requests. Examples of inferred requests are discussed, and a relationship between the structure of the speech act and conversational sequences is proposed.

Word Position and Grammatical Function in Relation to Preschoolers' Speech Disfluency

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen-Marie Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Nursery School ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Word Position ◽  
Interview Situation ◽  
School Classroom ◽  
Speech Disfluency ◽  
Children's Speech

Spontaneous speech samples were tape-recorded from 10 4-yr.-old nonstutterers in their nursery school classroom and in an interview situation. The samples were analyzed to determine whether the children tended to be disfluent on initial words of utterances and on pronouns and conjunctions. The tendency for beginning stutterers to stutter on such words is considered part of the symptomatology of Phase I, or beginning, stuttering. The children in this study demonstrated a statistically significant tendency in both situations to be disfluent on these words. Thus, the tendency to produce speech interruptions at the beginning of utterances and on pronouns and conjunctions appears to be a characteristic of young children's speech production rather than an aspect of the symptomatology of beginning stuttering.

Racial Recognition by Nursery School Children in Lynchburg, Virginia

Social Forces ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Morland
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Nursery School

scholarly journals Prevalence of and factors associated with overweight and obesity among nursery school children aged 3-6 years in Eldoret Municipality

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (65) ◽  
pp. 9257-9271
Author(s):  
FB Wandia ◽  
◽  
GK Ettyang ◽  
G Mbagaya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
School Children ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Nursery School ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity

Childhood overweight and obesity is a serious emerging problem in both developed and developing countries. The developed world is already grappling with a proportionately high burden of obesity in children, with the developing countries experiencing a double burden of under nutrition and over nutrition. Obesity posses a significant public health threat to children as it has a significant impact on both their physical and psychological health. Furthermore, childhood overweight and obesity has been associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk factors in adult life. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among nursery school children aged 3-6 years in Eldoret Municipality and to identify the associated factors. Crosssectional study of 320 nursery school children aged 3-6 years was carried out in 20 nursery schools sampled from Eldoret Municipality. Simple random sampling proportionate to each of the schools population size was used to select the children. A child’s anthropometric data, which was converted to Weight – for- Height z-scores, was used to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Anthropometric data was analyzed using WHO anthro software for child standards in monitoring and growth. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 12.0 and Epi Info version 3.4.3. Chi-square test of association and logistic regression (binary) was used to determine the significant variables affecting the prevalence of overweight and obesity. All p values <0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results indicated that the prevalence of overweight was 13.4% and obesity 6.9%. Type of school, owning television, parent’s employment status and mode of transport to school were each independently significantly associated with overweight and obesity of the children. In conclusion, overweight and obesity exist in nursery school children in Eldoret Municipality, Kenya. Increase in physical activities should be ensured both at home and in the communities.

scholarly journals TINDAK TUTUR PERMINTAAN DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA DI KALANGAN MAHASISWA

Diksi ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Listiyorini
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Special Functions ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Form Function ◽  
Indirect Requests ◽  
Speech Situation ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Made In

This study aims to describe the speech act of requests in Indonesian, theirdeterminant factors, and their special functions. The data sources were spoken requests bystudents. The data were collected by taping them and were analyzed by grouping them andinterpreting them contextually. The results show that there are direct and indirect requests.Direct requests are made in imperatives, and indirect requests are made in statements orquestions. Sometimes a combination of an imperative and a question and that of a questionand a question are employed in requests. Politeness in requests is marked by certainexpressions, such as tolong, ayo/yo/yok/yuk, mari, coba, maaf and mohon. The socialcontext influencing the choice of requests includes the intimacy of the speaker andinterlocutor, the speech situation, the age difference between the speaker and interlocutor,and the speaker’s cultural background. The special functions of requests include that ofasking for or borrowing an object, of asking the interlocutor to do something, ofwelcoming, of inviting, and of prohibiting.Keywords: speech act, form, function, politeness

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