Speech-like vocalizations in infancy: an evaluation of potential risk factors

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kimbrough Oller ◽  
Rebecca E. Eilers ◽  
Michele L. Steffens ◽  
Michael P. Lynch ◽  
Richard Urbano
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Vocal Development ◽  
Laboratory Personnel ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

ABSTRACTThis work reports longitudinal evaluation of the speech-like vocal development of infants born at risk due to prematurity or low socio-economic status (SES) and infants not subject to such risk. Twenty infants were preterm (10 of low SES) and 33 were full term (16 of low SES), and all were studied from 0;4 through 1;6. The study provides the indication that at-risk infants are not generally delayed in the ability to produce well-formed speech-like sounds as indicated in taperecorded vocal samples. At the same time, premature infants show a tendency to produce well-formed syllables less consistently than full terms after the point at which parents and laboratory personnel note the onset of the canonical babbling stage (the point after which well-formed syllables are well established in the infant vocal repertoires). Further, even though low SES infants produce well-formed speech-like structures on schedule, they show a reliably lower tendency to vocalize in general, as reflected by fewer utterances per minute in recorded samples.

scholarly journals Influence of socio-economic status on Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection incidence, risk factors and clinical features

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Adams ◽  
L. Byrne ◽  
T. C. Rose ◽  
G. K. Adak ◽  
C. Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection can cause serious illness including haemolytic uraemic syndrome. The role of socio-economic status (SES) in differential clinical presentation and exposure to potential risk factors amongst STEC cases has not previously been reported in England. We conducted an observational study using a dataset of all STEC cases identified in England, 2010–2015. Odds ratios for clinical characteristics of cases and foodborne, waterborne and environmental risk factors were estimated using logistic regression, stratified by SES, adjusting for baseline demographic factors. Incidence was higher in the highest SES group compared to the lowest (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.19–2.00). Odds of Accident and Emergency attendance (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.10–1.75) and hospitalisation (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.36–2.15) because of illness were higher in the most disadvantaged compared to the least, suggesting potential lower ascertainment of milder cases or delayed care-seeking behaviour in disadvantaged groups. Advantaged individuals were significantly more likely to report salad/fruit/vegetable/herb consumption (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.16–2.17), non-UK or UK travel (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.40–2.27; OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.35–2.56) and environmental exposures (walking in a paddock, OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.22–2.70; soil contact, OR 1.52, 95% CI 2.13–1.09) suggesting other unmeasured risks, such as person-to-person transmission, could be more important in the most disadvantaged group.

scholarly journals Second impact syndrome in football: new imaging and insights into a rare and devastating condition

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Weinstein ◽  
Michael Turner ◽  
Benjamin B. Kuzma ◽  
Henry Feuer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Neurological Injury ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Underlying Pathophysiology ◽  
Impact Syndrome

Premature return to play for the concussed pediatric athlete may result in devastating neurological injury. Identification of at-risk patients and ideal management of the concussed athlete remain challenging for the pediatrician. The authors review a case of second impact syndrome in which neuroimaging was obtained between the first and second impacts, a circumstance which to their knowledge has not been previously reported. This case offers new insights into the underlying pathophysiology of this disease process and potential risk factors for its development.

scholarly journals Potential Risk Factors for the Development of Self-Injurious Behavior among Infants at Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1403-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele F. Dimian ◽  
◽  
Kelly N. Botteron ◽  
Stephen R. Dager ◽  
Jed T. Elison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Well-Being and Resilience in Children With Speech and Language Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rena Lyons ◽  
Sue Roulstone
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Strategies ◽  
Speech And Language Disorders

Purpose Children with speech and language disorders are at risk in relation to psychological and social well-being. The aim of this study was to understand the experiences of these children from their own perspectives focusing on risks to their well-being and protective indicators that may promote resilience. Method Eleven 9- to 12-year-old children (4 boys and 7 girls) were recruited using purposeful sampling. One participant presented with a speech sound disorder, 1 presented with both a speech and language disorder, and 9 with language disorders. All were receiving additional educational supports. Narrative inquiry, a qualitative design, was employed. Data were generated in home and school settings using multiple semi-structured interviews with each child over a 6-month period. A total of 59 interviews were conducted. The data were analyzed to identify themes in relation to potential risk factors to well-being and protective strategies. Results Potential risk factors in relation to well-being were communication impairment and disability, difficulties with relationships, and concern about academic achievement. Potential protective strategies were hope, agency, and positive relationships. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of listening to children's narratives so that those at risk in relation to well-being can be identified. Conceptualization of well-being and resilience within an ecological framework may enable identification of protective strategies at both individual and environmental levels that can be strengthened to mitigate negative experiences.

Risk Factors and Clinical Characteristics of Metabolic Bone Disease of Prematurity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Mutlu ◽  
Filiz Aktürk-Acar ◽  
Şebnem Kader ◽  
Yakup Aslan ◽  
Gülay Karagüzel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Metabolic Bone Disease ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Objective The study aimed to analyze the risk factors and clinical features of metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP) in premature infants compared with infants of similar gestational age and birthweight without MBDP. Study Design This retrospective case–control study was performed by comparing 81 cases of MBDP with 63 controls to identify potential risk factors. Premature infants with a gestational age ≤33 weeks and birthweight <1,500 g were included. Medical records were examined in terms of maternal conditions, potential risk factors, and clinical characteristics. Results Bone fractures and invasive ventilator dependence were the most common clinical features of MBDP. Duration of invasive ventilation and total mechanical ventilation days, necrotizing enterocolitis, corticosteroid use, anticonvulsive drug use, duration of dexamethasone and caffeine use, total parenteral nutrition, and length of hospitalization were significantly higher in neonates with MBDP (p < 0.05). Breastfed neonates and those receiving human milk fortifier had a lower incidence of MBDP than those premature formula or mixed feeding (p < 0.05). Anticonvulsive drug use (odds ratio: 2.935; 95% confidence interval: 1.265–6.810) was identified as a risk factor for MBDP at multiple regression analysis. Conclusion Our results show that anticonvulsive drug use is a significant risk factor for the development of MBDP. If long-term use is not required, anticonvulsive drugs should be stopped as soon as possible. Further studies involving patients with MBDP are required to determine the risk factors and clinical features. Key Points

Malnutrition, low diet quality and its risk factors among older adults with low socio-economic status: a scoping review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
N. S. Nazri ◽  
D. Vanoh ◽  
S. K. Leng
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Poor Diet

Abstract Low socio-economic status (SES) is often associated with various health-related problems. Therefore, the present paper aims to review the available literature to identify the prevalence of malnutrition, prevalence of poor diet quality and its associated risk factors among older adults with low SES. A literature search was performed using four databases, namely PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer and Science Direct. The search terms used were ‘diet quality’, ‘nutritional status’, ‘dietary intake’, ‘overweight’, ‘obesity’, ‘underweight’, ‘older people’ and ‘low socioeconomic status (SES)’. The overall prevalence of undernutrition among older adults with low SES worldwide was in the range of 28·9 to 48 %, while overnutrition was reported to be between 8·1 to 28·2 %. In Asia, the prevalence of undernourished older adults ranged from 3 to 64·9 %, while 2·5 to 32·8 % were overnourished. Most of the studies (60 %) included in the present review used BMI as the tool to identify malnutrition, but none of the nutritional screening tools were considered to be the ‘gold standard’. For dietary assessment, FFQ and multiple 24 h dietary recall improved the estimation of individual dietary intake. Risk factors for poor diet quality included financial hardship, functional limitation, sex, place of residence, smoking and oral health. Poor nutritional status, especially lack of good-quality diet, and thinness are prevalent among older adults with low SES. Hence, it is important to establish nutrition-related programmes and intervention studies among this group of individuals for improving their health status and quality of life.

Premature Arterial Disease Associated with Familial Antithrombin III Deficiency

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (01) ◽  
pp. 013-015 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J Johnson ◽  
C R M Prentice ◽  
L A Parapia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Arterial Thromboembolism ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Antithrombin Iii Deficiency

SummaryAntithrombin III (ATIII) deficiency is one of the few known abnormalities of the coagulation system known to predispose to venous thromboembolism but its relation to arterial disease is not established. We describe two related patients with this disorder, both of whom suffered arterial thrombotic events, at an early age. Both patients had other potential risk factors, though these would normally be considered unlikely to lead to such catastrophic events at such an age. Thrombosis due to ATIII deficiency is potentially preventable, and this diagnosis should be sought more frequently in patients with arterial thromboembolism, particularly if occurring at a young age. In addition, in patients with known ATIII deficiency, other risk factors for arterial disease should be eliminated, if possible. In particular, these patients should be counselled against smoking.

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