The potential for improving sire selection in dairy cattle by molecular genetic analysis of bovine casein genes

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 167-167
Author(s):  
S.J. Pinder ◽  
B.N. Perry ◽  
D. Savva ◽  
C.J. Skidmore
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Casein Genes ◽  
Sire Selection

Population studies have shown useful correlations between alleles at the casein loci and important production parameters such as compositional characteristics of milk, cheese yield and lactation yield. Molecular genetic analysis of genotype at the casein loci could therefore enhance sire selection in dairy herds. We are Investigating polymorphisms in K-casein, where the B-variant gives improved cheesemaMng and in β-casein, where the A3 allele is associated with improved lactation yields. We have previously reported a restriction fragment length polymorphism in the K-casein gene, enabling us to identify the alleles at this locus [Perry, B.N., Savva, D., Radley, E., Skldmore, C.J. & Lovell, R.D. (1989) Anim. Prod. 48, 661]. Our current work makes use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to increase dramatically the speed of di agnosis.

scholarly journals Prevalence of beta thalassemia mutations in population of Gujarat using amplification-refractory mutation system–polymerase chain reaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3294
Author(s):  
Pankaj K. Gadhia ◽  
Salil N. Vaniawala ◽  
Tushar B. Kachhadiya
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Amplification Refractory Mutation System ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Mutation System ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Beta thalassemia is the most common genetic disorder in India. Its trait, coinheritance and mutations vary from mild to severe condition, resulting in thalassemia minor (heterozygous), intermediate and major depending upon many factors. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence rate and the carrier of beta thalassemia in population of Gujarat using molecular genetic analysis of beta thalassemia patients by targeted mutation assay (ARMS-PCR).Methods: A total 105 samples for beta thalassemia were analysed for IVS 1-5 (G→C) and CD 15 (G→A) mutations. These two common mutations of thalassemia in Gujarat were carried out using amplification refractory mutation system–polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) and gel electrophoresis method.Results: A total 105 samples referred to us for molecular genetic analysis. The occurrence of positive mutations of IVS 1-5 (G→C) and CD 15 (G→A) were found in 48 and 15 samples respectively. The rest were negatives.Conclusions: Present study concludes that the prevalence rate of Beta thalassemia was widespread among the Gujarat population. The identification of IVS 1-5 (G→C) and CD 15 (G→A) mutations was carried out. The analysis revealed that, mutational patterns of IVS 1-5 (G→C) was the most frequent among other mutations in Gujarat region. 

scholarly journals Polymorphism of Genes of the Protein and Lipid Exchanges in Modern Ukranian Breeds of Cattle Bred for Dairy Productivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 373-380
Author(s):  
Yulia V. Gritsienko ◽  
Michael I. Gill ◽  
Liubov Denisyuk ◽  
Igor Yu. Gorbatenko
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Lipid Exchange ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

AbstractGenetic structure of animals of several Ukrainian modern breeds analysed by genes of protein and lipid exchange CSN3 (kappa-casein), BLG (betalactaglobulin), LEP (leptin), Pit-1 (pituitery transcription factor), TG-5 (thyroglobulin) were investigated in cows of three domestic breeds (Ukrainian Red Dairy, Ukrainian Black-speckled Dairy, Ukrainian Red-speckled Dairy). Polymer-ase chain reaction, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism was used for the molecular-genetic analysis.

Central neurocytoma: morphological, flow cytometric, polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and karyotypic analyses

1999 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venita Jay ◽  
Vern Edwards ◽  
Eelco Hoving ◽  
James Rutka ◽  
Laurence Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Central Neurocytoma ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

✓ The results of cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis of a central neurocytoma are presented. Central neurocytomas are intriguing neoplasms that exhibit primarily neuronal, but also glial characteristics, which indicate an origin from a pluripotential neuroglial precursor. The authors describe an intraventricular neurocytoma in an 11-year-old boy that showed anaplastic features with widespread necrosis and mitoses, as well as extensive calcification and foci that exhibited marked neuronal differentiation with clusters of ganglion cells. Immunohistochemical examination showed prominent synaptophysin and neurofilament positivity and focal glial fibrillary acidic protein positivity. Electron microscopy revealed abundant neuritic processes with microtubules and dense core granules as well as mature ganglion cells. Flow cytometry studies revealed increased S (7.8%) and G2M (9.7%) phase components. Molecular and cytogenetic studies were undertaken to assess whether there were similarities to two other tumor types that exhibit neuronal differentiation, the neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma. Polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed no evidence of amplification of the MYCN oncogene or chromosome 1p deletion, which are common in neuroblastomas. Chromosomal analysis by G banding revealed a complex karyotype, with counts in the near-diploidy range (45–48). Two chromosomes 1 appeared normal on G banding and FISH analysis, with p58 signals present on the distal p arm of both chromosomes 1; however, three additional copies of distal 1q were present in rearrangements with 4 and 7. Although the histological findings indicate a kinship to the neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma, the central neurocytoma appears to have a different karyotypic profile, although more cases need to be assessed using molecular genetic analysis.

Genetic analysis of nuclear DNA restriction fragment patterns

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Gillet
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis in the broad sense is the analysis of differences in restriction fragment pattern produced by defined target segments within or between cell compartments, cell types, etc., in a single individual or in different individuals. Thus both molecular hybridization and DNA amplification by two-primer extension using the polymerase chain reaction can define target segments for RFLP analysis. The two techniques are outlined with special consideration of characteristics important for genetic analysis. The mode of inheritance of restriction fragment patterns as a prerequisite for their use as genetic markers in inheritance studies is explained, leading to criticism of common usage. The importance of internal restriction sites for the determination of allelic variation is stressed. It is shown that, if target segments are under the control of a single nuclear diploid restriction fragment locus, then complete reconstruction of all parental target segments requires controlled crosses between individuals of like restriction fragment pattern.Key words: genetic analysis, inheritance, restriction fragment length polymorphism, controlled cross, polymerase chain reaction.

scholarly journals Chickpea genotypes characteristics on resistance to fusarium Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 166-169
Author(s):  
V. A. Chekalov ◽  
N. E. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Southern Ukraine

Aim. Molecular-genetic analysis of the chickpea genotypes for foc0, foc3, foc4 resistance genes to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp ciceris. Methods. Extraction and purification of DNA, spectrophotometry, polymerase chain reaction, electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. Results. 35 chickpea lines and varieties of Ukrainian and foreign breeding characterized according to genotyping on foc0, foc3, foc4 genes of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp ciceris by the microsatellite markers TA59, TR19 and TR59. Fragments of the expected size for all markers were obtained for samples, for which the resistance level was fixed to certain races. Match between data on the presence of a amplification fragment of a certain size and resistance level among other samples is not found. Conclusions. For 35 chickpea varieties and lines the allele state of foc0, foc3, foc4 genes of resistance to the F. oxysporum f. sp ciceris races 0, 3, 4 is established. The variety ‘Pam’yat’ is recommended as a control of resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp ciceris races 0, 3, 4 in the southern Ukraine conditions. Keywords: chickpea, genes, molecular markers, fusarios, resistance.

Histologic Analysis of Gonadal Tissue in Patients with Ullrich-Turner Syndrome and Derivative Y Chromosomes

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.-C. Horn ◽  
A. Limbach ◽  
W. Hoepffner ◽  
R.B. Tröbs ◽  
E. Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Chromosomal Sequences

To identify patients who had Ullrich-Turner syndrome (UTS) and were at risk for gonadoblastoma or associated germ cell tumors, molecular genetic analysis was carried out to detect Y chromosomal sequences. From peripheral blood samples of 5 patients who had cytogenetically confirmed UTS, genomic DNA was extracted and screened for Y chromosomal sequences by polymerase chain reaction. The morphology of the gonadal tissues was compared with results from polymerase chain reaction. Three phenotypic females showed UTS mosaicism with normal X chromosome accompanied by Y chromosomal material, and 2 patients showed marker chromosomes. Molecular analysis represented loci PABY, SRY, ZFY, TSPY, DYZ3, DYZ1 DXYS, 19Y, DYS-273, DYS-148, DYS218, DYS224, and DYZ1. Three patients showed gonadal tumors (1 with unilateral gonadoblastoma, 1 with unilateral dysgerminoma, and 1 patient had both tumors in 1 gonad). Molecular genetic screening for Y chromosomal sequences may be useful as an additional tool for the identification of patients at risk for a gonadal tumor. Careful, complete processing, including step sectioning, of the gonadectomy specimens to detect small lesions is recommended.

scholarly journals Potential for the application of DNA technologies in the brewing industry

Food systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
E. G. Lazareva ◽  
Kh. Kh. Gilmanov ◽  
A. V. Bigaeva ◽  
S. V. Tuylkin ◽  
R. R. Vafin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Complete Identification ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The article presents an analysis of the literature data on research related to the use of DNA technologies in the brewing industry. Significant relevance among them is the work on combating widespread falsification of food products, including alcohol. Classical methods of assessing the quality and safety of beer do not allow us to identify the substitution of raw materials declared by the manufacturer — one of the large-scale areas of falsification. Therefore, the question of applying new approaches to the assessment of the authenticity of brewing products is relevant. In particular, the most complete identification of falsifications in the alcohol industry is made by molecular genetic analysis methods. This article discusses the methods of extraction of nucleic acids, as well as markers used as genetic targets in the DNA authentication of alcoholic beverages. The analyzed material indicates the possibility of using molecular genetic methods based on the polymerase chain reaction as modern laboratory tools for determining the authenticity of manufactured goods. In addition, the potential of using DNA technologies in the fight against contamination of industrial enterprises has been identified.

scholarly journals Rapid preparation of tissue DNA from paraffin-embedded blocks and analysis by polymerase chain reaction.

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
B F Chen ◽  
S Clejan
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
P53 Gene ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Rapid Preparation ◽  
Paraffin Block ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Embedded Blocks ◽  
Polymerase Chain

We have developed a new, easy, and more rapid method for DNA preparation, which avoids contamination. With this method, manual surgical blade scrapings from precisely targeted areas of paraffin block surfaces, without microtome cutting, were used to obtain tissues from 10 different neoplasms. Our results indicate the feasibility of DNA extraction from the scraped paraffin tissue for molecular genetic analysis. We applied this technique successfully to screen for the presence of human papillomavirus using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure in cases of endocervical, esophageal, and nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and to examine the expression of p53 gene from prostate and gastric adenocarcinomas. We conclude that this procedure is also suitable for purification of PCR products in analysis of the mutation or loss of allelic genes by Bstu I endonuclease digestion.

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