Effect of flat bate feeding in late pregnancy on colostrum and lamb production of prolific ewes

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 163-163
Author(s):  
S.E. Pattinson ◽  
D.A.R. Davies ◽  
A.C. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum

In the final 2 weeks of pregnancy there is a large increase in the protein requirement of the ewe for udder growth and colostrum production (Robinson, 1985). Ewe dry matter (DM) intakes fall during late pregnancy (Forbes, 1970) so meeting the theoretical requirements at this stage can be difficult.The trial was designed to compare the effect of providing the required protein on a flat-rate or a ‘step-up’ feeding system on lamb and colostrum production.Sixty-two Cambridge ewes aged 1 to 9 years and scanned as carrying 2 to 6 lambs were used. Ewes were housed and sheared approximately 2 months pre-partum and fed a complete diet at a restricted level and hay ad libitum until the commencement of the trial at 4 weeks pre-partum.

Effects of nutrition in late pregnancy on subsequent milk production in Ewes

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Treacher
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Total Birth ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake

SUMMARY1. Scottish Half-bred ewes carrying twin foetuses were fed individually to make live-weight gains in the last six weeks of pregnancy of (1) 20%, (2) 10% and (3) 0% of their live weight in week 14 of pregnancy. In lactation the ewes were fed ad libitum. The lambs were removed 12 to 16 hr after parturition and the ewes were machine-milked twice daily for the first six weeks of lactation.2. Total birth weights per ewe of twin lambs from the treatments were (1) 10·10 kg, (2) 9·44 kg and (3) 8·18 kg and differed significantly.3. The level and pattern of voluntary intake in lactation did not differ significantly between the treatments. Total dry-matter intakes in the six weeks of lactation were (1) 121·9 kg (2) 105·9 kg and (3) 109·5 kg.4. The pregnancy treatments affected the level of milk production and the shape of lactation curves. The total yields in the first six weeks of lactation were (1) 58·8 kg, (2) 43·5 kg and (3) 26·9 kg. Higher contents of fat and protein and the lower content of lactose in the milk from treatment-3 ewes on days 1 and 3 of lactation indicated a slower onset of lactation in these ewes. Between days 7 and 35 of lactation the contents of fat and SNF were lowest on treatment 3 but the differences were not significant.5. The live-weight changes in lactation, which were in inverse order to the gains in late pregnancy, were (1) 3·4 kg, (2) 5·5 kg and (3) 9·5 kg.

The relationship between protein nutrition, reproductive effort and breakdown in immunity toTeladorsagia circumcinctain periparturient ewes

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. M. Houdijk ◽  
I. Kyriazakis ◽  
F. Jackson ◽  
R. L. Coop
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
Nutrient Partitioning ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractA nutritional hypothesis for the occurrence of the periparturient relaxation of immunity (PPRI) to gastrointestinal nematodes was tested within the bounds of a nutrient partitioning framework. It was hypothesized that at times of a scarce supply of metabolizable protein (MP), an increase in MP supply or a reduction in MP demand (having singles instead of twins) should lower the extent of PPRI in sheep. Twenty-one single- and 21 twin-bearing and -rearing Finn-Dorset ewes, 2 to 7 years old, and repeatedly infected withTeladorsagia circumcincta, were given one of three pelleted foods (no. = 7). The foods were formulated to supply 0·8 (L), 1·0 (M) and 1·2 (H) times the MP requirements during lactation, and were offeredad libitumfrom d–21to d35(d0 is day of parturition). Faecal egg counts (FEC) were assessed twice weekly as an indicator for host resistance. Dry-matter intake (DMI) during late pregnancy was higher than expected, and MP supply did not limit performance at this stage. In accordance with the hypothesis, there were no indications of a breakdown of immunity toT. circumcinctaduring late pregnancy. DMI during lactation did not differ between the single- and twin-rearing ewes. Calculated milk production was lower for the L than for the M and H ewes, especially for the twin-rearing ewes. A temporarily elevated FEC was observed during the first few days in lactation, which was probably mainly due to changes in faecal output rather than to PPRI. The FEC returned to low, late pregnancy levels at d12and remained low for the single- but not for the twin-rearing ewes (P< 0·001). Overall, the L ewes had higher FEC than the M and H ewes from d19onwards; this effect was more pronounced for the twin- than for the single-rearing ewes. It was postulated that DMI achieved overcame MP scarcity and thus prevented breakdown in immunity in the single-rearing ewes. The data support the view that, at times of MP scarcity, an increase in MP supply and reduction in MP demand can lower the extent of the breakdown in immunity towardsT. circumcincta.

Meat production from female goat kids compared with males

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. A. EL MUOLA ◽  
S. A. BABIKER ◽  
O. A. EL KHIDIR ◽  
S. E. IBRAHIM
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Number Of Males

Twelve female desert goat kids and an equal number of males were used to study meat production potential of desert goats at Kuku Research Station, Khartoum North, Sudan. The kids were kept in two separate groups according to sex. Kids were fed ad libitum a complete diet (a concentrate mix and green lucerne) for 147 days from 12 July to 10 Oct 1997.Male kids consumed more dry matter, had significantly greater liveweight gain and had heavier slaughter weight and superior feed conversion efficiency than females. Carcass weight was significantly greater in males than females but females dressed out heavier than males. Male carcasses had more muscles and bone while female carcasses had more fat and trimmings.Male goat kid carcasses yielded significantly (P<0·001) heavier wholesale cuts as single short forequarter and neck while female kid carcasses yielded heavier wholesale cuts as leg and chump, best end of neck as well as significantly (P<0·01) heavier loin and breast.

Effect of reproductive state and concentrate supplementation on liquid and particulate turnover in the rumen of ewes given ammonia treated straw

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Perez ◽  
J Gasa ◽  
C Castrillo ◽  
JA Guada
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Reproductive State ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Breeding Status

Rates of passage of liquid and particulate markers (Co-EDTA, Cr mordanted fibres and Yb) were measured in ewes at late pregnancy, lactation and non-breeding status. Animals were given ammonia treated barley straw ad libitum supplemented daily with 250 and 550 (pregnancy), 550 and 850 (lactation) and 250, 550 and 850 (non-breeding) g of concentrate. The effect of the reproductive state was analysed only on ewes fed on 550 g of concentrate. Lactating ewes showed a higher voluntary straw intake (970 g/day) than pregnant or non-breeding ewes (720 and 790 g/day respectively), but there were not significant differences in the OM digestibility (OMD) among reproductive states. Increasing concentrate supplementation promoted significant decreases in the voluntary intake of straw, associated with an enhanced OMD ( P < 0.05). Fractional outflow rates (FOR/h) were higher in pregnant and non-breeding than in lactating ewes, although differences were only significant ( P < 0.01) for Chromium derived values. Ewes given 250 g of concentrate showed lower ( P < 0.05) FOR than those given 550 and 850 g/day. Results support the idea that in ruminants fed on low quality roughages, voluntary dry matter intake is mainly restricted by rumen capacity, although the energy status of the animals might influence the extent of this restriction.

Influence of clipping regime and silage quality on the performance of pregnant and lactating ewes

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 55-55
Author(s):  
Heather J Black ◽  
D H B Chestnutt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Additional Influence ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

Winter clipping of breeding ewes has given variable increases in lamb birth weight associated mainly with increased ewe voluntary food intake (Rutter, Laird and Broadbent, 1972; Vipond, King, Inglis and Hunter, 1987). The requirement for energy is greatest during the last six weeks of pregnancy but increasing uterine occupation of rumen volume may limit the ewe's ability to increase intake after clipping in late pregnancy. The additional influence of forage quality on intake after clipping is not clear. The present experiment was designed to study the independent and interacting effects of clipping regime and silage quality on lambing performance.Sixty Greyface ewes of uniform age were individually penned 14 weeks before lambing. Precision chop silage offered ad libitum was either early cut [188.3 g dry matter (DM)/kg, 155.7 g crude protein (CP)/kg DM, 740 g digestible organic matter (DOM)/kg DM] or late cut (184.5 g DM/kg, 100.9 g CP/kg DM, 689 g DOM/kg DM). For all treatments concentrate feeding was introduced 7 weeks before lambing, on an increasing scale to provide a total of 21 kg/ewe. Silage type was factorially arranged with 6 clipping regimes.

scholarly journals Intake and growth of steers offered different allowances of autumn grass and concentrates

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. French ◽  
E. G. O’Riordan ◽  
P. O’Kiely ◽  
P. J. Caffrey ◽  
A. P. Moloney
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Concentrate Level

AbstractThe aim of this experiment was to quantify the relationship between autumn grass supply and concentrate supplementation level on grass intake and animal performance. One hundred and ten continental steers (567 kg) were assigned to 10 treatments. The experimental design was a three grass allowances (6, 12 and 18 kg dry matter (DM) per head daily) by three concentrate levels: (0, 2·5 and 5 kg per head daily) factorial with a positive control group offered concentrates ad libitum and no grass. Grass allowance was offered daily and concentrates were given individually. The experiment began on 22 August and all animals were slaughtered after a mean experimental period of 95 days. Grass intake was calculated using the n-alkane technique and diet digestibility using ytterbium acetate as an indigestible marker. There was an interaction (P < 0·05) between grass allowance and concentrate level for grass intake. At the low grass allowance there was no effect of offering animals supplementary concentrates on grass intake, at the medium and high grass allowances, supplementary concentrates reduced grass intake by 0·43 and 0·81 kg DM respectively per kg DM concentrate offered. Increasing grass allowance increased (P < 0·001) complete diet organic matter (OM) digestibility at all concentrate levels and supplementary concentrates increased (P < 0·001) complete diet OM digestibility only at the low grass allowance. Both offering animals supplementary concentrates (P < 0·001) and increasing daily grass allowance (P < 0·001) increased their carcass growth rate. Relative to the animals offered the low grass allowance and no concentrate, supplementing with concentrate increased carcass growth by 116 g/kg concentrate DM eaten whereas increasing the grass allowance, increased carcass growth by 38 g/kg DM grass eaten. As a strategy for increasing the performance of cattle grazing autumn grass, offering supplementary concentrates offers more scope than altering grass allowance.

Effect of early weaning one lamb in a triplet lamb rearing system

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
C. B. Gallo ◽  
D. A. R. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Psoas Major ◽  
Similar Growth

ABSTRACTThirty-seven Cambridge (C) and Suffolk (S) × C ewes and their lambs were housed and penned individually in family groups for 35 days post partum and then grazed on pasture until the lambs reached slaughter weight. Lambs were reared as twins (TR-TW). The lambs weaned at 35 days were artificially reared and formed the TR-AR group.Dry matter intake of the complete diet and hay offered ad libitum during the housing period was unaffected by rearing type. TR-TR and TR-TW ewes produced more milk at 10 days than TW-TW ewes, 4·4 and 4·2 v. 3·6 (s.e.d. 0·257) kg/day. From 35 days onwards the decline in milk yield tended o t be greater in the TW-TW and TR-TW ewes which also gained more condition than TR-TR ewes, 0·33 and 0·37 v. 0·01 (s.e.d. 0·139) of a score.TW-TW lambs grew faster than TR-TW and TR-TR lambs during the housed period, 336 v. 295 and 292 (s.e.d. 9·8) g/day but after 35 days TR-TW, TR-AR and TW-TW lambs had similar growth rates, 348, 350, and 348 (s.e.d. 14·2) g/day respectively whereas TR-TR lambs grew less quickly at 310 g/day. Forty-two male lambs were slaughtered. TR-AR lambs had a higher killing-out proportion and carcass fat content than naturally reared animals. In the latter group carcass fat content was negatively related to time reared as triplets and the kidney knob and channel fat weight was significantly lower in the TR-TR group. Crossbred lambs grew faster, had a higher killing-out proportion and greater weight of m. longissimus dorsi and m. psoas major in the half carcass.It is concluded that weaning one lamb at 35 days provides a suitable alternative system for rearing triplets and that it is possible to produce good quality carcasses with some desirable reduction in fat content from lambs reared as triplets throughout their life.

Possibilities of Using Bananas for the Feeding of Ruminants in Humid Tropical Regions

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-525
Author(s):  
Michel Chenost ◽  
Francois Geoffroy ◽  
Pierre Bousquet ◽  
Michel Candau
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Growing Goats ◽  
Tropical Grass

The possibility of using green or ensiled bananas was studied with goats green-fed a tropical grass (Digitaria decumbens). Bananas increased both dry matter intake and digestible organic matter intake. Offered ad libitum bananas represented 50 to 70% of the diet of lactating or young growing goats without reducing milk production or growth rate. Provided the nitrogen level of the diet was balanced it was possible to reduce concentrate by 300 to 450 g/day/animal. It was also possible to fatten young goats with a complete diet composed of banana, cereal, bagasse, and urea simultaneously ensiled. Further study is needed to determine whether these types of diets are effective for cattle.

Colostrum production by prolific ewes

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 79-79
Author(s):  
S. Pattinson ◽  
D.A.R. Davies ◽  
A. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Net Protein

The production of colostrum by prolific ewes is of particular importance because of the increased demand of larger litters. Robinson (1985) has shown that there is a sharp increase in the ewe's net protein requirement for udder growth and colostrum production in the last 2 weeks pre-partum.The trial was designed to investigate the effect of level of protein in the diet during the last weeks of pregnancy on the quantity and quality of colostrum produced by prolific ewes.Forty-four Cambridge ewes aged 2 to 7 years and scanned as carrying two to four lambs were used. Ewes were housed and sheared approximately 2 months pre-partum and fed a complete diet at a restricted level and hay ad libitum until the commencement of the feeding trial at 2 weeks pre-partum. The ewes were then individually penned until 5 days post partum. During this period the ewes were fed ad libitum one of the two complete diets detailed in Table 1 together with hay ad libitum.

The effect of two feeding patterns on performance of bred doe kids in late pregnancy

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 91-91
Author(s):  
S Scanlan ◽  
L C Roger
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Complete Diet

Breeding does at an early age can accelerate genetic progress in a breeding programme. However there is little information on the management and nutrition of bred doe kids. This trial investigated flat rate and stepped rate allocations of energy during the last 9 weeks pre-kidding and the effects of these treatments on the subsequent performance of both does and kids.In December 1990 42 first and second cross cashmere doe kids were selected for breeding on the basis of liveweight (minimum 18.5 kg) and housed until kidding in early May. Two 3 year old New Zealand bucks were run with them for 4 weeks. A complete diet, consisting of grass nuts and maize gluten was fed during the housing period.

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